NSD DBA DAY01
1 案例1:构建MySQL服务器
1.1 问题
- 在IP地址192.168.88.50主机和192.168.88.51主机上部署mysql服务
- 练习必备命令的使用
1.2 方案
准备2台虚拟机,要求如下:
表-1

配置yum源、关闭selinux和防火墙,如果忘记了请自行补习前边课程的知识或查看今天讲课的PPT,谢谢!!!
1.3 步骤
实现此案例需要按照如下步骤进行。
步骤一:安装软件
命令操作如下所示:
mysql-server 提供服务软件
mysql 提供命令软件
-
root@mysql50 \~\]# yum -y install mysql-server mysql //安装提供服务和命令软件
-
root@mysql50 \~\]# rpm -q mysql-server mysql
- mysql-8.0.26-1.module+el8.4.0+652+6de068a7.x86_64
-
root@mysql50 \~\]#
-
root@mysql50 \~\]# rpm -qi mysql-server //查看软件信息
- Version : 8.0.26
- Release : 1.module+el8.4.0+652+6de068a7
- Architecture: x86_64
- Install Date: 2023年03月13日 星期一 12时09分38秒
- Group : Unspecified
- Size : 126674945
- License : GPLv2 with exceptions and LGPLv2 and BSD
- Signature : RSA/SHA256, 2021年09月22日 星期三 07时27分14秒, Key ID 15af5dac6d745a60
- Source RPM : mysql-8.0.26-1.module+el8.4.0+652+6de068a7.src.rpm
- Build Date : 2021年09月22日 星期三 07时06分32秒
- Build Host : ord1-prod-x86build005.svc.aws.rockylinux.org
- Relocations : (not relocatable)
- Packager : infrastructure@rockylinux.org
- Vendor : Rocky
- URL : http://www.mysql.com
- Summary : The MySQL server and related files
- Description :
- MySQL is a multi-user, multi-threaded SQL database server. MySQL is a
- client/server implementation consisting of a server daemon (mysqld)
- and many different client programs and libraries. This package contains
- the MySQL server and some accompanying files and directories.
-
root@mysql50 \~\]# systemctl start mysqld //启动服务
-
root@mysql50 \~\]# systemctl enable mysqld //设置服务开机运行
步骤二:查看端口号和进程名
命令操作如下所示:
-
root@mysql50 \~\]# ps -C mysqld //查看进程
- 21912 ? 00:00:00 mysqld
-
root@mysql50 \~\]#
- tcp LISTEN 0 70 *:33060 *:* users:(("mysqld",pid=21912,fd=22))
- tcp LISTEN 0 128 *:3306 *:* users:(("mysqld",pid=21912,fd=25))
-
root@mysql50 \~\]#
-
root@mysql50 \~\]# netstat -utnlp \| grep mysqld //仅查看mysqld进程
- tcp6 0 0 :::3306 :::* LISTEN 21912/mysqld
-
root@mysql50 \~\]#
MySQL 8中的3306端口是MySQL服务默认使用的端口,主要用于建立客户端与MySQL服务器之间的连接。
MySQL 8中的33060端口是MySQL Shell默认使用的管理端口,主要用于执行各种数据库管理任务。远程管理MySQL服务器:使用MySQL Shell连接到MySQL服务,并在远程管理控制台上执行各种数据库管理操作,例如创建、删除、备份和恢复数据库等。
步骤三:连接服务。
说明: 数据库管理员本机登陆默认没有密码
命令操作如下所示:
-
root@mysql50 \~\]# mysql //连接服务
- Your MySQL connection id is 8
- Server version: 8.0.26 Source distribution
- Copyright (c) 2000, 2021, Oracle and/or its affiliates.
- Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
- affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
- owners.
- Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
- mysql> 登陆后的提示符
- mysql> exit //断开连接
- Bye
-
root@mysql50 \~\]#
命令操作如下所示:
-
root@mysql51 \~\]# yum -y install mysql-server mysql
-
root@mysql51 \~\]# systemctl enable mysqld
- mysql> exit
- Bye
-
root@mysql51 \~\]#
命令操作如下所示:
- mysql> select version() ; //查看数据库软件版本
- +-----------+
- | version() |
- +-----------+
- | 8.0.26 |
- +-----------+
- 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
- mysql> select user() ; //查看登陆的用户和客户端地址
- +----------------+
- | user() |
- +----------------+
- | root@localhost | 管理员root本机登陆
- +----------------+
- 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
- mysql> show databases; //查看已有的库
- +--------------------+
- | Database |
- +--------------------+
- | information_schema |
- | mysql |
- | performance_schema |
- | sys |
- +--------------------+
- 4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
- mysql>
说明:
默认4个库 不可以删除,存储的是 服务运行时加载的不同功能的程序和数据。
information_schema:是MySQL数据库提供的一个虚拟的数据库,存储了MySQL数据库中的相关信息,比如数据库、表、列、索引、权限、角色等信息。它并不存储实际的数据,而是提供了一些视图和存储过程,用于查询和管理数据库的元数据信息。
mysql:存储了MySQL服务器的系统配置、用户、账号和权限信息等。它是MySQL数据库最基本的库,存储了MySQL服务器的核心信息。
performance_schema:存储了MySQL数据库的性能指标、事件和统计信息等数据,可以用于性能分析和优化。
sys:是MySQL 8.0引入的一个新库,它基于information_schema和performance_schema视图,提供了更方便、更直观的方式来查询和管理MySQL数据库的元数据和性能数据。
- mysql> select database(); //查看当前在那个库里 null 表示没有在任何库里
- +------------+
- | database() |
- +------------+
- | NULL |
- +------------+
- 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
- mysql> use mysql ; //切换到mysql库
- mysql> select database(); // 再次显示所在的库
- +------------+
- | database() |
- +------------+
- | mysql |
- +------------+
- 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
- mysql> show tables; //显示库里已有的表
- +------------------------------------------------------+
- | Tables_in_mysql |
- +------------------------------------------------------+
- | columns_priv |
- | component |
- | db |
- | default_roles |
- | engine_cost |
- | func |
- | general_log |
- | global_grants |
- | gtid_executed |
- | help_category |
- | help_keyword |
- | help_relation |
- | help_topic |
- | innodb_index_stats |
- | innodb_table_stats |
- | password_history |
- | plugin |
- | procs_priv |
- | proxies_priv |
- | replication_asynchronous_connection_failover |
- | replication_asynchronous_connection_failover_managed |
- | replication_group_configuration_version |
- | replication_group_member_actions |
- | role_edges |
- | server_cost |
- | servers |
- | slave_master_info |
- | slave_relay_log_info |
- | slave_worker_info |
- | slow_log |
- | tables_priv |
- | time_zone |
- | time_zone_leap_second |
- | time_zone_name |
- | time_zone_transition |
- | time_zone_transition_type |
- | user |
- +------------------------------------------------------+
- 37 rows in set (0.00 sec)
- mysql> exit ; 断开连接
- Bye
-
root@mysql50 \~\]#
2.1 问题
1) 在192.168.88.50主机做如下练习:
- 设置root密码为tarena
- 修改root密码为123qqq...A
- 破解root密码为NSD2023...a
2.2 步骤
实现此案例需要按照如下步骤进行。
步骤一:设置root密码为tarena
命令操作如下所示:
2行输出是警告而已不用关心
-
root@mysql50 \~\]# mysqladmin -uroot -p password "tarena"
- mysqladmin: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
- Warning: Since password will be sent to server in plain text, use ssl connection to ensure password safety.
-
root@mysql50 \~\]# mysql //无密码连接被拒绝
-
root@mysql50 \~\]#
- mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
- Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
- Your MySQL connection id is 14
- Server version: 8.0.26 Source distribution
- Copyright (c) 2000, 2021, Oracle and/or its affiliates.
- Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
- affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
- owners.
- Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
- mysql> 登陆成功
步骤二:修改root密码为123qqq...A
命令操作如下所示:
-
root@mysql50 \~\]# mysqladmin -uroot -ptarena password "123qqq...A" //修改密码
- Warning: Since password will be sent to server in plain text, use ssl connection to ensure password safety.
-
root@mysql50 \~\]# mysql -uroot --ptarena //旧密码无法登陆
- ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: YES)
-
root@mysql50 \~\]# mysql -uroot -p123qqq...A //新密码登陆
- Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
- Your MySQL connection id is 18
- Server version: 8.0.26 Source distribution
- Copyright (c) 2000, 2021, Oracle and/or its affiliates.
- Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
- affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
- owners.
- Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
- mysql> 登陆成功
步骤三:破解root密码为NSD2023...a
说明:在mysql50主机做此练习
命令操作如下所示:
-
root@mysql50 \~\]# mysql -uroot -pNSD2023...a //破解前登陆失败
- ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: YES)
-
root@mysql50 \~\]# vim /etc/my.cnf.d/mysql-server.cnf //修改主配置文件
- skip-grant-tables //手动添加此行 作用登陆时不验证密码
- :wq
-
root@mysql50 \~\]# systemctl restart mysqld //重启服务 作用让服务以新配置运行
- Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
- Your MySQL connection id is 7
- Server version: 8.0.26 Source distribution
- Copyright (c) 2000, 2021, Oracle and/or its affiliates.
- Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
- affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
- owners.
- Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
- //把mysql库下user表中 用户root的密码设置为无;
- mysql> update mysql.user set authentication_string="" where user="root";
- Query OK, 1 row affected (0.05 sec)
- Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 0
- mysql> exit; 断开连接
- Bye
-
root@mysql50 \~\]# vim /etc/my.cnf.d/mysql-server.cnf 编辑配置文件
- #skip-grant-tables //注释添加的行
- :wq
-
root@mysql50 \~\]# systemctl restart mysqld //重启服务 作用让注释生效
- Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
- Your MySQL connection id is 8
- Server version: 8.0.26 Source distribution
- Copyright (c) 2000, 2021, Oracle and/or its affiliates.
- Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
- affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
- owners.
- Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
- //设置root用户本机登陆密码
- mysql> alter user root@"localhost" identified by "NSD2023...a";
- Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
- mysql> exit 断开连接
- Bye
-
root@localhost \~\]# mysql 不输密码无法登陆
-
root@localhost \~\]# mysql -uroot -pNSD2023...a 使用破解的密码登陆
- Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
- Your MySQL connection id is 10
- Server version: 8.0.26 Source distribution
- Copyright (c) 2000, 2021, Oracle and/or its affiliates.
- Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
- affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
- owners.
- Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
- mysql>
- mysql> 登陆成功
- mysql> show databases; 查看已有的库
- +--------------------+
- | Database |
- +--------------------+
- | information_schema |
- | mysql |
- | performance_schema |
- | sys |
- +--------------------+
- 4 rows in set (0.01 sec)
3 案例3:安装图形软件
3.1 问题
- 在IP地址192.168.88.50主机安装phpmyadmin软件
- 客户端通过访问phpmyadmin软件管理数据库
3.2 方案
把用到的软件拷贝的虚拟机mysql50里
在mysql50主机,首先配置运行环境LNP,然后安装phpmyadmin软件,最后打开真机的浏览器输入phpmyadmin的网址访问。
3.3 步骤
实现此案例需要按照如下步骤进行。
步骤一:部署运行环境LNP
命令操作如下所示:
- gcc 源码包编译工具
- unzip 提供解压.zip 压缩包命令
- make 源码软件编译命令
- pcre-devel 支持正则表达式
- zlib-devel 提供数据压缩命令
-
root@mysql50 \~\]# yum -y install gcc unzip make pcre-devel zlib-devel //安装依赖
-
root@mysql50 \~\]# cd nginx-1.22.1 //进源码目录
-
root@mysql50 nginx-1.22.1\]# make \&\& make install //编译并安装
- conf html logs sbin
-
root@mysql50 nginx-1.22.1\]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf //修改主配置文件
- 44 root html;
- 45 index index.php index.html index.htm; //添加php首页名
- 46 }
- 65 location ~ \.php$ { //访问.php的请求转给本机的9000端口
- 66 root html;
- 67 fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
- 68 fastcgi_index index.php;
- 69 #fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
- 70 include fastcgi.conf; //保存nginx变量文件
- 71 }
- :wq
-
root@mysql50 nginx-1.22.1\]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx //启动服务
- tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:80 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 42182/nginx: master
-
root@mysql50 nginx-1.22.1\]#
- php 解释php代码
- php-devel php扩展包
- php-mysqlnd 连接mysql命令包
- php-json 支持json代码
- php-fpm 提供fpm服务
-
root@mysql50 \~\]# yum -y install php php-devel php-mysqlnd php-json php-fpm //安装php软件
- 38 ;listen = /run/php-fpm/www.sock
- 39 listen = 127.0.0.1:9000 //非socket方式运行,不是必须的
- :wq
-
root@mysql50 \~\]# systemctl start php-fpm //启动服务
- tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:9000 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 67251/php-fpm: mast
-
root@mysql50 \~\]#
- <?php
- $name = "plj" ;
- echo $name ;
- echo "\n" ;
- ?>
- :wq
-
root@mysql50 \~\]# curl http://localhost/test.php //访问脚本
