OceanBase 日常运维命令 200 条

说明：以下命令默认在 sys 租户 执行，系统视图均带 oceanbase. 前缀；在业务租户内可省略前缀。:xxx 为占位符，请替换为实际值。除特别标注外，语法以 OceanBase 4.x 为准，3.x 差异已在条目中注明。命令中标注「MySQL 租户 / Oracle 租户」的需在对应兼容模式租户内执行。

一、连接与基础环境（1--12）

obclient -h<OBProxy_IP> -P2883 -uroot@sys -p -c -A oceanbase ------ 通过 OBProxy 连接 sys 租户
obclient -h<OBProxy_IP> -P2883 -u<user>@<tenant>#<cluster> -p -c -A ------ 通过 OBProxy 连接业务租户
obclient -h<OBServer_IP> -P2881 -uroot@sys -p -Doceanbase ------ 直连 OBServer
obd cluster list ------ 查看本机纳管集群列表
obd cluster display <cluster_name> ------ 查看集群各节点运行状态
obd cluster tenant show <cluster_name> -g ------ 查看集群内租户及资源
obd cluster edit-config <cluster_name> ------ 查看/编辑集群部署配置
obd cluster start <cluster_name> ------ 启动集群
obd cluster stop <cluster_name> ------ 停止集群
obd cluster restart <cluster_name> ------ 重启集群
SELECT BANNER FROM V$VERSION; ------ 查看版本（Oracle 租户）
SELECT VERSION(); ------ 查看版本（MySQL 租户）

二、集群与节点巡检（13--32）

SELECT * FROM oceanbase.DBA_OB_ZONES; ------ 查看 Zone 列表与状态
SELECT * FROM oceanbase.DBA_OB_SERVERS; ------ 查看 OBServer 节点列表
SELECT SVR_IP,SVR_PORT,ZONE,WITH_ROLE,STATUS,START_SERVICE_TIME,STOP_TIME FROM oceanbase.DBA_OB_SERVERS; ------ 节点角色与服务状态
SELECT SVR_IP,SVR_PORT,ZONE,CPU_CAPACITY,CPU_ASSIGNED,CPU_ASSIGNED_MAX,MEM_CAPACITY,MEM_ASSIGNED,MEM_LIMIT,DATA_DISK_CAPACITY,DATA_DISK_IN_USE,LOG_DISK_CAPACITY,LOG_DISK_IN_USE FROM oceanbase.GV$OB_SERVERS; ------ 节点资源总量与分配
SELECT SVR_IP,SVR_PORT,HEARTBEAT_STATUS FROM oceanbase.__all_virtual_server_stat; ------ 节点心跳状态
SELECT * FROM oceanbase.DBA_OB_ROOTSERVICE_EVENT_HISTORY ORDER BY TIMESTAMP DESC LIMIT 50; ------ RootService 事件
SELECT * FROM oceanbase.DBA_OB_SERVER_EVENT_HISTORY ORDER BY TIMESTAMP DESC LIMIT 50; ------ 节点事件
SELECT * FROM oceanbase.DBA_OB_SERVER_JOBS; ------ 节点后台任务
SELECT SVR_IP,SVR_PORT,ROUND(DATA_DISK_IN_USE/DATA_DISK_CAPACITY*100,2) DATA_PCT,ROUND(LOG_DISK_IN_USE/LOG_DISK_CAPACITY*100,2) LOG_PCT FROM oceanbase.GV$OB_SERVERS; ------ 数据盘/日志盘使用率
SELECT SVR_IP,SVR_PORT,CPU_CAPACITY,CPU_ASSIGNED,ROUND(CPU_ASSIGNED/CPU_CAPACITY*100,2) CPU_PCT FROM oceanbase.GV$OB_SERVERS; ------ CPU 分配率
SELECT SVR_IP,SVR_PORT,MEM_CAPACITY,MEM_ASSIGNED,MEM_LIMIT,ROUND(MEM_ASSIGNED/MEM_CAPACITY*100,2) MEM_PCT FROM oceanbase.GV$OB_SERVERS; ------ 内存分配率
SHOW PARAMETERS LIKE '%datafile%'; ------ 数据文件相关参数
SELECT * FROM oceanbase.GV$OB_PARAMETERS WHERE NAME IN ('datafile_size','datafile_next','datafile_maxsize'); ------ 数据文件扩容配置
SELECT * FROM oceanbase.DBA_OB_UNITS; ------ 资源单元列表
SELECT * FROM oceanbase.GV$OB_UNITS; ------ 各节点资源单元明细
SELECT UNIT_ID,TENANT_ID,SVR_IP,SVR_PORT,ZONE,STATUS,MAX_CPU,MIN_CPU,MAX_MEMORY,MIN_MEMORY FROM oceanbase.DBA_OB_UNITS; ------ 资源单元规格
SELECT * FROM oceanbase.DBA_OB_TENANTS; ------ 租户列表
SELECT TENANT_ID,TENANT_NAME,TENANT_TYPE,COMPATIBILITY_MODE,STATUS,LOCALITY,PRIMARY_ZONE FROM oceanbase.DBA_OB_TENANTS; ------ 租户关键属性
SELECT * FROM oceanbase.DBA_OB_TABLEGROUPS; ------ 表组列表
SELECT * FROM oceanbase.DBA_OB_TABLEGROUP_TABLES; ------ 表组内表清单

