SpringBoot获取不到用户真实IP怎么办

今天周六，Binvin来总结一下上周开发过程中遇到的一个小问题，项目部署后发现服务端无法获取到客户端真实的IP地址，这是怎么回事呢？给我都整懵逼了，经过短暂的思考，我发现了问题的真凶，那就是我们使用了Nginx作的请求转发，这才导致了获取不到客户端真实的IP地址，害，看看我是怎么解决的吧！

问题原因

客户端请求数据时走的是Nginx反向代理，默认情况下客户端的真实IP地址会被其过滤，使得SpringBoot程序无法直接获得真实的客户端IP地址，获取到的都是Nginx的IP地址。

解决方案：

通过更改Nginx配置文件将客户端真实的IP地址加到请求头中，这样就能正常获取到客户端的IP地址了，下面我一步步带你看看如何配置和获取。

修改Nginx配置文件

在需要做请求转发的配置里添加下面的配置

nginx 复制代码

#这个参数设置了HTTP请求头的Host字段，host表示请求的Host头，也就是请求的域名。通过这个设置，Nginx会将请求的Host头信息传递给后端服务。
proxy_set_header Host $host;
#这个参数设置了HTTP请求头的X−Real−IP字段，remote_addr表示客户端的IP地址。通过这个设置，Nginx会将客户端的真实IP地址传递给后端服务
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
#这个参数设置了HTTP请求头的 X-Forwarded-For字段，"X-Forwarded-For"是一个标准的HTTP请求头，用于表示HTTP请求经过的代理服务器链路信息，proxy_add_x_forwarded_for表示添加额外的服务器链路信息。
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;

修改后我的nginx.conf中的server如下所示

nginx 复制代码

server {
  listen 443 ssl;
  server_name xxx.com;

  ssl_certificate "ssl证书pem文件";
  ssl_certificate_key "ssl证书key文件";
  ssl_session_timeout 5m;
  ssl_protocols TLSv1 TLSv1.1 TLSv1.2;
  ssl_ciphers ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5:!RC4:!DHE;
  ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;

  location / {
    root   前端html文件目录;
    index  index.html index.htm;
  }

  error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
  location = /50x.html {
    root html;
  }
  # 关键在下面这个配置，上面的配置自己根据情况而定就行
  location /hello{
    proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8090;
    proxy_set_header Host $host;
    proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; 
    proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
  }
}

SpringBoot代码实现

第一种方式：在代码中直接通过X-Forwarded-For获取到真实IP地址

java 复制代码

@Slf4j
public class CommonUtil {
    /**
     * <p> 获取当前请求客户端的IP地址 </p>
     *
     * @param request 请求信息
     * @return ip地址
     **/
    public static String getIp(HttpServletRequest request) {
        if (request == null) {
            return null;
        }
        String unknown = "unknown";
        // 使用X-Forwarded-For就能获取到客户端真实IP地址
        String ip = request.getHeader("X-Forwarded-For");
        log.info("X-Forwarded-For:" + ip);
        if (ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || unknown.equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) {
            ip = request.getHeader("Proxy-Client-IP");
            log.info("Proxy-Client-IP:" + ip);
        }
        if (ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || unknown.equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) {
            ip = request.getHeader("WL-Proxy-Client-IP");
            log.info("WL-Proxy-Client-IP:" + ip);
        }
        if (ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || unknown.equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) {
            ip = request.getHeader("HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR");
            log.info("HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR:" + ip);
        }
        if (ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || unknown.equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) {
            ip = request.getHeader("HTTP_X_FORWARDED");
            log.info("HTTP_X_FORWARDED:" + ip);
        }
        if (ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || unknown.equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) {
            ip = request.getHeader("HTTP_X_CLUSTER_CLIENT_IP");
            log.info("HTTP_X_CLUSTER_CLIENT_IP:" + ip);
        }
        if (ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || unknown.equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) {
            ip = request.getHeader("HTTP_CLIENT_IP");
            log.info("HTTP_CLIENT_IP:" + ip);
        }
        if (ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || unknown.equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) {
            ip = request.getHeader("HTTP_FORWARDED_FOR");
            log.info("HTTP_FORWARDED_FOR:" + ip);
        }
        if (ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || unknown.equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) {
            ip = request.getHeader("HTTP_FORWARDED");
            log.info("HTTP_FORWARDED:" + ip);
        }
        if (ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || unknown.equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) {
            ip = request.getHeader("HTTP_VIA");
            log.info("HTTP_VIA:" + ip);
        }
        if (ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || unknown.equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) {
            ip = request.getHeader("REMOTE_ADDR");
            log.info("REMOTE_ADDR:" + ip);
        }
        if (ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || unknown.equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) {
            ip = request.getRemoteAddr();
            log.info("getRemoteAddr:" + ip);
        }
        return ip;
    }

第二种方式：在application.yml文件中加以下配置，直接通过request.getRemoteAddr()并可以获取到真实IP

yaml 复制代码

server:
  port: 8090
  tomcat:
    #Nginx转发 获取客户端真实IP配置
    remoteip:
      remote-ip-header: X-Real-IP
      protocol-header: X-Forwarded-Proto