-
root@mysql50 \~\]#
命令操作如下所示:
-
root@mysql50 \~\]# unzip phpMyAdmin-5.2.1-all-languages.zip //解压
-
root@mysql50 \~\]# cd /usr/local/nginx/html/phpmyadmin/ //进软件目录
-
root@mysql50 phpmyadmin\]# vim config.inc.php //修改主配置文件
- 16 $cfg['blowfish_secret'] = 'plj123'; /* YOU MUST FILL IN THIS FOR COOKIE AUTH! */
- //管理本机的数据库服务
- 30 cfg\['Servers'\]\[i]['host'] = 'localhost';
- :wq
-
root@mysql50 phpmyadmin\]# setenforce 0 //关闭selinux
步骤三:客户端访问
命令操作如下所示:
- http://192.168.88.50/phpmyadmin 打开浏览器输入此网址 效果如图-1所示

图-1
说明:输入数据库管理员root 和 密码 成功后如图-2所示

4 案例4:筛选条件
4.1 问题
- 准备练习环境
- 练习数值比较
- 练习范围匹配
- 练习模糊匹配
- 练习正则匹配
- 练习逻辑比较
- 练习字符比较/空/非空
- 练习别名/去重/合并
4.2 方案
拷贝tarena.sql文件到mysql50主机里,然后使用tarena.sql创建练习使用的数据。
4.3 步骤
实现此案例需要按照如下步骤进行。
步骤一:准备练习环境
- //拷贝tarena.sql 拷贝到 mysql50主机的/root 下
-
openeuler@server1 \~\]$ scp /linux-soft/s3/tarena.sql root@192.168.88.50:/root/
- tarena.sql 100% 284KB 171.9MB/s 00:00
- //连接mysql50主机
-
openeuler@server1 \~\]$ ssh root@192.168.88.50
- Last login: Tue May 23 10:59:57 2023 from 192.168.88.254
- //恢复数据
-
root@mysql50 \~\]# mysql -uroot -pNSD2023...a \< /root/tarena.sql
- //连接服务
-
root@mysql50 \~\]# mysql -uroot -pNSD2023...a
- +--------------------+
- | Database |
- +--------------------+
- | information_schema |
- | mysql |
- | performance_schema |
- | sys |
- | tarena | 恢复的库
- +--------------------+
- 5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
- mysql> use tarena; //进入库
- Reading table information for completion of table and column names
- You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
- Database changed
- mysql> show tables; //查看表
- +------------------+
- | Tables_in_tarena |
- +------------------+
- | departments | 部门表
- | employees | 员工表
- | salary | 工资表
- | user | 用户表
- +------------------+
- 4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
使用user 表做查询练习
user表里存储的是 系统用户信息 就是 /etc/passwd 文件的内容
- mysql> desc tarena.user; //查看表头
- +----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
- | Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
- +----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
- | id | int(11) | NO | PRI | NULL | auto_increment |行号
- | name | char(20) | YES | | NULL | |用户名
- | password | char(1) | YES | | NULL | |密码占位符
- | uid | int(11) | YES | | NULL | | uid号
- | gid | int(11) | YES | | NULL | | gid号
- | comment | varchar(50) | YES | | NULL | | 描述信息
- | homedir | varchar(80) | YES | | NULL | | 家目录
- | shell | char(30) | YES | | NULL | | 解释器
- +----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
- 8 rows in set (0.00 sec)
select命令格式演示
语法格式1 SELECT 字段列表 FROM 库名.表名;
语法格式2 SELECT 字段列表 FROM 库名.表名 where 筛选条件;
- mysql> select name from tarena.user; //查看一个表头
- mysql> select name ,uid from tarena.user; //查看多个表头
- mysql> select * from tarena.user; //查看所有表头
加筛选条件
- mysql> select * from tarena.user where name = "root"; //查找root用户信息
- +----+------+----------+------+------+---------+---------+-----------+
- | id | name | password | uid | gid | comment | homedir | shell |
- +----+------+----------+------+------+---------+---------+-----------+
- | 1 | root | x | 0 | 0 | root | /root | /bin/bash |
- +----+------+----------+------+------+---------+---------+-----------+
- 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
- mysql>
- mysql> select * from tarena.user where id = 2 ; //查找第2行用户信息
- +----+------+----------+------+------+---------+---------+--------------+
- | id | name | password | uid | gid | comment | homedir | shell |
- +----+------+----------+------+------+---------+---------+--------------+
