多Agent系统协同机制

DreamLife☼2026-10-24 16:16

第12篇：多Agent系统协同机制

文章目录

摘要

本文深入探讨多Agent系统的协同机制，包括协同算法、任务分配策略和冲突解决。通过理论讲解和代码示例，帮助读者理解如何设计和实现高效的多Agent协同系统。

一、多Agent协同概述

1.1 协同模式分类

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集中式协同
分布式协同
混合式协同
中心控制
任务分配
点对点
消息传递
分层控制
动态协调

1.2 协同场景

场景 特点 协同需求
任务分配 多个Agent完成同一任务 任务分解与分配
资源共享 共享有限资源 资源调度
信息融合 多源信息整合 数据融合
冲突解决 目标冲突 协商机制
知识共享 知识互补 知识传递

二、协同算法

2.1 契约网协议

投标者3 投标者2 投标者1 管理者 投标者3 投标者2 投标者1 管理者 #mermaid-svg-FgAz7h2co36M7zdD{font-family:"trebuchet ms",verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;fill:#333;}@keyframes edge-animation-frame{from{stroke-dashoffset:0;}}@keyframes dash{to{stroke-dashoffset:0;}}#mermaid-svg-FgAz7h2co36M7zdD .edge-animation-slow{stroke-dasharray:9,5!important;stroke-dashoffset:900;animation:dash 50s linear infinite;stroke-linecap:round;}#mermaid-svg-FgAz7h2co36M7zdD .edge-animation-fast{stroke-dasharray:9,5!important;stroke-dashoffset:900;animation:dash 20s linear infinite;stroke-linecap:round;}#mermaid-svg-FgAz7h2co36M7zdD .error-icon{fill:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-FgAz7h2co36M7zdD .error-text{fill:#552222;stroke:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-FgAz7h2co36M7zdD .edge-thickness-normal{stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-FgAz7h2co36M7zdD .edge-thickness-thick{stroke-width:3.5px;}#mermaid-svg-FgAz7h2co36M7zdD .edge-pattern-solid{stroke-dasharray:0;}#mermaid-svg-FgAz7h2co36M7zdD .edge-thickness-invisible{stroke-width:0;fill:none;}#mermaid-svg-FgAz7h2co36M7zdD .edge-pattern-dashed{stroke-dasharray:3;}#mermaid-svg-FgAz7h2co36M7zdD .edge-pattern-dotted{stroke-dasharray:2;}#mermaid-svg-FgAz7h2co36M7zdD .marker{fill:#333333;stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-FgAz7h2co36M7zdD .marker.cross{stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-FgAz7h2co36M7zdD svg{font-family:"trebuchet ms",verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;}#mermaid-svg-FgAz7h2co36M7zdD p{margin:0;}#mermaid-svg-FgAz7h2co36M7zdD .actor{stroke:hsl(259.6261682243, 59.7765363128%, 87.9019607843%);fill:#ECECFF;}#mermaid-svg-FgAz7h2co36M7zdD text.actor>tspan{fill:black;stroke:none;}#mermaid-svg-FgAz7h2co36M7zdD .actor-line{stroke:hsl(259.6261682243, 59.7765363128%, 87.9019607843%);}#mermaid-svg-FgAz7h2co36M7zdD .innerArc{stroke-width:1.5;stroke-dasharray:none;}#mermaid-svg-FgAz7h2co36M7zdD .messageLine0{stroke-width:1.5;stroke-dasharray:none;stroke:#333;}#mermaid-svg-FgAz7h2co36M7zdD .messageLine1{stroke-width:1.5;stroke-dasharray:2,2;stroke:#333;}#mermaid-svg-FgAz7h2co36M7zdD #arrowhead path{fill:#333;stroke:#333;}#mermaid-svg-FgAz7h2co36M7zdD .sequenceNumber{fill:white;}#mermaid-svg-FgAz7h2co36M7zdD #sequencenumber{fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-FgAz7h2co36M7zdD #crosshead path{fill:#333;stroke:#333;}#mermaid-svg-FgAz7h2co36M7zdD .messageText{fill:#333;stroke:none;}#mermaid-svg-FgAz7h2co36M7zdD .labelBox{stroke:hsl(259.6261682243, 59.7765363128%, 87.9019607843%);fill:#ECECFF;}#mermaid-svg-FgAz7h2co36M7zdD .labelText,#mermaid-svg-FgAz7h2co36M7zdD .labelText>tspan{fill:black;stroke:none;}#mermaid-svg-FgAz7h2co36M7zdD .loopText,#mermaid-svg-FgAz7h2co36M7zdD .loopText>tspan{fill:black;stroke:none;}#mermaid-svg-FgAz7h2co36M7zdD .loopLine{stroke-width:2px;stroke-dasharray:2,2;stroke:hsl(259.6261682243, 59.7765363128%, 87.9019607843%);fill:hsl(259.6261682243, 59.7765363128%, 87.9019607843%);}#mermaid-svg-FgAz7h2co36M7zdD .note{stroke:#aaaa33;fill:#fff5ad;}#mermaid-svg-FgAz7h2co36M7zdD .noteText,#mermaid-svg-FgAz7h2co36M7zdD .noteText>tspan{fill:black;stroke:none;}#mermaid-svg-FgAz7h2co36M7zdD .activation0{fill:#f4f4f4;stroke:#666;}#mermaid-svg-FgAz7h2co36M7zdD .activation1{fill:#f4f4f4;stroke:#666;}#mermaid-svg-FgAz7h2co36M7zdD .activation2{fill:#f4f4f4;stroke:#666;}#mermaid-svg-FgAz7h2co36M7zdD .actorPopupMenu{position:absolute;}#mermaid-svg-FgAz7h2co36M7zdD .actorPopupMenuPanel{position:absolute;fill:#ECECFF;box-shadow:0px 8px 16px 0px rgba(0,0,0,0.2);filter:drop-shadow(3px 5px 2px rgb(0 0 0 / 0.4));}#mermaid-svg-FgAz7h2co36M7zdD .actor-man line{stroke:hsl(259.6261682243, 59.7765363128%, 87.9019607843%);fill:#ECECFF;}#mermaid-svg-FgAz7h2co36M7zdD .actor-man circle,#mermaid-svg-FgAz7h2co36M7zdD line{stroke:hsl(259.6261682243, 59.7765363128%, 87.9019607843%);fill:#ECECFF;stroke-width:2px;}#mermaid-svg-FgAz7h2co36M7zdD :root{--mermaid-font-family:"trebuchet ms",verdana,arial,sans-serif;} 发布任务 发布任务 发布任务 投标 投标 投标 选择中标者 授予合同 拒绝 拒绝

