6. USB 转串口驱动

USB 转串口驱动

• [0. Makefile 编译](#0. Makefile 编译)
• [1. 驱动整体组成](#1. 驱动整体组成)
• [2. 核心软件架构](#2. 核心软件架构)
• [3. 驱动框架](#3. 驱动框架)
• • [3.1 驱动框架 --- 模块加载与注册流程](#3.1 驱动框架 --- 模块加载与注册流程)
  • [3.2 驱动框架 --- USB 插入和 probe 流程](#3.2 驱动框架 --- USB 插入和 probe 流程)
  • [3.3 驱动框架 --- 打开串口流程](#3.3 驱动框架 --- 打开串口流程)
  • [3.4 驱动框架 --- 发送数据流程](#3.4 驱动框架 --- 发送数据流程)
  • [3.5 驱动框架 --- 接收数据流程](#3.5 驱动框架 --- 接收数据流程)
  • [3.6 驱动框架 --- 各具体驱动特点](#3.6 驱动框架 --- 各具体驱动特点)
  • • [3.6.1 CP210x](#3.6.1 CP210x)
    • [3.6.2 Option / GSM Modem](#3.6.2 Option / GSM Modem)
    • [3.6.3 ZTE EV](#3.6.3 ZTE EV)
  • [3.7 驱动框架 --- 关闭、拔出和电源管理](#3.7 驱动框架 --- 关闭、拔出和电源管理)
• [4. 加载顺序](#4. 加载顺序)
• [5. 验证加载](#5. 验证加载)

0. Makefile 编译

编译过程

1. 驱动整体组成

Linux内核中的USB转串口驱动由多个文件协同工作，每个文件承担不同的职责。理解这些文件的作用和相互关系，有助于深入掌握驱动的工作原理和调试方法。

2. 核心软件架构

3. 驱动框架

3.1 驱动框架 --- 模块加载与注册流程

3.2 驱动框架 --- USB 插入和 probe 流程

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是
否
是
USB设备插入
Linux USB Core枚举
读取VID/PID和接口描述符
匹配具体驱动?
设备保持未绑定
usb_serial_probe
创建usb_serial对象
调用子驱动probe
probe接受?
释放对象并返回失败
扫描USB端点
Bulk IN
Bulk OUT
Interrupt IN/OUT
创建usb_serial_port
分配读写URB和缓冲区
调用attach/port_probe
分配tty minor
注册ttyUSB设备
生成/dev/ttyUSBx

3.3 驱动框架 --- 打开串口流程

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serial_open
根据minor查找usb_serial_port
获取USB电源引用
具体驱动
generic_open
cp210x_open
option/usb_wwan_open
zte_ev_open
USB控制请求:使能UART
读取/设置波特率和线路参数
启动Bulk IN URB
启动Interrupt IN URB
发送ZTE专用控制命令
调用generic_open
提交接收URB
串口进入可收发状态

3.4 驱动框架 --- 发送数据流程

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否
用户write
serial_write
子驱动write
generic_write
写入kfifo
查找空闲write URB
拷贝FIFO数据
usb_submit_urb
Bulk OUT发送
write_bulk_callback
释放URB并继续发送
usb_wwan_write
选择空闲输出URB
获取USB自动休眠引用
设备是否挂起
放入delayed anchor
提交URB
Bulk OUT发送
释放busy标志和电源引用

3.5 驱动框架 --- 接收数据流程

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是
USB设备发送串口数据
Bulk IN URB
接收完成回调
URB状态正常?
记录错误/停止或重试
读取actual_length
写入TTY flip buffer
tty_flip_buffer_push
用户read返回
重新提交IN URB

3.6 驱动框架 --- 各具体驱动特点

3.6.1 CP210x

3.6.2 Option / GSM Modem

3.6.3 ZTE EV

3.7 驱动框架 --- 关闭、拔出和电源管理

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usb_serial_disconnect
设置disconnected
挂断TTY
停止并poison所有URB
删除ttyUSB设备
调用子驱动release
释放minor和端口对象

4. 加载顺序

正确的模块加载顺序至关重要：

# 先加载核心模块
sudo insmod usbserial.ko

# 再加载特定芯片驱动
sudo insmod cp210x.ko

# 或者使用modprobe自动处理依赖
sudo modprobe cp210x

5. 验证加载

加载后可通过以下命令验证：

# 查看已加载模块
lsmod | grep -E "usbserial|cp210x"

# 查看设备节点
ls -l /dev/ttyUSB*

# 查看内核消息
dmesg | tail -20