总体框图
HCI上半部
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.band span{fill:#fff3e0!important;stroke:#ef6c00!important;stroke-width:3px!important;color:#000!important;}#mermaid-svg-jVz6lv8Nr8lzXPpW .band tspan{fill:#000!important;}#mermaid-svg-jVz6lv8Nr8lzXPpW .trans>*{fill:#eceff1!important;stroke:#607d8b!important;stroke-width:1px!important;color:#000!important;}#mermaid-svg-jVz6lv8Nr8lzXPpW .trans span{fill:#eceff1!important;stroke:#607d8b!important;stroke-width:1px!important;color:#000!important;}#mermaid-svg-jVz6lv8Nr8lzXPpW .trans tspan{fill:#000!important;}#mermaid-svg-jVz6lv8Nr8lzXPpW .bypass>*{fill:#fce4ec!important;stroke:#c2185b!important;color:#000!important;}#mermaid-svg-jVz6lv8Nr8lzXPpW .bypass span{fill:#fce4ec!important;stroke:#c2185b!important;color:#000!important;}#mermaid-svg-jVz6lv8Nr8lzXPpW .bypass tspan{fill:#000!important;} HOST 主机侧 · 应用处理器 / 操作系统（如 BlueZ、Android BT Stack、Zephyr Host、NimBLE）
④ 直接访问 HCI 的 Host 模块（控制面，绕过 L2CAP）
② Profile 适配 / 传输协议 ------ 全部活在 L2CAP 之上
① 应用层
ACL Data（唯一走 L2CAP 的数据通道）
流程由该模块执行
密钥下发：LTK / Link Key
HCI 只搬运，不做密码学
SCO/eSCO · ISO 绕过 L2CAP
BR/EDR Profiles
A2DP · HFP · AVRCP · HID
SPP · PBAP · MAP · OPP · PAN
LE Profiles
HRS · BAS · ANS · GLP
LE Audio: BAP / TMAP / CAP
CS 高精度测距
RFCOMM 串口仿真
SDP 服务发现
AVDTP · AVCTP
音视频传输与控制
ATT / GATT
属性协议 · 服务框架
SMP 安全管理
配对 · 密钥生成
LE: L2CAP CID 0x0006
GAP 通用访问规范
⚠ 是规范不是层
定义角色 · 发现 · 连接流程
③ L2CAP 逻辑链路控制与适配
信道复用 · 分段重组(SDU→PDU) · 信用制流控
固定信道 CID 0x0004 ATT / 0x0005 LE信令 / 0x0006 SMP
⚠ SCO、ISO 不走这里
Channel Manager
信道管理器
Adapter / 连接管理
广播 · 扫描 · 建链 · RSSI · 发射功率
AMP Manager
音频驱动
PCM / ALSA
厂商扩展 · 固件加载
OGF = 0x3F
测试与诊断
DTM · btmon · btsnoop
════════ ★ HCI Host Controller Interface ★ ════════
不是 OSI 的一层，而是 Host 与 Controller 之间的接口／边界
① Command 命令 OGF 6bit + OCF 10bit ② Event 事件 ③ Data 数据
Data 分三类：ACL Data（异步业务）· SCO/eSCO（实时语音）· ISO Data（LE Audio 等时流）
流控：Number Of Completed Packets · 缓冲协商
HCI下半部
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AMP Controller 副控制器（Bluetooth 3.0+HS，现实已废弃）
LE Controller
BR/EDR Controller 主控制器
════════ ★ HCI Host Controller Interface ★ ════════
不是 OSI 的一层，而是 Host 与 Controller 之间的接口／边界
① Command 命令 OGF 6bit + OCF 10bit ② Event 事件 ③ Data 数据
Data 分三类：ACL Data（异步业务）· SCO/eSCO（实时语音）· ISO Data（LE Audio 等时流）
流控：Number Of Completed Packets · 缓冲协商