Python示例：契约网协议实现

python 复制代码 
from typing import List, Dict, Any, Optional

class ContractNetProtocol:
    def __init__(self):
        self.managers = {}
        self.bidders = {}
    
    def register_manager(self, manager_id: str):
        self.managers[manager_id] = {"tasks": [], "auctions": {}}
    
    def register_bidder(self, bidder_id: str, capabilities: List[str]):
        self.bidders[bidder_id] = {"capabilities": capabilities, "bids": []}
    
    def announce_task(self, manager_id: str, task: Dict[str, Any]):
        if manager_id not in self.managers:
            return
        
        task_id = task["task_id"]
        self.managers[manager_id]["auctions"][task_id] = {
            "task": task,
            "bids": []
        }
        
        for bidder_id, info in self.bidders.items():
            if any(cap in task.get("requirements", []) for cap in info["capabilities"]):
                self._notify_bidder(bidder_id, task)
    
    def _notify_bidder(self, bidder_id: str, task: Dict[str, Any]):
        pass
    
    def submit_bid(self, bidder_id: str, task_id: str, bid: Dict[str, Any]):
        for manager_info in self.managers.values():
            if task_id in manager_info["auctions"]:
                manager_info["auctions"][task_id]["bids"].append({
                    "bidder_id": bidder_id,
                    **bid
                })
    
    def select_winner(self, manager_id: str, task_id: str) -> Optional[str]:
        if manager_id not in self.managers:
            return None
        
        auction = self.managers[manager_id]["auctions"].get(task_id)
        if not auction or not auction["bids"]:
            return None
        
        bids = auction["bids"]
        winner = min(bids, key=lambda x: x.get("cost", float('inf')))
        return winner["bidder_id"]