- | 2 | bin | x | 1 | 1 | bin | /bin | /sbin/nologin |
- +----+------+----------+------+------+---------+---------+--------------+
- 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
步骤二:练习数值比较
比较符号:
= != > >= < <=
相等 不相等 大于 大于等于 小于 小于等于
符号两边要是数字或数值类型的表头 符号左边与符号右边做比较
- //查看第3行的行号、用户名、uid、gid 四个表头的值
- mysql> select id,name,uid,gid from tarena.user where id = 3;
- +----+--------+------+------+
- | id | name | uid | gid |
- +----+--------+------+------+
- | 3 | daemon | 2 | 2 |
- +----+--------+------+------+
- 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
- //查看前2行的行号用户名、uid、gid 四个表头的值
- mysql> select id,name,uid,gid from tarena.user where id < 3;
- +----+------+------+------+
- | id | name | uid | gid |
- +----+------+------+------+
- | 1 | root | 0 | 0 |
- | 2 | bin | 1 | 1 |
- +----+------+------+------+
- 2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
- //查看前3行的行号、用户名、uid、gid 四个表头的值
- mysql> select id,name,uid,gid from tarena.user where id <= 3;
- +----+--------+------+------+
- | id | name | uid | gid |
- +----+--------+------+------+
- | 1 | root | 0 | 0 |
- | 2 | bin | 1 | 1 |
- | 3 | daemon | 2 | 2 |
- +----+--------+------+------+
- 3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
- //查看前uid号大于6000的行号、用户名、uid、gid 四个表头的值
- mysql> select id,name,uid,gid from tarena.user where uid > 6000;
- +----+-----------+-------+-------+
- | id | name | uid | gid |
- +----+-----------+-------+-------+
- | 22 | nfsnobody | 65534 | 65534 |
- +----+-----------+-------+-------+
- 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
- //查看前uid号大于等于1000的行号、用户名、uid、gid 四个表头的值
- mysql> select id,name,uid,gid from tarena.user where uid >= 1000;
- +----+-----------+-------+-------+
- | id | name | uid | gid |
- +----+-----------+-------+-------+
- | 22 | nfsnobody | 65534 | 65534 |
- | 24 | plj | 1000 | 1000 |
- +----+-----------+-------+-------+
- 2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
- //查看uid号和gid号相同的行 仅显示行号、用户名、uid、gid 四个表头的值
- mysql> select id,name,uid,gid from tarena.user where uid = gid;
- +----+-----------------+-------+-------+
- | id | name | uid | gid |
- +----+-----------------+-------+-------+
- | 1 | root | 0 | 0 |
- | 2 | bin | 1 | 1 |
- | 3 | daemon | 2 | 2 |
- | 13 | nobody | 99 | 99 |
- | 14 | systemd-network | 192 | 192 |
- | 15 | dbus | 81 | 81 |
- | 17 | sshd | 74 | 74 |
- | 18 | postfix | 89 | 89 |
- | 20 | rpc | 32 | 32 |
- | 21 | rpcuser | 29 | 29 |
- | 22 | nfsnobody | 65534 | 65534 |
- | 23 | haproxy | 188 | 188 |
- | 24 | plj | 1000 | 1000 |
- | 25 | apache | 48 | 48 |
- | 26 | mysql | 27 | 27 |
- +----+-----------------+-------+-------+
- 15 rows in set (0.00 sec)
- //查看uid号和gid号不一样的行 仅显示行号、用户名、uid、gid 四个表头的值
- mysql> select id,name,uid,gid from tarena.user where uid != gid;
- +----+----------+------+------+
- | id | name | uid | gid |
- +----+----------+------+------+
- | 4 | adm | 3 | 4 |
- | 5 | lp | 4 | 7 |
- | 6 | sync | 5 | 0 |
- | 7 | shutdown | 6 | 0 |
- | 8 | halt | 7 | 0 |
- | 9 | mail | 8 | 12 |
- | 10 | operator | 11 | 0 |
- | 11 | games | 12 | 100 |
- | 12 | ftp | 14 | 50 |
- | 16 | polkitd | 999 | 998 |
- | 19 | chrony | 998 | 996 |
- +----+----------+------+------+
- 11 rows in set (0.00 sec)
- mysql>
步骤三:练习范围匹配
in (值列表) //在...里
not in (值列表) //不在...里
between 数字1 and 数字2 //在...之间
命令操作如下所示:
- //uid号表头的值 是 (1 , 3 , 5 , 7) 中的任意一个即可
- mysql> select name , uid from tarena.user where uid in (1 , 3 , 5 , 7);
- +------+------+
- | name | uid |
- +------+------+
- | bin | 1 |
- | adm | 3 |
- | sync | 5 |
