介绍
有时我们会对一种类型的bean进行继承,在Spring生成bean的时候,返回类型有时是子类类型,有时会父类类型。那么到底在什么情况下用哪种类型呢?肯定有不少人会忽略这点,本篇文章就是把这个细节讲清楚
案例
父类Base
java
public class Base {
public int i;
public Base(){};
public Base(int i){
this.i = i;
}
}
子类TestBase继承Base
java
public class TestBase extends Base{
}
test中依赖了Base类型的对象
java
public class Test {
@Autowired
public Base base;
@PostConstruct
public void init(){
System.out.println(base.i);
}
}
TestConfig配置类
java
public class TestConfig {
@Bean
public Base base1(){
System.out.println("base1");
return new Base(1);
}
@Bean
public TestBase testBase(){
System.out.println("testBase");
return new TestBase();
}
@Bean
public Test test(){
return new Test();
}
}
重点来了,TestConfig
中生成了Base
类型的对象base1,和TestBase
类型的对象testBase,TestBase
继承了Base
,
Test
对象依赖注入了Base
类型的对象base
容器启动结果
Description:
Field base in com.example.test.Test required a single bean, but 2 were found:
- base1: defined by method 'base1' in class path resource [com/example/test/TestConfig.class]
- testBase: defined by method 'testBase' in class path resource [com/example/test/TestConfig.class]
Action:
Consider marking one of the beans as @Primary, updating the consumer to accept multiple beans, or using @Qualifier to identify the bean that should be consumed
启动错误,提示要注入的base发现了两个bean,这说明虽然注入对象testBase类型是TestBase
,但因为继承了Base
关系,所以还当对象被依赖Base
类型时,testBase对象也算进Base
类型中。也就是说testBase的对象生成bean后,在容器中有着TestBase
和Base
两种类型。
这是极小的细节,这部分源码本人没有看,其实也没必要,记住这个特点就可以了