2.2 市场机制

Python示例：拍卖机制

python 复制代码 
class AuctionSystem:
    def __init__(self):
        self.auctions = {}
    
    def create_auction(self, item_id: str, reserve_price: float = 0):
        self.auctions[item_id] = {
            "reserve_price": reserve_price,
            "bids": [],
            "status": "open"
        }
    
    def place_bid(self, item_id: str, bidder_id: str, price: float):
        if item_id not in self.auctions or self.auctions[item_id]["status"] != "open":
            return False
        
        self.auctions[item_id]["bids"].append({
            "bidder_id": bidder_id,
            "price": price,
            "timestamp": datetime.now()
        })
        return True
    
    def close_auction(self, item_id: str) -> Optional[Dict[str, Any]]:
        if item_id not in self.auctions:
            return None
        
        auction = self.auctions[item_id]
        auction["status"] = "closed"
        
        bids = auction["bids"]
        if not bids:
            return None
        
        bids.sort(key=lambda x: x["price"], reverse=True)
        highest_bid = bids[0]
        
        if highest_bid["price"] >= auction["reserve_price"]:
            return highest_bid
        return None

三、任务分配策略

3.1 任务分配算法

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任务分析
Agent能力评估
分配策略
执行分配
贪心算法
遗传算法
拍卖机制

3.2 贪心分配算法

Python示例：任务分配

python 复制代码 
from typing import List, Dict, Any, Tuple

class TaskAllocator:
    def __init__(self):
        self.agents = {}
    
    def register_agent(self, agent_id: str, capabilities: Dict[str, float]):
        self.agents[agent_id] = {
            "capabilities": capabilities,
            "load": 0
        }
    
    def calculate_fitness(self, agent_id: str, task_requirements: Dict[str, float]) -> float:
        agent = self.agents.get(agent_id)
        if not agent:
            return 0.0
        
        score = 0.0
        total_requirements = sum(task_requirements.values())
        
        for skill, required in task_requirements.items():
            if skill in agent["capabilities"]:
                score += min(agent["capabilities"][skill], required)
        
        if total_requirements > 0:
            score /= total_requirements
        
        load_penalty = agent["load"] / 10.0
        return score - load_penalty
    
    def allocate(self, task: Dict[str, Any]) -> Optional[str]:
        requirements = task.get("requirements", {})
        
        if not self.agents:
            return None
        
        best_agent = None
        best_fitness = -float('inf')
        
        for agent_id in self.agents:
            fitness = self.calculate_fitness(agent_id, requirements)
            if fitness > best_fitness:
                best_fitness = fitness
                best_agent = agent_id
        
        if best_agent:
            self.agents[best_agent]["load"] += 1
        
        return best_agent
    
    def deallocate(self, agent_id: str):
        if agent_id in self.agents and self.agents[agent_id]["load"] > 0:
            self.agents[agent_id]["load"] -= 1