- | halt | 7 |
- +------+------+
- //shell 表头的的值 不是 "/bin/bash"或"/sbin/nologin" 即可
- mysql> select name , shell from tarena.user where shell not in ("/bin/bash","/sbin/nologin");
- +----------+----------------+
- | name | shell |
- +----------+----------------+
- | sync | /bin/sync |
- | shutdown | /sbin/shutdown |
- | halt | /sbin/halt |
- | mysql | /bin/false |
- +----------+----------------+
- //id表头的值 在 10 到 20 之间即可 包括 10 和 20 本身
- mysql> select id , name , uid from tarena.user where id between 10 and 20 ;
- +----+-----------------+------+
- | id | name | uid |
- +----+-----------------+------+
- | 10 | operator | 11 |
- | 11 | games | 12 |
- | 12 | ftp | 14 |
- | 13 | nobody | 99 |
- | 14 | systemd-network | 192 |
- | 15 | dbus | 81 |
- | 16 | polkitd | 999 |
- | 17 | sshd | 74 |
- | 18 | postfix | 89 |
- | 19 | chrony | 998 |
- | 20 | rpc | 32 |
- +----+-----------------+------+
- 11 rows in set (0.00 sec)mysql>
步骤四:练习模糊匹配
where 字段名 like "表达式";
通配符
_ 表示 1个字符
% 表示零个或多个字符
命令操作如下所示:
- //找名字必须是3个字符的 (没有空格挨着敲)
- mysql> select name from tarena.user where name like "___";
- +------+
- | name |
- +------+
- | bin |
- | adm |
- | ftp |
- | rpc |
- | plj |
- | bob |
- +------+
- 6 rows in set (0.00 sec)
- //找名字必须是4个字符的(没有空格挨着敲)
- mysql> select name from tarena.user where name like "_ _ _ _";
- +------+
- | name |
- +------+
- | root |
- | sync |
- | halt |
- | mail |
- | dbus |
- | sshd |
- | null |
- +------+
- 7 rows in set (0.00 sec)
- //找名字以字母a开头的(没有空格挨着敲)
- mysql> select name from tarena.user where name like "a%";
- //查找名字至少是4个字符的表达式
- mysql> select name from tarena.user where name like "%_ _ _ _%";(没有空格挨着敲)
- mysql> select name from tarena.user where name like "_ % _";(没有空格挨着敲)
- mysql> select name from tarena.user where name like "_ _ _ _%";(没有空格挨着敲)
步骤五:练习正则匹配
格式:select 字段名列表 from 库名.表名 where字段名 regexp '正则表达式';
回顾shell课程学过的元字符(正则符号)
^ 匹配行首
$ 匹配行尾
\] 匹配范围内任意一个 \* 前边的表达式出现零次或多次 \| 或者 . 任意一个字符 命令操作如下所示: ``` ``` 1. //添加有数字的名字 2. insert into tarena.user(name)values("yaya9"); 3. insert into tarena.user(name)values("6yaya"); 4. insert into tarena.user(name)values("ya7ya"); 5. insert into tarena.user(name)values("yay8a"); 6. //查看名字里有数字的 7. mysql\> select name from tarena.user where name regexp "\[0-9\]"; 8. +-------+ 9. \| name \| 10. +-------+ 11. \| yaya9 \| 12. \| 6yaya \| 13. \| ya7ya \| 14. \| yay8a \| 15. +-------+ 16. 4 rows in set (0.00 sec) 17. //查看名字以数字开头 18. mysql\> select name from tarena.user where name regexp "\^\[0-9\]"; 19. +-------+ 20. \| name \| 21. +-------+ 22. \| 6yaya \| 23. +-------+ 24. 1 row in set (0.00 sec) 25. //查看名字以数字结尾 26. mysql\> select name from tarena.user where name regexp "\[0-9\]$"; 27. +-------+ 28. \| name \| 29. +-------+ 30. \| yaya9 \| 31. +-------+ 32. 1 row in set (0.00 sec) 33. mysql\> 34. //查看名字以r开头 35. mysql\> select name from tarena.user where name regexp "\^r"; 36. +---------+ 37. \| name \| 38. +---------+ 39. \| root \| 40. \| rpc \| 41. \| rpcuser \| 42. +---------+ 43. 3 rows in set (0.00 sec) 44. //查看名字以t结尾 45. mysql\> select name from tarena.user where name regexp "t$"; 46. +------+ 47. \| name \| 48. +------+ 49. \| root \| 50. \| halt \| 51. +------+ 52. 2 rows in set (0.00 sec) 53. mysql\> 54. //查看名字以r开头或t结尾 55. mysql\> select name from tarena.user where name regexp "\^r\|t$"; 56. +---------+ 57. \| name \| 58. +---------+ 59. \| root \| 60. \| halt \| 61. \| rpc \| 62. \| rpcuser \| 63. +---------+ 64. 4 rows in set (0.00 sec) 65. //名字r开头t结尾 66. mysql\> select name from tarena.user where name regexp "\^r.