MySQL主备搭建
1.主库配置
以下所有操作均在主服务器上执行
1）创建用户并授权
create user slave identified with mysql_native_password by '123456'
mysql>GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON *.* to 'slave'@'%' identified by '123456';
mysql>FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
2）修改主库配置文件
开启binlog，并设置server-id，每次修改配置文件后都要重启mysql服务才会生效
vim /etc/my.cnf
#同步的日志路径及文件名，一定注意这个目录要是mysql有权限写入的
log-bin=/var/lib/mysql/binlog
#master端的id号，不唯一即可
server-id=1
#指定同步的数据库，如果不写，默认是同步所有数据库
binlog-do-db = 数据库
#指定不同步的数据库
binlog-ignore-db=mysql
#binlog日志的保留时间
expire_logs_days=7
#指定binlog日志的格式
binlog_format=ROW
改配置文件后，重启服务：
service mysqld restart
3）查看主服务器当前二进制日志名和偏移量
mysql> show master status;
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| mysql-bin.000014 | 154 | | | |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
到此主服务器已经配置好：
2.从库配置
以下所有操作均在从服务器上执行
1）修改从库配置文件
vim /etc/my.cnf
#master端的id号，不唯一即可
server-id=99
#同步的日志路径及文件名，一定注意这个目录要是mysql有权限写入的
log-bin=mysql-bin
#复制哪个库可以不用填写
replicate-do-db=webkit
replicate-do-db=dgp
replicate-do-db=dses_etldb
replicate-do-db=dses_metadb
replicate-do-db=dcf
replicate-do-db=etl
replicate-do-db=metadata
#不复制哪个库
replicate-ignore-db=mysql,information_schema,performance_schema
#这两个是启用relaylog的自动修复功能，避免由于网络之类的外因造成日志损坏，主从停止，保证数据写入的一致性
master_info_repository=table
relay_log_info_repository=table
改配置文件后，重启服务：
service mysqld restart
root@localhost:(none)\]\>CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='10.153.119.5', -\> MASTER_PORT=3306, -\> MASTER_USER='slave', -\> MASTER_PASSWORD='123456', -\> MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000014', -\> MASTER_LOG_POS=154; Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.03 sec) 注：MASTER_LOG_FILE和MASTER_LOG_POS的值为master节点中执行show master status查询到的信息 2）启动slave进程 mysql\> start slave; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.04 sec) 3）查看slave状态 mysql\> show slave status\\G;（后面的分号不去的会报错，但无影响） 如果下面两项值为YES，则表示配置正确： Slave_IO_Running: No Slave_SQL_Running: Yes \[root@localhost:mytest\]\>show slave status\\G; \*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\* 1. row \*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\* Slave_IO_State: Master_Host: 10.153.119.5 Master_User: slave Master_Port: 3306 Connect_Retry: 60 Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000014 Read_Master_Log_Pos: 154 Relay_Log_File: t3-dtpoc-dtpoc-web05-relay-bin.000001 Relay_Log_Pos: 4 Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000014 Slave_IO_Running: No Slave_SQL_Running: Yes Replicate_Do_DB: Replicate_Ignore_DB: mysql,information_schema,performance_schema Replicate_Do_Table: Replicate_Ignore_Table: Replicate_Wild_Do_Table: Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table: Last_Errno: 0 Last_Error: Skip_Counter: 0 Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 154 Relay_Log_Space: 154 Until_Condition: None Until_Log_File: Until_Log_Pos: 0 Master_SSL_Allowed: No Master_SSL_CA_File: Master_SSL_CA_Path: Master_SSL_Cert: Master_SSL_Cipher: Master_SSL_Key: Seconds_Behind_Master: NULL Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No Last_IO_Errno: 1593 Last_IO_Error: Fatal error: The slave I/O thread stops because master and slave have equal MySQL server UUIDs; these UUIDs must be different for replication to work. Last_SQL_Errno: 0 Last_SQL_Error: Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids: Master_Server_Id: 1 Master_UUID: Master_Info_File: mysql.slave_master_info SQL_Delay: 0 SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for more updates Master_Retry_Count: 86400 Master_Bind: Last_IO_Error_Timestamp: 230911 11:05:41 Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp: Master_SSL_Crl: Master_SSL_Crlpath: Retrieved_Gtid_Set: Executed_Gtid_Set: Auto_Position: 0 Replicate_Rewrite_DB: Channel_Name: Master_TLS_Version: 1 row in set (0.00 sec) 我们可以看到如下报错： 注意：1、主从的server_id 一定不能重复； 2、主从的uuid 不能重复；SELECT UUID()/show variables like '%uuid'; 如果重复可以在/opt/module/mysql8/datas/mysql/atuo.cnf 删除或者修改重启服务； Last_IO_Errno: 1593 Last_IO_Error: Fatal error: The slave I/O thread stops because master and slave have equal MySQL server UUIDs; these UUIDs must be different for replication to work. 