四、冲突解决

4.1 冲突类型

#mermaid-svg-vsW7cU565haVp2zf{font-family:"trebuchet ms",verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;fill:#333;}@keyframes edge-animation-frame{from{stroke-dashoffset:0;}}@keyframes dash{to{stroke-dashoffset:0;}}#mermaid-svg-vsW7cU565haVp2zf .edge-animation-slow{stroke-dasharray:9,5!important;stroke-dashoffset:900;animation:dash 50s linear infinite;stroke-linecap:round;}#mermaid-svg-vsW7cU565haVp2zf .edge-animation-fast{stroke-dasharray:9,5!important;stroke-dashoffset:900;animation:dash 20s linear infinite;stroke-linecap:round;}#mermaid-svg-vsW7cU565haVp2zf .error-icon{fill:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-vsW7cU565haVp2zf .error-text{fill:#552222;stroke:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-vsW7cU565haVp2zf .edge-thickness-normal{stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-vsW7cU565haVp2zf .edge-thickness-thick{stroke-width:3.5px;}#mermaid-svg-vsW7cU565haVp2zf .edge-pattern-solid{stroke-dasharray:0;}#mermaid-svg-vsW7cU565haVp2zf .edge-thickness-invisible{stroke-width:0;fill:none;}#mermaid-svg-vsW7cU565haVp2zf .edge-pattern-dashed{stroke-dasharray:3;}#mermaid-svg-vsW7cU565haVp2zf .edge-pattern-dotted{stroke-dasharray:2;}#mermaid-svg-vsW7cU565haVp2zf .marker{fill:#333333;stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-vsW7cU565haVp2zf .marker.cross{stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-vsW7cU565haVp2zf svg{font-family:"trebuchet ms",verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;}#mermaid-svg-vsW7cU565haVp2zf p{margin:0;}#mermaid-svg-vsW7cU565haVp2zf .label{font-family:"trebuchet ms",verdana,arial,sans-serif;color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-vsW7cU565haVp2zf .cluster-label text{fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-vsW7cU565haVp2zf .cluster-label span{color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-vsW7cU565haVp2zf .cluster-label span p{background-color:transparent;}#mermaid-svg-vsW7cU565haVp2zf .label text,#mermaid-svg-vsW7cU565haVp2zf span{fill:#333;color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-vsW7cU565haVp2zf .node rect,#mermaid-svg-vsW7cU565haVp2zf .node circle,#mermaid-svg-vsW7cU565haVp2zf .node ellipse,#mermaid-svg-vsW7cU565haVp2zf .node polygon,#mermaid-svg-vsW7cU565haVp2zf .node path{fill:#ECECFF;stroke:#9370DB;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-vsW7cU565haVp2zf .rough-node .label text,#mermaid-svg-vsW7cU565haVp2zf .node .label text,#mermaid-svg-vsW7cU565haVp2zf .image-shape .label,#mermaid-svg-vsW7cU565haVp2zf .icon-shape .label{text-anchor:middle;}#mermaid-svg-vsW7cU565haVp2zf .node .katex path{fill:#000;stroke:#000;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-vsW7cU565haVp2zf .rough-node .label,#mermaid-svg-vsW7cU565haVp2zf .node .label,#mermaid-svg-vsW7cU565haVp2zf .image-shape .label,#mermaid-svg-vsW7cU565haVp2zf .icon-shape .label{text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-vsW7cU565haVp2zf .node.clickable{cursor:pointer;}#mermaid-svg-vsW7cU565haVp2zf .root .anchor path{fill:#333333!important;stroke-width:0;stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-vsW7cU565haVp2zf .arrowheadPath{fill:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-vsW7cU565haVp2zf .edgePath .path{stroke:#333333;stroke-width:2.0px;}#mermaid-svg-vsW7cU565haVp2zf .flowchart-link{stroke:#333333;fill:none;}#mermaid-svg-vsW7cU565haVp2zf .edgeLabel{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-vsW7cU565haVp2zf .edgeLabel p{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);}#mermaid-svg-vsW7cU565haVp2zf .edgeLabel rect{opacity:0.5;background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);fill:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);}#mermaid-svg-vsW7cU565haVp2zf .labelBkg{background-color:rgba(232, 232, 232, 0.5);}#mermaid-svg-vsW7cU565haVp2zf .cluster rect{fill:#ffffde;stroke:#aaaa33;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-vsW7cU565haVp2zf .cluster text{fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-vsW7cU565haVp2zf .cluster span{color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-vsW7cU565haVp2zf div.mermaidTooltip{position:absolute;text-align:center;max-width:200px;padding:2px;font-family:"trebuchet ms",verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:12px;background:hsl(80, 100%, 96.2745098039%);border:1px solid #aaaa33;border-radius:2px;pointer-events:none;z-index:100;}#mermaid-svg-vsW7cU565haVp2zf .flowchartTitleText{text-anchor:middle;font-size:18px;fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-vsW7cU565haVp2zf rect.text{fill:none;stroke-width:0;}#mermaid-svg-vsW7cU565haVp2zf .icon-shape,#mermaid-svg-vsW7cU565haVp2zf .image-shape{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-vsW7cU565haVp2zf .icon-shape p,#mermaid-svg-vsW7cU565haVp2zf .image-shape p{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);padding:2px;}#mermaid-svg-vsW7cU565haVp2zf .icon-shape .label rect,#mermaid-svg-vsW7cU565haVp2zf .image-shape .label rect{opacity:0.5;background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);fill:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);}#mermaid-svg-vsW7cU565haVp2zf .label-icon{display:inline-block;height:1em;overflow:visible;vertical-align:-0.125em;}#mermaid-svg-vsW7cU565haVp2zf .node .label-icon path{fill:currentColor;stroke:revert;stroke-width:revert;}#mermaid-svg-vsW7cU565haVp2zf :root{--mermaid-font-family:"trebuchet ms",verdana,arial,sans-serif;} 冲突类型
资源冲突
目标冲突
通信冲突
认知冲突
资源竞争
资源依赖
目标不一致
优先级冲突
消息冲突
协议冲突
信念冲突
观点冲突