\*t$"; 67. +------+ 68. \| name \| 69. +------+ 70. \| root \| 71. +------+ 72. 1 row in set (0.00 sec) 73. mysql\> 步骤六:练习逻辑比较 多个判断条件 逻辑与 and (\&\&) 多个判断条件必须同时成立 逻辑或 or (\|\|) 多个判断条件其中某个条件成立即可 逻辑非 not (!) 取反 命令操作如下所示: ``` ``` 1. //逻辑非例子,查看解释器不是/bin/bash 的 2. mysql\> select name,shell from tarena.user where shell != "/bin/bash"; 3. //not 也是取反 要放在表达式的前边 4. mysql\> select name,shell from tarena.user where not shell = "/bin/bash"; 5. //id值不在 10 到 20 之间 6. mysql\> select id , name from tarena.user where not id between 10 and 20 ; 7. 8. //逻辑与 例子 9. mysql\> select name , uid from tarena.user where name="root" and uid = 1; 10. Empty set (0.00 sec) 11. mysql\> select name , uid from tarena.user where name="root" and uid = 0; 12. +------+------+ 13. \| name \| uid \| 14. +------+------+ 15. \| root \| 0 \| 16. +------+------+ 17. 1 row in set (0.00 sec) 18. //逻辑或 例子 19. mysql\> select name , uid from tarena.user where name = "root" or name = "bin" or uid = 1; 20. +------+------+ 21. \| name \| uid \| 22. +------+------+ 23. \| root \| 0 \| 24. \| bin \| 1 \| 25. +------+------+ 26. mysql\> () 提高优先级 ``` ``` 1. mysql\> select 2 + 3 \* 5 ; //使用默认计算顺序 先乘除后加减 2. +------------+ 3. \| 2 + 3 \* 5 \| 4. +------------+ 5. \| 17 \| 6. +------------+ 7. 1 row in set (0.00 sec) 8. 9. mysql\> select (2 + 3 ) \* 5 ; //先加法再乘法 10. +---------------+ 11. \| (2 + 3 ) \* 5 \| 12. +---------------+ 13. \| 25 \| 14. +---------------+ 15. 1 row in set (0.00 sec) 16. 17. mysql\> 逻辑匹配什么时候需要加() 逻辑与and 优先级高于逻辑或 or 如果在筛选条件里既有and 又有 or 默认先判断and 再判断or ``` ``` 1. //没加() 的查询结果 2. select name , uid from tarena.user 3. where name = "root" or name = "bin" and uid = 1 ; 4. +------+------+ 5. \| name \| uid \| 6. +------+------+ 7. \| root \| 0 \| 8. \| bin \| 1 \| 9. +------+------+ 10. 2 rows in set (0.00 sec) 11. //加()的查询结果 12. select name , uid from tarena.user 13. where (name = "root" or name = "bin") and uid = 1 ; 14. +------+------+ 15. \| name \| uid \| 16. +------+------+ 17. \| bin \| 1 \| 18. +------+------+ 19. 1 row in set (0.00 sec) 20. mysql\> 步骤七:练习字符比较/空/非空 符号两边必须是字符 或字符类型的表头 = 相等比较 != 不相等比较。 命令操作如下所示: ``` ``` 1. //查看表里是否有名字叫apache的用户 2. mysql\> select name from tarena.user where name="apache" ; 3. +--------+ 4. \| name \| 5. +--------+ 6. \| apache \| 7. +--------+ 8. 1 row in set (0.00 sec) 9. //输出解释器不是/bin/bash的用户名 及使用的解释器 10. mysql\> select name , shell from tarena.user where shell != "/bin/bash"; 11. +-----------------+----------------+ 12. \| name \| shell \| 13. +-----------------+----------------+ 14. \| bin \| /sbin/nologin \| 15. \| daemon \| /sbin/nologin \| 16. \| adm \| /sbin/nologin \| 17. \| lp \| /sbin/nologin \| 18. \| sync \| /bin/sync \| 19. \| shutdown \| /sbin/shutdown \| 20. \| halt \| /sbin/halt \| 21. \| mail \| /sbin/nologin \| 22. \| operator \| /sbin/nologin \| 23. \| games \| /sbin/nologin \| 24. \| ftp \| /sbin/nologin \| 25. \| nobody \| /sbin/nologin \| 26. \| systemd-network \| /sbin/nologin \| 27. \| dbus \| /sbin/nologin \| 28. \| polkitd \| /sbin/nologin \| 29. \| sshd \| /sbin/nologin \| 30. \| postfix \| /sbin/nologin \| 31. \| chrony \| /sbin/nologin \| 32. \| rpc \| /sbin/nologin \| 33. \| rpcuser \| /sbin/nologin \| 34. \| nfsnobody \| /sbin/nologin \| 35. \| haproxy \| /sbin/nologin \| 36. \| apache \| /sbin/nologin \| 37. \| mysql \| /bin/false \| 38. +-----------------+----------------+ 39. 