三、租户与资源（33--45）

SELECT TENANT_ID,TENANT_NAME,STATUS,COMPATIBILITY_MODE FROM oceanbase.DBA_OB_TENANTS WHERE TENANT_TYPE='USER'; ------ 业务租户状态
SELECT * FROM oceanbase.GV$OB_TENANT_MEMORY; ------ 租户内存汇总
SELECT TENANT_ID,SVR_IP,SVR_PORT,ROUND(SUM(HOLD)/1024/1024/1024,2) HOLD_GB,ROUND(SUM(USED)/1024/1024/1024,2) USED_GB FROM oceanbase.GV$OB_MEMORY GROUP BY TENANT_ID,SVR_IP,SVR_PORT; ------ 租户内存占用
SELECT * FROM oceanbase.GV$OB_MEMORY WHERE TENANT_ID=:tenant_id ORDER BY USED DESC LIMIT 20; ------ 租户内存模块 Top20
SELECT * FROM oceanbase.GV$OB_SQL_WORKAREA_MEMORY_INFO ORDER BY MAX_MEM_USED DESC LIMIT 20; ------ SQL 工作区内存
SELECT * FROM oceanbase.DBA_OB_TENANT_JOBS ORDER BY START_TIME DESC LIMIT 50; ------ 租户级任务
SELECT * FROM oceanbase.DBA_OB_TENANT_EVENT_HISTORY ORDER BY TIMESTAMP DESC LIMIT 50; ------ 租户事件历史
ALTER RESOURCE UNIT <unit_name> MAX_CPU=4, MIN_CPU=2, MEMORY_SIZE='8G'; ------ 调整资源单元规格
CREATE RESOURCE UNIT <unit_name> MAX_CPU=4, MIN_CPU=2, MEMORY_SIZE='8G', LOG_DISK_SIZE='10G'; ------ 创建资源单元
CREATE RESOURCE POOL <pool_name> UNIT='<unit_name>', UNIT_NUM=1, ZONE_LIST=('zone1','zone2','zone3'); ------ 创建资源池
CREATE TENANT <tenant_name> RESOURCE_POOL_LIST=('<pool_name>') SET ob_compatibility_mode='mysql'; ------ 创建租户
ALTER TENANT <tenant_name> SET VARIABLES ob_tcp_invited_nodes='%'; ------ 放开租户访问白名单
DROP TENANT <tenant_name>; ------ 删除租户（需先确认无业务）