4.2 冲突解决策略

Python示例：冲突解决

python 复制代码 
from typing import List, Dict, Any

class ConflictResolver:
    def __init__(self):
        self.resolution_strategies = {
            "priority": self._resolve_by_priority,
            "random": self._resolve_randomly,
            "negotiation": self._resolve_by_negotiation
        }
    
    def _resolve_by_priority(self, agents: List[str], conflict: Dict[str, Any]) -> str:
        priorities = conflict.get("priorities", {})
        return max(agents, key=lambda a: priorities.get(a, 0))
    
    def _resolve_randomly(self, agents: List[str], conflict: Dict[str, Any]) -> str:
        import random
        return random.choice(agents)
    
    def _resolve_by_negotiation(self, agents: List[str], conflict: Dict[str, Any]) -> str:
        proposals = conflict.get("proposals", {})
        best_proposal = max(proposals.items(), key=lambda x: x[1].get("benefit", 0))
        return best_proposal[0]
    
    def resolve(self, conflict: Dict[str, Any]) -> str:
        agents = conflict.get("agents", [])
        strategy = conflict.get("strategy", "priority")
        
        if strategy not in self.resolution_strategies:
            strategy = "priority"
        
        return self.resolution_strategies[strategy](agents, conflict)

五、协同通信协议

5.1 通信协议设计

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消息格式
通信模式
协议栈
结构化消息
序列化
同步通信
异步通信
广播通信
应用层
传输层
网络层

5.2 组播通信

Python示例：组播通信

python 复制代码 
class MulticastCommunicator:
    def __init__(self):
        self.groups = {}
    
    def create_group(self, group_id: str):
        if group_id not in self.groups:
            self.groups[group_id] = {"members": set(), "messages": []}
    
    def join_group(self, group_id: str, agent_id: str):
        if group_id in self.groups:
            self.groups[group_id]["members"].add(agent_id)
    
    def leave_group(self, group_id: str, agent_id: str):
        if group_id in self.groups:
            self.groups[group_id]["members"].discard(agent_id)
    
    def send_to_group(self, group_id: str, message: Dict[str, Any], sender_id: str):
        if group_id not in self.groups:
            return
        
        message_data = {
            "sender_id": sender_id,
            "content": message,
            "timestamp": datetime.now().isoformat()
        }
        
        self.groups[group_id]["messages"].append(message_data)
        
        for member_id in self.groups[group_id]["members"]:
            if member_id != sender_id:
                self._deliver_message(member_id, message_data)
    
    def _deliver_message(self, agent_id: str, message: Dict[str, Any]):
        pass
    
    def get_messages(self, group_id: str, agent_id: str) -> List[Dict[str, Any]]:
        if group_id not in self.groups:
            return []
        
        return self.groups[group_id]["messages"]