24 rows in set (0.00 sec) 40. mysql\> 空 is null 表头下没有数据 非空 is not null 表头下有数据 mysql服务 使用关键字 null 或 NULL 表示表头没有数据 ``` ``` 1. //添加新行 仅给行中的id 表头和name表头赋值 2. mysql\> insert into tarena.user(id,name) values(71,""); //零个字符 3. mysql\> insert into tarena.user(id,name) values(72,"null");//普通字母 4. mysql\> insert into tarena.user(id,name) values(73,NULL); //表示空 5. mysql\> insert into tarena.user(id,name) values(74,null); //表示空 6. //查看id表头值大于等于70 的行 仅显示行中 id表头 和 name 表头的值 7. mysql\> select id , name from tarena.user where id \>= 71; 8. +----+------+ 9. \| id \| name \| 10. +----+------+ 11. \| 71 \| \| 12. \| 72 \| null \| 13. \| 73 \| NULL \| 14. \| 74 \| NULL \| 15. +----+------+ 16. //查看name 表头没有数据的行 仅显示行中id表头 和 naeme 表头的值 17. mysql\> select id , name from tarena.user where name is null; 18. +----+------+ 19. \| id \| name \| 20. +----+------+ 21. \| 28 \| NULL \| 22. \| 29 \| NULL \| 23. \| 73 \| NULL \| 24. \| 74 \| NULL \| 25. +----+------+ 26. //查看name 表头是0个字符的行, 仅显示行中id表头 和 naeme 表头的值 27. mysql\> select id , name from tarena.user where name=""; 28. +----+------+ 29. \| id \| name \| 30. +----+------+ 31. \| 71 \| \| 32. +----+------+ 33. 1 row in set (0.00 sec) 34. //查看name 表头值是null的行, 仅显示行中id表头 和 naeme 表头的值 35. mysql\> select id , name from tarena.user where name="null"; 36. +----+------+ 37. \| id \| name \| 38. +----+------+ 39. \| 72 \| null \| 40. +----+------+ 41. 1 row in set (0.00 sec) 42. //查看name 表头有数据的行, 仅显示行中id表头 和 name 表头的值 43. mysql\> select id , name from tarena.user where name is not null; 44. +----+-----------------+ 45. \| id \| name \| 46. +----+-----------------+ 47. \| 1 \| root \| 48. \| 2 \| bin \| 49. \| 3 \| daemon \| 50. \| 4 \| adm \| 51. \| 5 \| lp \| 52. .... 53. .... 54. \| 27 \| bob \| 55. \| 71 \| \| 56. \| 72 \| null \| 57. +----+-----------------+ 步骤八:练习别名/去重/合并 命令操作如下所示: ``` ``` 1. //定义别名使用 as 或 空格 2. mysql\> select name , homedir from tarena.user; 3. mysql\> select name as 用户名 , homedir 家目录 from tarena.user; 4. //拼接 concat() 5. mysql\> select concat(name,"-",uid) as 用户信息 from tarena.user where uid \<= 5; 6. +--------------+ 7. \| 用户信息 \| 8. +--------------+ 9. \| root-0 \| 10. \| bin-1 \| 11. \| daemon-2 \| 12. \| adm-3 \| 13. \| lp-4 \| 14. \| sync-5 \| 15. +--------------+ 16. 6 rows in set (0.00 sec) 17. //2列拼接 18. mysql\> select concat(name , "-" , uid) as 用户信息 from tarena.user where uid \<= 5; 19. //多列拼接 20. mysql\> select concat(name , "-" , uid , "-" , gid) as 用户信息 from tarena.user where uid \<= 5; 21. +--------------+ 22. \| 用户信息 \| 23. +--------------+ 24. \| root-0-0 \| 25. \| bin-1-1 \| 26. \| daemon-2-2 \| 27. \| adm-3-4 \| 28. \| lp-4-7 \| 29. \| sync-5-0 \| 30. +--------------+ 去重显示 distinct 字段名列表 ``` ``` 1. //去重前输出 2. mysql\> select shell from tarena.user where shell in ("/bin/bash","/sbin/nologin") ; 3. +---------------+ 4. \| shell \| 5. +---------------+ 6. \| /bin/bash \| 7. \| /sbin/nologin \| 8. \| /sbin/nologin \| 9. \| /sbin/nologin \| 10. \| /sbin/nologin \| 11. \| /sbin/nologin \| 12. \| /sbin/nologin \| 13. \| /sbin/nologin \| 14. \| /sbin/nologin \| 15. \| /sbin/nologin \| 16. \| /sbin/nologin \| 17. \| /sbin/nologin \| 18. \| /sbin/nologin \| 19. \| /sbin/nologin \| 20. \| /sbin/nologin \| 21. \| /sbin/nologin \| 22. \| /sbin/nologin \| 23. \| /sbin/nologin \| 24. \| /sbin/nologin \| 25. \| /sbin/nologin \| 26. \| /bin/bash \| 27. \| /sbin/nologin \| 28. +---------------+ 29. 22 rows in set (0.00 sec) 30. //去重后查看 31. mysql\> select distinct shell from tarena.user where shell in ("/bin/bash","/sbin/nologin") ; 32. +---------------+ 33. \| shell \| 34. +---------------+ 35. \| /bin/bash \| 36. \| /sbin/nologin \| 37. +---------------+ 38. 2 rows in set (0.01 sec) 39. mysql\>