四、副本、日志流与 Paxos（46--62）

SELECT * FROM oceanbase.DBA_OB_LS; ------ 日志流列表
SELECT * FROM oceanbase.DBA_OB_LS WHERE STATUS<>'NORMAL'; ------ 异常日志流
SELECT * FROM oceanbase.DBA_OB_LS_LOCATIONS; ------ 日志流副本分布
SELECT * FROM oceanbase.CDB_OB_LS_LOCATIONS; ------ 全租户副本分布
SELECT * FROM oceanbase.DBA_OB_LS_LOCATIONS WHERE LS_ID=:ls_id; ------ 指定日志流副本
SELECT * FROM oceanbase.GV$OB_LOG_STAT WHERE TENANT_ID=:tenant_id; ------ 日志同步统计
SELECT TENANT_ID,LS_ID,SVR_IP,SVR_PORT,ROLE,IN_SYNC,PAXOS_REPLICA_NUM,END_SCN,MAX_SCN FROM oceanbase.GV$OB_LOG_STAT WHERE TENANT_ID=:tenant_id ORDER BY LS_ID; ------ 副本角色与位点
SELECT TENANT_ID,LS_ID,SVR_IP,SVR_PORT,ROLE,IN_SYNC FROM oceanbase.GV$OB_LOG_STAT WHERE TENANT_ID=:tenant_id AND IN_SYNC<>'YES'; ------ 未同步副本
SELECT * FROM oceanbase.DBA_OB_LS_REPLICA_TASKS; ------ 副本任务（迁移/重建）
SELECT * FROM oceanbase.DBA_OB_LS_REPLICA_TASK_HISTORY ORDER BY CREATE_TIME DESC LIMIT 50; ------ 副本任务历史
SELECT * FROM oceanbase.DBA_OB_TABLE_LOCATIONS WHERE TABLE_NAME=:table_name; ------ 表/分区副本位置
SELECT * FROM oceanbase.DBA_OB_TABLE_LOCATIONS WHERE TABLE_ID=:table_id; ------ 按 Table ID 查副本
ALTER SYSTEM SWITCH REPLICA LEADER LS=:ls_id SERVER='<ip>:<port>'; ------ 切换日志流 Leader
ALTER SYSTEM SWITCH REPLICA LEADER TENANT=<tenant_name> LS=:ls_id SERVER='<ip>:<port>'; ------ 指定租户切主
ALTER SYSTEM ADD REPLICA LS=:ls_id SERVER='<ip>:<port>' PAXOS_REPLICA_NUM=3; ------ 增加副本
ALTER SYSTEM REMOVE REPLICA LS=:ls_id SERVER='<ip>:<port>'; ------ 删除副本
ALTER SYSTEM CANCEL MIGRATE UNIT <unit_id>; ------ 取消资源单元迁移

五、合并与转储（63--78）

SELECT * FROM oceanbase.DBA_OB_FREEZE_INFO ORDER BY FROZEN_SCN DESC LIMIT 20; ------ 冻结（转储）信息
SELECT * FROM oceanbase.GV$OB_MEMSTORE; ------ MemStore 内存占用
SELECT * FROM oceanbase.GV$OB_MEMSTORE_INFO; ------ MemStore 明细
SELECT * FROM oceanbase.DBA_OB_MAJOR_COMPACTION; ------ 合并进度
SELECT * FROM oceanbase.GV$OB_COMPACTION_PROGRESS; ------ 合并进度明细
SELECT * FROM oceanbase.GV$OB_COMPACTION_DIAGNOSE_INFO; ------ 合并诊断信息
SELECT * FROM oceanbase.GV$OB_COMPACTION_SUGGESTIONS; ------ 合并建议
SELECT * FROM oceanbase.GV$OB_TABLET_COMPACTION_HISTORY ORDER BY START_TIME DESC LIMIT 50; ------ Tablet 合并历史
SELECT * FROM oceanbase.GV$OB_SSTABLES ORDER BY SIZE DESC LIMIT 20; ------ SSTable 大小 Top20
ALTER SYSTEM MAJOR FREEZE; ------ 触发集群合并
ALTER SYSTEM MINOR FREEZE; ------ 触发转储
ALTER SYSTEM MAJOR FREEZE TENANT=<tenant_name>; ------ 指定租户合并
ALTER SYSTEM SET major_freeze_duty_time='02:00'; ------ 设置每日合并时间
ALTER SYSTEM SET enable_major_freeze='True'; ------ 开启自动合并
SELECT * FROM oceanbase.DBA_OB_MAJOR_COMPACTION WHERE TENANT_ID=:tenant_id; ------ 指定租户合并状态
SHOW PARAMETERS LIKE '%merge%'; ------ 合并相关参数