六、协同案例：多Agent任务执行

6.1 协同流程

Agent3 Agent2 Agent1 协调器 用户 Agent3 Agent2 Agent1 协调器 用户 #mermaid-svg-2SO5EGoJrNVyCTD9{font-family:"trebuchet ms",verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;fill:#333;}@keyframes edge-animation-frame{from{stroke-dashoffset:0;}}@keyframes dash{to{stroke-dashoffset:0;}}#mermaid-svg-2SO5EGoJrNVyCTD9 .edge-animation-slow{stroke-dasharray:9,5!important;stroke-dashoffset:900;animation:dash 50s linear infinite;stroke-linecap:round;}#mermaid-svg-2SO5EGoJrNVyCTD9 .edge-animation-fast{stroke-dasharray:9,5!important;stroke-dashoffset:900;animation:dash 20s linear infinite;stroke-linecap:round;}#mermaid-svg-2SO5EGoJrNVyCTD9 .error-icon{fill:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-2SO5EGoJrNVyCTD9 .error-text{fill:#552222;stroke:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-2SO5EGoJrNVyCTD9 .edge-thickness-normal{stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-2SO5EGoJrNVyCTD9 .edge-thickness-thick{stroke-width:3.5px;}#mermaid-svg-2SO5EGoJrNVyCTD9 .edge-pattern-solid{stroke-dasharray:0;}#mermaid-svg-2SO5EGoJrNVyCTD9 .edge-thickness-invisible{stroke-width:0;fill:none;}#mermaid-svg-2SO5EGoJrNVyCTD9 .edge-pattern-dashed{stroke-dasharray:3;}#mermaid-svg-2SO5EGoJrNVyCTD9 .edge-pattern-dotted{stroke-dasharray:2;}#mermaid-svg-2SO5EGoJrNVyCTD9 .marker{fill:#333333;stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-2SO5EGoJrNVyCTD9 .marker.cross{stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-2SO5EGoJrNVyCTD9 svg{font-family:"trebuchet ms",verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;}#mermaid-svg-2SO5EGoJrNVyCTD9 p{margin:0;}#mermaid-svg-2SO5EGoJrNVyCTD9 .actor{stroke:hsl(259.6261682243, 59.7765363128%, 87.9019607843%);fill:#ECECFF;}#mermaid-svg-2SO5EGoJrNVyCTD9 text.actor>tspan{fill:black;stroke:none;}#mermaid-svg-2SO5EGoJrNVyCTD9 .actor-line{stroke:hsl(259.6261682243, 59.7765363128%, 87.9019607843%);}#mermaid-svg-2SO5EGoJrNVyCTD9 .innerArc{stroke-width:1.5;stroke-dasharray:none;}#mermaid-svg-2SO5EGoJrNVyCTD9 .messageLine0{stroke-width:1.5;stroke-dasharray:none;stroke:#333;}#mermaid-svg-2SO5EGoJrNVyCTD9 .messageLine1{stroke-width:1.5;stroke-dasharray:2,2;stroke:#333;}#mermaid-svg-2SO5EGoJrNVyCTD9 #arrowhead path{fill:#333;stroke:#333;}#mermaid-svg-2SO5EGoJrNVyCTD9 .sequenceNumber{fill:white;}#mermaid-svg-2SO5EGoJrNVyCTD9 #sequencenumber{fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-2SO5EGoJrNVyCTD9 #crosshead path{fill:#333;stroke:#333;}#mermaid-svg-2SO5EGoJrNVyCTD9 .messageText{fill:#333;stroke:none;}#mermaid-svg-2SO5EGoJrNVyCTD9 .labelBox{stroke:hsl(259.6261682243, 59.7765363128%, 87.9019607843%);fill:#ECECFF;}#mermaid-svg-2SO5EGoJrNVyCTD9 .labelText,#mermaid-svg-2SO5EGoJrNVyCTD9 .labelText>tspan{fill:black;stroke:none;}#mermaid-svg-2SO5EGoJrNVyCTD9 .loopText,#mermaid-svg-2SO5EGoJrNVyCTD9 .loopText>tspan{fill:black;stroke:none;}#mermaid-svg-2SO5EGoJrNVyCTD9 .loopLine{stroke-width:2px;stroke-dasharray:2,2;stroke:hsl(259.6261682243, 59.7765363128%, 87.9019607843%);fill:hsl(259.6261682243, 59.7765363128%, 87.9019607843%);}#mermaid-svg-2SO5EGoJrNVyCTD9 .note{stroke:#aaaa33;fill:#fff5ad;}#mermaid-svg-2SO5EGoJrNVyCTD9 .noteText,#mermaid-svg-2SO5EGoJrNVyCTD9 .noteText>tspan{fill:black;stroke:none;}#mermaid-svg-2SO5EGoJrNVyCTD9 .activation0{fill:#f4f4f4;stroke:#666;}#mermaid-svg-2SO5EGoJrNVyCTD9 .activation1{fill:#f4f4f4;stroke:#666;}#mermaid-svg-2SO5EGoJrNVyCTD9 .activation2{fill:#f4f4f4;stroke:#666;}#mermaid-svg-2SO5EGoJrNVyCTD9 .actorPopupMenu{position:absolute;}#mermaid-svg-2SO5EGoJrNVyCTD9 .actorPopupMenuPanel{position:absolute;fill:#ECECFF;box-shadow:0px 8px 16px 0px rgba(0,0,0,0.2);filter:drop-shadow(3px 5px 2px rgb(0 0 0 / 0.4));}#mermaid-svg-2SO5EGoJrNVyCTD9 .actor-man line{stroke:hsl(259.6261682243, 59.7765363128%, 87.9019607843%);fill:#ECECFF;}#mermaid-svg-2SO5EGoJrNVyCTD9 .actor-man circle,#mermaid-svg-2SO5EGoJrNVyCTD9 line{stroke:hsl(259.6261682243, 59.7765363128%, 87.9019607843%);fill:#ECECFF;stroke-width:2px;}#mermaid-svg-2SO5EGoJrNVyCTD9 :root{--mermaid-font-family:"trebuchet ms",verdana,arial,sans-serif;} 复杂任务请求 任务分解 子任务1 子任务2 子任务3 执行子任务1 执行子任务2 执行子任务3 子任务1完成 子任务2完成 子任务3完成 结果汇总 任务完成

