ClickHouse安装步骤

背景

经过研究ClickHouse是列式数据库，下面是在Centos7.9版本单机版的安装的演示

安装

首先安装yum-utils工具包

sudo yum install -y yum-utils

导入镜像源

sudo rpm --import https://repo.clickhouse.tech/CLICKHOUSE-KEY.GPG
sudo yum-config-manager --add-repo https://repo.clickhouse.tech/rpm/clickhouse.repo

安装客户端和服务端

sudo yum install -y clickhouse-server clickhouse-client

启动

启动客户端

[root@WDQCVM ~]# sudo /etc/init.d/clickhouse-server start
 chown -R clickhouse: '/var/run/clickhouse-server/'
Will run sudo -u 'clickhouse' /usr/bin/clickhouse-server --config-file /etc/clickhouse-server/config.xml --pid-file /var/run/clickhouse-server/clickhouse-server.pid --daemon
Waiting for server to start
Waiting for server to start
Server started

客户端无密码登录

[root@WDQCVM ~]#  clickhouse-client
ClickHouse client version 23.7.4.5 (official build).
Connecting to localhost:9000 as user default.
Connected to ClickHouse server version 23.7.4 revision 54465.

Warnings:
 * Linux transparent hugepages are set to "always". Check /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled
 * Maximum number of threads is lower than 30000. There could be problems with handling a lot of simultaneous queries.

WDQCVM :) 
WDQCVM :) show databases;

SHOW DATABASES

Query id: d5496232-585d-4439-ba57-1975132bd73f

┌─name───────────────┐
│ INFORMATION_SCHEMA │
│ default            │
│ information_schema │
│ system             │
└────────────────────┘

4 rows in set. Elapsed: 0.013 sec. 

WDQCVM :)

用户相关

修改密码

随机生成密码

[root@WDQCVM ~]# PASSWORD=$(base64 < /dev/urandom | head -c14); echo "$PASSWORD"; echo -n "$PASSWORD" | sha256sum | tr -d '-'
# 明文
7Gk+4fSe6gYzB9
# 密文
3facce93a682bb4abffe75498f3ad8af29eeac99e4575f6cce03556e908bf358

密码支持明文、password_sha256_hex、ldap配置，选择一个即可

修改密码

vim /etc/clickhouse-server/users.xml
# 找到

 16     <!-
 - Users and ACL. -->
 17     <users>
 18         <!-- If user name was not specified, 'default' user is used. -->
 19         <default>
 20          ......
 55             <password></password>

# 将第55行换成password_sha256_hex，下面的是密文
             <password_sha256_hex>3facce93a682bb4abffe75498f3ad8af29eeac99e4575f6cce03556e908bf358</password_sha256_hex>
# 替换后是这样的
 54             -->
 55             <password_sha256_hex>3facce93a682bb4abffe75498f3ad8af29eeac99e4575f6cce03556e908bf358</password_sha256_hex>
 56

修改完即可生效，需要输入密码了

[root@WDQCVM ~]# clickhouse-client
ClickHouse client version 23.7.4.5 (official build).
Connecting to localhost:9000 as user default.
Password for user (default):

登录验证

输入密码直接登录

clickhouse-client -h ip地址 -d 数据库 -m -u 用户名 --password 明文密码

[root@WDQCVM ~]# clickhouse-client -h 127.0.0.1 -d default -m -u default --password '7Gk+4fSe6gYzB9'
ClickHouse client version 23.7.4.5 (official build).
Connecting to database default at 127.0.0.1:9000 as user default.
Connected to ClickHouse server version 23.7.4 revision 54465.


Warnings:
 * Linux transparent hugepages are set to "always". Check /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled
 * Maximum number of threads is lower than 30000. There could be problems with handling a lot of simultaneous queries.

WDQCVM :)

新增用户

在users标签中进行新增

<users>
    <user>
        <name>darren</name>            
         <password_sha256_hex>3facce93a682bb4abffe75498f3ad8af29eeac99e4575f6cce03556e908bf358</password_sha256_hex>
        <profile>default</profile>
    </user>
</users>

config配置文件

常用的配置在此文件

如日志级别、日志路径

端口设置

最大内存、缓存、存放路径

时区

IP访问限制

心跳等都在此文件中配置

下面是不限制IP访问的配置方法

[root@WDQCVM clickhouse-server]# vim /etc/clickhouse-server/config.xml

    <!-- Same for hosts without support for IPv6: -->
    # 将这个本来注释的放开，即可其他机器也能访问
    <listen_host>0.0.0.0</listen_host>

基本操作

创建数据库

# 查看有多少数据库
WDQCVM :) show databases;


SHOW DATABASES

Query id: 75256e46-2bae-45e8-b438-5d1b60d04403

┌─name───────────────┐
│ INFORMATION_SCHEMA │
│ default            │
│ information_schema │
│ system             │
└────────────────────┘

4 rows in set. Elapsed: 0.012 sec. 
# 创建数据库
WDQCVM :) CREATE DATABASE IF NOT EXISTS darren;


CREATE DATABASE IF NOT EXISTS darren

Query id: d42bf64d-edfb-4853-b2c6-7e54cd8876eb

Ok.

0 rows in set. Elapsed: 0.029 sec. 
# 切换数据库
WDQCVM :) use darren;


USE darren

Query id: c35e2a42-869c-46f0-83a1-3bc78f96323b

Ok.

0 rows in set. Elapsed: 0.006 sec. 

WDQCVM :)

以上用法和MySQL没有什么差别，可以说学习成本降低了不少。

服务管理

上文我们启动了，则需使用对应的停止命令将其停止后才能

# 启动
sudo /etc/init.d/clickhouse-server start
 # 停止
sudo /etc/init.d/clickhouse-server stop

启动、状态、停止、重启、开机启动

sudo systemctl start clickhouse-server
sudo systemctl status clickhouse-server
sudo systemctl stop clickhouse-server
sudo systemctl restart clickhouse-server
sudo systemctl enable clickhouse-server

使用客户端连接端口为

8123: http端口、程序调用，网站访问可以使用，这是 ClickHouse 提供的主要查询接口之一。
9000: TCP端口、clickhouse-client使用9000，原生查询端口可能更高效，适用于一些需要更快速查询性能的场景。
9004: TCP 端口 9004：这是 ClickHouse 的 Replicated 数据传输端口。在 ClickHouse 的数据复制和冗余设置中，节点之间会使用此端口进行数据同步和传输。
9009: 这是 ClickHouse 的原生 TCP 管理接口端口。该端口与 ClickHouse 进行管理和控制，如执行重载配置、查看状态、执行查询分析等。

参考clickhouse 一（centos7安装clickhouse，设置用户名密码）