软件测试接口测试从入门到精通：Java接口自动化_RestAssured

文章目录

[15 Java接口自动化 - RestAssured](#15 Java接口自动化 - RestAssured)
- [15.1 RestAssured 简介](#15.1 RestAssured 简介)
- - 什么是RestAssured
  - 为什么选择RestAssured
- [15.2 环境准备](#15.2 环境准备)
- - Maven依赖
- [15.3 基础用法](#15.3 基础用法)
- [15.4 认证](#15.4 认证)
- - [Bearer Token](#Bearer Token)
  - [Basic Auth](#Basic Auth)
- [15.5 响应验证](#15.5 响应验证)
- - JSON验证
  - 提取响应数据
- [15.6 本章小结](#15.6 本章小结)
- - RestAssured核心
  - [课后练习 📝](#课后练习 📝)
- [15.7 下章预告](#15.7 下章预告)

15 Java接口自动化 - RestAssured

🎯 本章目标：掌握RestAssured框架，学会用Java编写接口自动化测试。

15.1 RestAssured 简介

什么是RestAssured

RestAssured 是一个用于测试REST API的Java DSL（领域特定语言），让HTTP请求和验证变得简单。

为什么选择RestAssured

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DSL语法简洁
与Java生态集成
支持多种验证
与JUnit/TestNG配合
支持JSON/XML

15.2 环境准备

Maven依赖

xml 复制代码

<dependencies>
    <!-- RestAssured -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>io.rest-assured</groupId>
        <artifactId>rest-assured</artifactId>
        <version>5.3.2</version>
        <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
    
    <!-- JUnit 5 -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>
        <artifactId>junit-jupiter</artifactId>
        <version>5.10.0</version>
        <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
    
    <!-- JSON Path -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>io.rest-assured</groupId>
        <artifactId>json-path</artifactId>
        <version>5.3.2</version>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>

15.3 基础用法

GET请求

java 复制代码

import io.restassured.RestAssured;
import static io.restassured.RestAssured.*;
import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.*;

public class ApiTest {
    
    @BeforeAll
    public static void setup() {
        RestAssured.baseURI = "https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com";
    }
    
    @Test
    public void testGetPost() {
        given()
            .pathParam("id", 1)
        .when()
            .get("/posts/{id}")
        .then()
            .statusCode(200)
            .body("id", equalTo(1))
            .body("title", notNullValue());
    }
    
    @Test
    public void testGetPostsWithParams() {
        given()
            .queryParam("userId", 1)
            .queryParam("_limit", 5)
        .when()
            .get("/posts")
        .then()
            .statusCode(200)
            .body("size()", equalTo(5));
    }
}

POST请求

java 复制代码

@Test
public void testCreatePost() {
    given()
        .contentType(ContentType.JSON)
        .body("{\n" +
            "  \"title\": \"foo\",\n" +
            "  \"body\": \"bar\",\n" +
            "  \"userId\": 1\n" +
            "}")
    .when()
        .post("/posts")
    .then()
        .statusCode(201)
        .body("id", notNullValue())
        .body("title", equalTo("foo"));
}

使用Map传参

java 复制代码

@Test
public void testCreatePostWithMap() {
    Map<String, Object> postData = new HashMap<>();
    postData.put("title", "foo");
    postData.put("body", "bar");
    postData.put("userId", 1);
    
    given()
        .contentType(ContentType.JSON)
        .body(postData)
    .when()
        .post("/posts")
    .then()
        .statusCode(201);
}

15.4 认证

Bearer Token

java 复制代码

@Test
public void testWithToken() {
    given()
        .header("Authorization", "Bearer " + token)
    .when()
        .get("/api/v1/users/me")
    .then()
        .statusCode(200);
}

Basic Auth

java 复制代码

@Test
public void testBasicAuth() {
    given()
        .auth().basic("username", "password")
    .when()
        .get("/api/v1/protected")
    .then()
        .statusCode(200);
}

15.5 响应验证

JSON验证

java 复制代码

@Test
public void testResponseValidation() {
    given()
    .when()
        .get("/posts/1")
    .then()
        .statusCode(200)
        .contentType(ContentType.JSON)
        .body("id", equalTo(1))
        .body("userId", greaterThan(0))
        .body("title", is(not(emptyString())))
        .body("body", containsString("quia"));
}

提取响应数据

java 复制代码

@Test
public void testExtractData() {
    String title = given()
    .when()
        .get("/posts/1")
    .then()
        .statusCode(200)
        .extract()
        .path("title");
    
    System.out.println("Title: " + title);
}

15.6 本章小结

RestAssured核心

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path,#mermaid-svg-Ik98OSGy2VY046pz .section-root circle,#mermaid-svg-Ik98OSGy2VY046pz .section-root polygon{fill:hsl(240, 100%, 46.2745098039%);}#mermaid-svg-Ik98OSGy2VY046pz .section-root text{fill:#ffffff;}#mermaid-svg-Ik98OSGy2VY046pz .section-root span{color:#ffffff;}#mermaid-svg-Ik98OSGy2VY046pz .section-2 span{color:#ffffff;}#mermaid-svg-Ik98OSGy2VY046pz .icon-container{height:100%;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:center;}#mermaid-svg-Ik98OSGy2VY046pz .edge{fill:none;}#mermaid-svg-Ik98OSGy2VY046pz .mindmap-node-label{dy:1em;alignment-baseline:middle;text-anchor:middle;dominant-baseline:middle;text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-Ik98OSGy2VY046pz :root{--mermaid-font-family:"trebuchet ms",verdana,arial,sans-serif;} RestAssured
given
参数设置
Headers
Body
when
HTTP方法
URL
then
状态码验证
Body验证
Header验证
extract
提取数据
传递上下文

课后练习 📝

基础题 ：用RestAssured测试 jsonplaceholder.typicode.com 的接口。
进阶题：封装一个BaseTest类，包含登录和Token管理。

15.7 下章预告

下一章我们将学习如何从零搭建接口自动化测试框架！

"RestAssured让Java接口测试变得像说话一样自然。"