6.2 代码示例：任务协调器

python 复制代码 
class TaskCoordinator:
    def __init__(self):
        self.agents = {}
        self.tasks = {}
    
    def register_agent(self, agent_id: str, capabilities: List[str]):
        self.agents[agent_id] = {
            "capabilities": capabilities,
            "status": "idle"
        }
    
    def decompose_task(self, task: Dict[str, Any]) -> List[Dict[str, Any]]:
        return [
            {"subtask_id": f"{task['task_id']}-1", "requirements": ["analysis"]},
            {"subtask_id": f"{task['task_id']}-2", "requirements": ["computation"]},
            {"subtask_id": f"{task['task_id']}-3", "requirements": ["summary"]}
        ]
    
    def assign_subtasks(self, task: Dict[str, Any]):
        subtasks = self.decompose_task(task)
        self.tasks[task["task_id"]] = {
            "subtasks": subtasks,
            "completed": [],
            "status": "in_progress"
        }
        
        for subtask in subtasks:
            for agent_id, info in self.agents.items():
                if info["status"] == "idle":
                    if any(cap in subtask["requirements"] for cap in info["capabilities"]):
                        info["status"] = "busy"
                        self._assign_to_agent(agent_id, subtask)
                        break
    
    def _assign_to_agent(self, agent_id: str, subtask: Dict[str, Any]):
        pass
    
    def mark_complete(self, task_id: str, subtask_id: str):
        if task_id in self.tasks:
            self.tasks[task_id]["completed"].append(subtask_id)
            
            if len(self.tasks[task_id]["completed"]) == len(self.tasks[task_id]["subtasks"]):
                self.tasks[task_id]["status"] = "completed"

七、总结与下一步

7.1 本文总结

本文介绍了多Agent系统的协同机制：

  1. 协同模式：集中式、分布式、混合式
  2. 协同算法：契约网协议、拍卖机制
  3. 任务分配：贪心算法、能力匹配
  4. 冲突解决：优先级、协商、随机
  5. 通信协议：组播、广播

7.2 下一步

下一篇文章将介绍Agent的情感与社交能力。

上一篇：第11篇：复杂Agent系统架构设计

下一篇：第13篇：Agent的情感与社交能力

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