六、内存与缓存（79--92）

SELECT * FROM oceanbase.GV$OB_MEMORY ORDER BY USED DESC LIMIT 20; ------ 内存模块占用 Top20
SELECT TENANT_ID,CTX_NAME,MOD_NAME,ROUND(HOLD/1024/1024/1024,2) HOLD_GB,ROUND(USED/1024/1024/1024,2) USED_GB FROM oceanbase.GV$OB_MEMORY ORDER BY USED DESC LIMIT 30; ------ 内存模块明细
SELECT * FROM oceanbase.GV$OB_KVCACHE; ------ KVCache 使用情况
SELECT SVR_IP,SVR_PORT,CACHE_NAME,ROUND(CACHE_SIZE/1024/1024/1024,2) CACHE_GB,HIT_RATIO FROM oceanbase.GV$OB_KVCACHE; ------ 各缓存命中率
SELECT * FROM oceanbase.GV$OB_TENANT_MEMORY; ------ 租户内存上限与使用
SELECT * FROM oceanbase.GV$OB_SQL_WORKAREA_MEMORY_INFO WHERE TENANT_ID=:tenant_id; ------ 租户工作区内存
SHOW PARAMETERS LIKE 'memory_limit%'; ------ 内存上限参数
SHOW PARAMETERS LIKE '%memstore%'; ------ MemStore 相关参数
ALTER SYSTEM SET memory_limit='64G'; ------ 调整节点内存上限
ALTER SYSTEM SET system_memory='8G'; ------ 调整系统预留内存
ALTER SYSTEM SET memstore_limit_percentage=50; ------ MemStore 占比上限
ALTER SYSTEM SET freeze_trigger_percentage=30; ------ 冻结触发阈值
SELECT * FROM oceanbase.GV$OB_MEMSTORE WHERE TENANT_ID=:tenant_id; ------ 租户 MemStore 使用
ALTER SYSTEM SET writing_throttling_trigger_percentage=80; ------ 写入限流阈值

七、会话与连接（93--104）

SELECT * FROM oceanbase.GV$OB_PROCESSLIST LIMIT 50; ------ 当前会话列表
SELECT ID,USER,HOST,DB,TENANT,COMMAND,TIME,STATE,SQL_ID FROM oceanbase.GV$OB_PROCESSLIST WHERE COMMAND<>'Sleep' ORDER BY TIME DESC LIMIT 50; ------ 活跃会话
SELECT TENANT,COUNT(*) SESSION_CNT FROM oceanbase.GV$OB_PROCESSLIST GROUP BY TENANT; ------ 各租户连接数
SELECT * FROM oceanbase.GV$OB_SESSION LIMIT 50; ------ 会话统计信息
SELECT SVR_IP,SVR_PORT,COUNT(*) FROM oceanbase.GV$OB_PROCESSLIST GROUP BY SVR_IP,SVR_PORT; ------ 各节点连接数
SELECT * FROM oceanbase.GV$OB_PS_STAT; ------ Prepared Statement 统计
ALTER SYSTEM KILL SESSION '<svr_ip>:<svr_port>:<session_id>'; ------ 终止会话（OceanBase 通用）
KILL <session_id>; ------ 终止会话（MySQL 租户）
SELECT * FROM oceanbase.GV$OB_PROCESSLIST WHERE TIME>600 ORDER BY TIME DESC; ------ 长会话排查
SELECT * FROM oceanbase.GV$OB_PROCESSLIST WHERE USER=:user_name; ------ 指定用户会话
SHOW PROCESSLIST; ------ 查看会话（MySQL 租户）
SELECT * FROM oceanbase.GV$OB_PROCESSLIST WHERE STATE LIKE '%wait%'; ------ 等待中的会话

八、锁与事务（105--114）

SELECT * FROM oceanbase.GV$OB_LOCKS; ------ 当前锁信息
SELECT * FROM oceanbase.GV$OB_LOCKS WHERE BLOCK=1; ------ 阻塞中的锁
SELECT * FROM oceanbase.GV$OB_TRANSACTION_PARTICIPANTS; ------ 活跃事务参与者
SELECT * FROM oceanbase.GV$OB_TRANSACTION_PARTICIPANTS WHERE STATE<>'ACTIVE'; ------ 非活跃事务
SELECT TRANS_ID,COUNT(*) FROM oceanbase.GV$OB_TRANSACTION_PARTICIPANTS GROUP BY TRANS_ID; ------ 事务参与者数量
SELECT * FROM oceanbase.GV$OB_LOCKS WHERE SESSION_ID=:session_id; ------ 指定会话持有的锁
SELECT * FROM oceanbase.GV$OB_TRANSACTION_PARTICIPANTS WHERE TENANT_ID=:tenant_id AND SESSION_ID=:session_id; ------ 指定会话事务
SELECT * FROM oceanbase.GV$OB_TRANSACTION_PARTICIPANTS WHERE CTX_CREATE_TIME<DATE_SUB(NOW(),INTERVAL 10 MINUTE); ------ 长事务排查
SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'ob_trx_timeout'; ------ 事务超时参数
SET GLOBAL ob_trx_timeout=100000000; ------ 调整事务超时（微秒）