HCI Transport 传输层 ------ 只负责搬运字节流，与 HCI 逻辑无关
H4 UART · H5 三线 UART · USB · SDIO · SPI
Device Manager 设备管理器
Link Manager 链路管理器
LMP 链路管理协议
配对鉴权 · 链路配置
Baseband Resource Manager
无线资源调度 · 时隙仲裁
Link Controller 链路控制器
包格式 · FEC/ARQ 重传
⚠ 加密运算在此执行
BR/EDR RF / PHY
GFSK · π/4-DQPSK · 8DPSK
79 信道 · 2.4 GHz
Device Manager 设备管理器
Link Layer 链路层 LL
≈ LM + BRM + LC 的功能合集
状态机 · 跳频 · 重传 · ⚠ 加密运算
LE PHY
LE 1M · LE 2M · LE Coded S2/S8
40 信道 · 2.4 GHz
Device Manager 设备管理器
AMP PAL 协议适配层
AMP MAC / PHY
802.11 · 约 24 Mbps
2.4 GHz ISM 空口
局部大图
Host
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span{fill:#e3f2fd!important;stroke:#1565c0!important;stroke-width:2px!important;color:#000!important;}#mermaid-svg-QBdbvXFysqLtnE0S .l2 tspan{fill:#000!important;}#mermaid-svg-QBdbvXFysqLtnE0S .bypass>*{fill:#fce4ec!important;stroke:#c2185b!important;color:#000!important;}#mermaid-svg-QBdbvXFysqLtnE0S .bypass span{fill:#fce4ec!important;stroke:#c2185b!important;color:#000!important;}#mermaid-svg-QBdbvXFysqLtnE0S .bypass tspan{fill:#000!important;} HOST 主机侧
直连 HCI 的模块（控制面，绕过 L2CAP）
L2CAP 之上的世界（间接访问 HCI）
ACL Data
SCO / ISO 绕过 L2CAP
HCI 只搬运密钥，不做密码学
应用层 Profiles
RFCOMM / SDP / AVDTP / AVCTP
ATT / GATT
SMP 配对报文
L2CAP CID 0x0006
L2CAP
信道复用 · 分段重组 · 信用制流控
Channel Manager 信道管理器
Adapter / 连接管理
广播 · 扫描 · 建链 · RSSI · 功率
AMP Manager
音频驱动 PCM / ALSA
厂商扩展 · 固件加载 OGF=0x3F
测试诊断 DTM · btmon · btsnoop
SMP 密钥下发
LTK / Link Key
═══ HCI ═══
HCI
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tspan{fill:#000!important;} CONTROLLER 侧收端
HCI
HOST 侧发端
L2CAP
分段重组 · 复用
音频驱动
PCM / ALSA
控制面模块
Adapter · SMP · AMP · Vendor
ACL Data
异步 · 有重传
承载 ATT/GATT、RFCOMM 等全部业务
SCO / eSCO Data
实时语音 · 预留时隙 · 不重传
🚀 绕过 L2CAP
ISO Data
LE Audio 等时流 CIS / BIS
🚀 绕过 L2CAP
Command / Event
⚠ 控制面不走数据通道
Link Layer / Link Controller
等时适配层 ISOAL
Controller
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AMP Controller（3.0+HS，现实已废弃）
LE Controller
BR/EDR Controller
Device Manager
Link Manager（LMP）
配对鉴权 · 链路配置
Baseband Resource Manager
时隙与资源调度
Link Controller
包格式 · FEC / ARQ 重传
🔒 加密运算在此执行
BR/EDR PHY
GFSK · π/4-DQPSK · 8DPSK
79 信道
Device Manager
Link Layer 链路层
≈ LM + BRM + LC 的合集
状态机 · 跳频 · 重传
🔒 加密运算在此执行
LE PHY
1M · 2M · Coded S2/S8
40 信道
Device Manager
AMP PAL 协议适配层
AMP MAC / PHY
802.11 · 约 24 Mbps
2.4 GHz ISM 空口