selenium实现12306抢票脚本

qiangpiao.py

import time

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.common import NoSuchElementException, ElementNotInteractableException
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.service import Service
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
from station_name import get_station
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import Select

class QiangPiao:
    #登录网址
    login_url = 'https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/resources/login.html'
    station_info = {}
    #初始化driver
    def __init__(self, driver,from_station,to_station, date_station,trains,passenger_name_lst):
        self.driver = driver
        self.from_station = from_station
        self.to_station = to_station
        self.date_station = date_station
        self.trains = trains
        self.passenger_name_lst = passenger_name_lst
        self.seat_type = None
        for station_name, station_code in get_station():
            self.station_info[station_name] = station_code

    #打开网址
    def open(self):
        self.driver.get(self.login_url)
        self.driver.maximize_window()
    #扫描登录
    def login(self):
        WebDriverWait(self.driver, 10).until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.XPATH, '//*[@id="toolbar_Div"]/div[3]/div[2]/ul/li[2]/a'))).click()
        WebDriverWait(self.driver, 10).until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.ID, 'gerenzhongxin')))
    #查询车票
    def search(self):
        self.driver.find_element(By.ID, 'link_for_ticket').click()
        from_station_code = self.station_info[self.from_station]
        to_station_code = self.station_info[self.to_station]

        from_station_element = WebDriverWait(self.driver, 10).until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.ID, 'fromStation')))
        to_station_element = self.driver.find_element(By.ID, 'toStation')
        train_date = self.driver.find_element(By.ID, 'train_date')
        self.driver.execute_script('arguments[0].value = "%s"' % from_station_code, from_station_element)
        self.driver.execute_script('arguments[0].value = "%s"' % to_station_code, to_station_element)
        train_date.clear()
        train_date.send_keys(self.date_station)
        is_flag = False #标记是否有余票
        is_select_fram_and_to = False #标记是否已勾选出发地和目的地复选框
        while True:
            self.driver.find_element(By.ID, 'query_ticket').click()
            # 勾选出发和目的地
            if not is_select_fram_and_to:
                WebDriverWait(self.driver,10).until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.ID, f"cc_from_station_{self.from_station}"))).click()
                WebDriverWait(self.driver,10).until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.ID, f"cc_to_station_{self.to_station}"))).click()
                is_select_fram_and_to = True
            #获取车次
            WebDriverWait(self.driver, 1000).until(
                EC.presence_of_element_located((By.XPATH, '//tbody[@id="queryLeftTable"]/tr[not(@datatran)]')))
            train_infos = self.driver.find_elements(By.XPATH, '//tbody[@id="queryLeftTable"]/tr[not(@datatran)]')
            #分别遍历每个车次
            for train_info in train_infos:
                infos = train_info.text.replace('\n', ' ').split(' ')
                train_no = infos[0]
                if train_no in self.trains:
                    #根据key获取值 席别是一个列表
                    seat_types = self.trains[train_no]
                    for seat_type in seat_types: #遍历席位的列表
                        if seat_type == 'O': #说明是二等座
                            count = infos[11] #索引为11的是二等座
                            if count.isdigit() or count == '有':#有票就可以执行单击预定
                                is_flag = True
                                self.seat_type = seat_type
                                break
                        elif seat_type == 'M': #说明是一等座
                            count = infos[10] #索引为10的是一等座
                            if count.isdigit() or count == '有':#有票就可以执行单击预定
                                is_flag = True
                                self.seat_type = seat_type
                                break
                    if is_flag:
                        order_btn = train_info.find_element(By.XPATH, './/a[@class="btn72"]')
                        order_btn.click()
                        return

    def confirm(self):
        submit_btn = WebDriverWait(self.driver, 1000).until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.ID, 'submitOrder_id')))
        passengers = self.driver.find_elements(By.XPATH, '//ul[@id="normal_passenger_id"]/li/label')
        for passenger in passengers: #分别遍历每一位乘车人
            name = passenger.text #获取乘车人姓名
            if name in self.passenger_name_lst:
                passenger.click()
        #确认席位
        seat_select = Select(self.driver.find_element(By.ID, 'seatType_1'))
        try:
            seat_select.select_by_value(self.seat_type)
        except NoSuchElementException:
            pass
        #提交订单
        submit_btn.click()

        ok_btn = WebDriverWait(self.driver, 1000).until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.ID, 'qr_submit_id')))
        while True:
            try:
                ok_btn.click()
                ok_btn = self.driver.find_element(By.ID, 'qr_submit_id')
            except NoSuchElementException:
                print("aaa")
                break
            except ElementNotInteractableException:
                print("bbb")
                # 如果仍不可交互，等一小会儿再试
                break
        print(self.seat_type)
        if self.seat_type == 'O':
            print('恭喜抢到车票了，坐席为二等坐!!!')
        elif self.seat_type == 'M':
            print('恭喜抢到车票了，坐席为一等坐!!!')
    def start(self):
        self.open()
        self.login()
        self.search()
        self.confirm()

station_name.py

import requests
import re
import openpyxl
def get_station():
    url = 'https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/resources/js/framework/station_name.js?station_version=1.9369'
    #伪装成浏览器，为了成功得到数据
    headers = {'user-agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/149.0.0.0 Safari/537.36'}
    resp = request = requests.get(url, headers=headers)
    resp.encoding = 'utf-8'
    stations = re.findall(r'([\u4e00-\u9fa5]+)\|([A-Z]+)', resp.text)
    # print(stations)
    return stations
def save(lst):
    wb = openpyxl.Workbook()
    ws = wb.active
    for item in lst:
        ws.append(item)
    wb.save('station_name.xlsx')
if __name__ == '__main__':
    lst = get_station()
    save(lst)

main.py

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.service import Service
from qiangpiao import QiangPiao

driver = webdriver.Chrome(service=Service('chromedriver.exe'))
qp = QiangPiao(driver,'上虞南','杭州东', '2026-07-16',{'G7588': ['O','M']}, ['胡渠洋']) #O是二等座，M是一等座
qp.start()

input('按任意键继续')