九、SQL 性能与执行计划（115--136）

SELECT * FROM oceanbase.GV$OB_SQL_AUDIT ORDER BY ELAPSED_TIME DESC LIMIT 20; ------ 最慢 SQL 明细
SELECT SQL_ID,COUNT(*) EXEC_CNT,ROUND(AVG(ELAPSED_TIME)/1000,2) AVG_MS,ROUND(MAX(ELAPSED_TIME)/1000,2) MAX_MS FROM oceanbase.GV$OB_SQL_AUDIT WHERE REQUEST_TIME>DATE_SUB(NOW(),INTERVAL 1 HOUR) GROUP BY SQL_ID ORDER BY AVG_MS DESC LIMIT 20; ------ 近 1 小时慢 SQL 聚合
SELECT * FROM oceanbase.GV$OB_SQL_AUDIT WHERE SQL_ID=:sql_id ORDER BY ELAPSED_TIME DESC LIMIT 10; ------ 指定 SQL 的执行记录
SELECT * FROM oceanbase.GV$OB_PLAN_CACHE_PLAN_STAT ORDER BY EXECUTIONS DESC LIMIT 20; ------ 计划缓存统计
SELECT * FROM oceanbase.GV$OB_PLAN_CACHE_PLAN_STAT WHERE SQL_ID=:sql_id; ------ 指定 SQL 的计划缓存
SELECT * FROM oceanbase.GV$OB_PLAN_CACHE_PLAN_EXPLAIN WHERE PLAN_ID=:plan_id AND SVR_IP=:svr_ip AND SVR_PORT=:svr_port; ------ 缓存计划执行树
EXPLAIN SELECT ...; ------ 查看执行计划
EXPLAIN EXTENDED SELECT ...; ------ 扩展执行计划（MySQL 租户）
SELECT * FROM oceanbase.GV$OB_SQL_PLAN WHERE SQL_ID=:sql_id; ------ 历史执行计划
SELECT * FROM oceanbase.DBA_SQL_PLAN_BASELINES; ------ SPM 计划基线
SELECT * FROM oceanbase.DBA_SQL_PLAN_BASELINES WHERE SQL_ID=:sql_id; ------ 指定 SQL 的基线
SELECT * FROM oceanbase.DBA_OB_OUTLINES; ------ Outline 规则
SELECT * FROM oceanbase.DBA_OB_OUTLINE_CONCURRENT_HISTORY ORDER BY CREATE_TIME DESC LIMIT 20; ------ Outline 变更历史
SELECT * FROM oceanbase.DBA_OB_CONCURRENT_LIMIT_SQL; ------ SQL 并发限流规则
ALTER SYSTEM FLUSH PLAN CACHE; ------ 清空计划缓存
ALTER SYSTEM FLUSH PLAN CACHE TENANT=<tenant_name>; ------ 清空指定租户计划缓存
ALTER SYSTEM FLUSH SQL AUDIT; ------ 清空 SQL 审计缓存
ALTER SYSTEM SET enable_sql_audit='True'; ------ 开启 SQL 审计
SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'ob_query_timeout'; ------ 查询超时参数
SET GLOBAL ob_query_timeout=10000000; ------ 调整查询超时（微秒）
SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'ob_sql_work_area_percentage'; ------ SQL 工作区占比
SELECT * FROM oceanbase.GV$OB_ACTIVE_SESSION_HISTORY WHERE SAMPLE_TIME>DATE_SUB(NOW(),INTERVAL 10 MINUTE) LIMIT 100; ------ 近 10 分钟 ASH 样本

十、等待事件与诊断（137--146）

SELECT EVENT,COUNT(*) CNT FROM oceanbase.GV$OB_ACTIVE_SESSION_HISTORY WHERE SAMPLE_TIME>DATE_SUB(NOW(),INTERVAL 10 MINUTE) GROUP BY EVENT ORDER BY CNT DESC; ------ 等待事件分布
SELECT SESSION_ID,EVENT,WAIT_CLASS,COUNT(*) CNT FROM oceanbase.GV$OB_ACTIVE_SESSION_HISTORY GROUP BY SESSION_ID,EVENT,WAIT_CLASS ORDER BY CNT DESC LIMIT 20; ------ 会话级等待 Top20
SELECT * FROM oceanbase.GV$OB_ACTIVE_SESSION_HISTORY WHERE SESSION_ID=:session_id; ------ 指定会话等待样本
SELECT SQL_ID,EVENT,COUNT(*) CNT FROM oceanbase.GV$OB_ACTIVE_SESSION_HISTORY WHERE SQL_ID IS NOT NULL GROUP BY SQL_ID,EVENT ORDER BY CNT DESC LIMIT 20; ------ SQL 级等待 Top20
SELECT * FROM oceanbase.GV$OB_SQL_AUDIT WHERE TOTAL_WAITS>0 ORDER BY TOTAL_WAIT_TIME_MICRO DESC LIMIT 20; ------ 累计等待最多的 SQL
SELECT last_trace_id(); ------ 获取当前会话 Trace ID
SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'ob_enable_trace_log'; ------ 查看 Trace 开关
SET ob_enable_trace_log=1; ------ 开启会话 Trace
SELECT * FROM oceanbase.GV$OB_SQL_AUDIT WHERE TRACE_ID=:trace_id; ------ 按 Trace ID 追踪 SQL
SHOW WARNINGS; ------ 查看最近告警信息

十一、表、分区与统计信息（147--158）

SELECT * FROM oceanbase.DBA_OB_TABLE_LOCATIONS WHERE TENANT_ID=:tenant_id LIMIT 50; ------ 表分布概览
SELECT TABLE_NAME,PARTITION_NAME,ROLE,ZONE,SVR_IP,SVR_PORT FROM oceanbase.DBA_OB_TABLE_LOCATIONS WHERE TABLE_NAME=:table_name; ------ 指定表分区副本
SELECT * FROM oceanbase.DBA_OB_TABLEGROUPS; ------ 表组信息
SELECT * FROM oceanbase.DBA_OB_TABLEGROUP_TABLES WHERE TABLEGROUP_NAME=:tg_name; ------ 表组成员
SHOW TABLES; ------ 查看当前库表
SHOW CREATE TABLE <table_name>; ------ 查看建表语句
SHOW TABLE STATUS LIKE '<table_name>'; ------ 表状态（MySQL 租户）
SELECT TABLE_SCHEMA,TABLE_NAME,TABLE_ROWS,DATA_LENGTH,INDEX_LENGTH FROM information_schema.TABLES WHERE TABLE_SCHEMA=:schema_name ORDER BY DATA_LENGTH DESC LIMIT 20; ------ 表容量 Top20
ANALYZE TABLE <table_name>; ------ 收集统计信息（MySQL 租户）
SHOW INDEX FROM <table_name>; ------ 查看索引
SELECT * FROM information_schema.STATISTICS WHERE TABLE_SCHEMA=:schema_name AND TABLE_NAME=:table_name; ------ 索引明细
SELECT * FROM information_schema.PARTITIONS WHERE TABLE_SCHEMA=:schema_name AND TABLE_NAME=:table_name; ------ 分区明细

十二、参数管理（159--166）

SHOW PARAMETERS; ------ 查看集群参数
SHOW PARAMETERS LIKE '%timeout%'; ------ 按名称过滤参数
SELECT * FROM oceanbase.GV$OB_PARAMETERS WHERE NAME=:param_name; ------ 指定参数在各节点取值
SELECT * FROM oceanbase.V$OB_PARAMETERS WHERE NAME=:param_name; ------ 当前节点参数取值
ALTER SYSTEM SET <param_name>=<value>; ------ 修改集群级参数
ALTER SYSTEM SET <param_name>=<value> TENANT=<tenant_name>; ------ 修改租户级参数
SHOW VARIABLES LIKE '%'; ------ 查看会话变量
SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'ob_%'; ------ 查看 OceanBase 扩展变量

十三、备份与恢复（167--187）

ALTER SYSTEM SET backup_dest='oss://<bucket>/<path>'; ------ 配置 OSS 备份路径
ALTER SYSTEM SET backup_dest='file:///obbackup'; ------ 配置本地/NFS 备份路径
ALTER SYSTEM SET backup_concurrency=4; ------ 设置备份并发度
ALTER SYSTEM SET backup_region='<region>'; ------ 设置备份区域
SELECT * FROM oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_PARAMETER; ------ 备份参数
SELECT * FROM oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_STORAGE_INFO; ------ 备份存储信息
ALTER SYSTEM BACKUP DATABASE; ------ 发起集群级全量备份
ALTER SYSTEM BACKUP TENANT <tenant_name>; ------ 发起租户级备份
ALTER SYSTEM BACKUP INCREMENTAL DATABASE; ------ 发起增量备份（3.x；4.x 增量随全量自动进行）
SELECT * FROM oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_JOBS ORDER BY JOB_ID DESC; ------ 备份作业
SELECT * FROM oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_TASKS ORDER BY JOB_ID DESC; ------ 备份子任务
SELECT * FROM oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_SET_FILES ORDER BY BACKUP_SET_ID DESC; ------ 备份集文件
SELECT * FROM oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_SET_FILES ORDER BY BACKUP_SET_ID DESC; ------ 全租户备份集
SELECT * FROM oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_JOB_HISTORY ORDER BY JOB_ID DESC LIMIT 50; ------ 备份作业历史
SELECT * FROM oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_TASK_HISTORY ORDER BY JOB_ID DESC LIMIT 50; ------ 备份任务历史
ALTER SYSTEM CANCEL BACKUP; ------ 取消集群备份
ALTER SYSTEM CANCEL BACKUP TENANT <tenant_name>; ------ 取消租户备份
SELECT * FROM oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_DELETE_POLICY; ------ 备份清理策略
ALTER SYSTEM SET backup_recovery_window='7d'; ------ 设置备份可恢复窗口
SELECT * FROM oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_DELETE_POLICY; ------ 全租户清理策略
ALTER SYSTEM RESTORE <dest_tenant> FROM <source_tenant> AT 'file:///obbackup/<path>' UNTIL '<timestamp>' WITH 'backup_set_id=<id>'; ------ 发起租户恢复

十四、归档（188--194）

ALTER SYSTEM SET log_archive_dest='file:///obarchive'; ------ 配置归档路径
ALTER SYSTEM ARCHIVELOG; ------ 开启归档模式
ALTER SYSTEM NOARCHIVELOG; ------ 关闭归档模式
SELECT * FROM oceanbase.DBA_OB_ARCHIVELOG; ------ 归档进度
SELECT * FROM oceanbase.DBA_OB_ARCHIVE_DEST; ------ 归档目标状态
SELECT * FROM oceanbase.DBA_OB_ARCHIVELOG_PIECE_FILES; ------ 归档 Piece 明细
SELECT * FROM oceanbase.DBA_OB_ARCHIVELOG_SUMMARY; ------ 归档汇总

十五、事件日志与告警（195--200）

SELECT * FROM oceanbase.DBA_OB_ROOTSERVICE_EVENT_HISTORY WHERE EVENT LIKE '%error%' ORDER BY TIMESTAMP DESC LIMIT 50; ------ RootService 异常事件
SELECT * FROM oceanbase.DBA_OB_SERVER_EVENT_HISTORY WHERE EVENT LIKE '%error%' ORDER BY TIMESTAMP DESC LIMIT 50; ------ 节点异常事件
SELECT * FROM oceanbase.DBA_OB_TENANT_EVENT_HISTORY WHERE EVENT LIKE '%error%' ORDER BY TIMESTAMP DESC LIMIT 50; ------ 租户异常事件
ob_admin log_tool --help ------ 查看日志解析工具用法
grep -E 'ERROR|WARN' observer.log | tail -100 ------ 查看 OBServer 错误日志
SELECT * FROM oceanbase.DBA_OB_LS_REPLICA_TASK_HISTORY WHERE TASK_STATUS<>'SUCCESS' ORDER BY CREATE_TIME DESC LIMIT 50; ------ 失败副本任务排查

使用提示

备份恢复、归档相关命令需先配置 backup_dest / log_archive_dest 并确认存储可写；恢复命令还需目标集群资源与租户名规划。
ALTER SYSTEM ... 类命令影响面较大，建议在变更窗口执行并提前备份参数原值（SHOW PARAMETERS）。
3.x 与 4.x 在日志流（LS）、租户资源、增量备份机制上存在差异，执行前请以目标版本官方文档为准。
所有涉及占位符的命令，请替换为实际 IP、端口、租户名、表名后再执行。