主： mysql\> show variables like '%uuid'; +---------------+--------------------------------------+ \| Variable_name \| Value \| +---------------+--------------------------------------+ \| server_uuid \| 6797f03c-2122-11ee-842b-00505695c6d5 \| +---------------+--------------------------------------+ 1 row in set (0.01 sec) 备： \[root@localhost:mytest\]\>show variables like '%uuid'; +---------------+--------------------------------------+ \| Variable_name \| Value \| +---------------+--------------------------------------+ \| server_uuid \| 6797f03c-2122-11ee-842b-00505695c6d5 \| +---------------+--------------------------------------+ 1 row in set (0.01 sec) vi /testdata/mysql/auto.cnf \[auto
server-uuid=6797f03c-2122-11ee-842b-00505695c6d5
应该是在做物理备份测试的时候把/testdata/mysql/所有文件都COPY过来了导致的
我们在备机把server-uuid=6797f03c-2122-11ee-842b-00505695c6d5这一行删掉重启服务就可以了
root@localhost:(none)\]\>show slave status\\G; \*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\* 1. row \*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\* Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event Master_Host: 10.153.119.5 Master_User: slave Master_Port: 3306 Connect_Retry: 60 Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000014 Read_Master_Log_Pos: 481 Relay_Log_File: t3-dtpoc-dtpoc-web05-relay-bin.000004 Relay_Log_Pos: 647 Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000014 Slave_IO_Running: Yes Slave_SQL_Running: Yes Replicate_Do_DB: Replicate_Ignore_DB: mysql,information_schema,performance_schema Replicate_Do_Table: Replicate_Ignore_Table: Replicate_Wild_Do_Table: Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table: Last_Errno: 0 Last_Error: Skip_Counter: 0 Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 481 Relay_Log_Space: 869 Until_Condition: None Until_Log_File: Until_Log_Pos: 0 Master_SSL_Allowed: No Master_SSL_CA_File: Master_SSL_CA_Path: Master_SSL_Cert: Master_SSL_Cipher: Master_SSL_Key: Seconds_Behind_Master: 0 Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No Last_IO_Errno: 0 Last_IO_Error: Last_SQL_Errno: 0 Last_SQL_Error: Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids: Master_Server_Id: 1 Master_UUID: 6797f03c-2122-11ee-842b-00505695c6d5 Master_Info_File: mysql.slave_master_info SQL_Delay: 0 SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for more updates Master_Retry_Count: 86400 Master_Bind: Last_IO_Error_Timestamp: Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp: Master_SSL_Crl: Master_SSL_Crlpath: Retrieved_Gtid_Set: Executed_Gtid_Set: Auto_Position: 0 Replicate_Rewrite_DB: Channel_Name: Master_TLS_Version: 1 row in set (0.00 sec) ERROR: No query specified 可以看到主从搭建成功了，我们在主库插入一条数据测试下： 主： mysql\> insert into t1 values(88888888,'test'); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)、 备： \[root@localhost:mytest\]\>select \* from t1; +----------+----------+ \| id \| name \| +----------+----------+ \| 1 \| xiaoming \| \| 2 \| xiaohong \| \| 3 \| xiaoli \| \| 3 \| xiaoli \| \| 4 \| xiaozhao \| \| 88888888 \| test \| \| 88888888 \| test \| +----------+----------+ 7 rows in set (0.00 sec) 我们的搭建基础是在主备数据库和数据都一样的情况下，如果主库有数据库mytet,而备份搭建的时候并没有这个数据库，那么主库已有的数据库和数据会自动复制过来吗？我们来测试下 在备库删除Mytet数据库后重建复制： \[root@localhost:mytest\]\>drop database mytest; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) \[root@localhost:(none)\]\>CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='10.153.119.5', -\> MASTER_PORT=3306, -\> MASTER_USER='slave', -\> MASTER_PASSWORD='123456', -\> MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000014', -\> MASTER_LOG_POS=154; Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.02 sec) 发现报错Error executing row event: 'Table '，mytest.t1' doesn't exist'，在执行插入mytest.t1 values(88888888,'test')sql时报错。 \[root@localhost:(none)\]\>start slave; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) \[root@localhost:(none)\]\>show slave status\\G; \*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\* 1. row \*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\* Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event Master_Host: 10.153.119.5 Master_User: slave Master_Port: 3306 Connect_Retry: 60 Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000014 Read_Master_Log_Pos: 808 Relay_Log_File: t3-dtpoc-dtpoc-web05-relay-bin.000002 Relay_Log_Pos: 320 Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000014 Slave_IO_Running: Yes Slave_SQL_Running: No Replicate_Do_DB: Replicate_Ignore_DB: mysql,information_schema,performance_schema Replicate_Do_Table: Replicate_Ignore_Table: Replicate_Wild_Do_Table: Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table: Last_Errno: 1146 Last_Error: Error executing row event: 'Table 'mytest.t1' doesn't exist' Skip_Counter: 0 Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 154 Relay_Log_Space: 1196 Until_Condition: None Until_Log_File: Until_Log_Pos: 0 Master_SSL_Allowed: No Master_SSL_CA_File: Master_SSL_CA_Path: Master_SSL_Cert: Master_SSL_Cipher: Master_SSL_Key: Seconds_Behind_Master: NULL Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No Last_IO_Errno: 0 Last_IO_Error: Last_SQL_Errno: 1146 Last_SQL_Error: Error executing row event: 'Table 'mytest.t1' doesn't exist' Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids: Master_Server_Id: 1 Master_UUID: 6797f03c-2122-11ee-842b-00505695c6d5 Master_Info_File: mysql.slave_master_info SQL_Delay: 0 SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL Slave_SQL_Running_State: Master_Retry_Count: 86400 Master_Bind: Last_IO_Error_Timestamp: Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp: 230911 11:29:49 Master_SSL_Crl: Master_SSL_Crlpath: Retrieved_Gtid_Set: Executed_Gtid_Set: Auto_Position: 0 Replicate_Rewrite_DB: Channel_Name: Master_TLS_Version: 1 row in set (0.00 sec) ERROR: 我们跳过这个sql,然后重建复制呢？ 主库： mysql\> show master status; +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+ \| File \| Position \| Binlog_Do_DB \| Binlog_Ignore_DB \| Executed_Gtid_Set \| +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+ \| mysql-bin.000014 \| 808 \| \| \| \| +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) 备库： \[root@localhost:(none)\]\>stop slave; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) \[root@localhost:(none)\]\>CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='10.153.119.5', -\> MASTER_PORT=3306, -\> MASTER_USER='slave', -\> MASTER_PASSWORD='123456', -\> MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000014', -\> MASTER_LOG_POS=808; Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.02 sec) \[root@localhost:(none)\]\>start slave; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) \[root@localhost:(none)\]\>show slave status\\G; \*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\* 1. row \*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\* Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event Master_Host: 10.153.119.5 Master_User: slave Master_Port: 3306 Connect_Retry: 60 Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000014 Read_Master_Log_Pos: 808 Relay_Log_File: t3-dtpoc-dtpoc-web05-relay-bin.000002 Relay_Log_Pos: 320 Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000014 Slave_IO_Running: Yes Slave_SQL_Running: Yes Replicate_Do_DB: Replicate_Ignore_DB: mysql,information_schema,performance_schema Replicate_Do_Table: Replicate_Ignore_Table: Replicate_Wild_Do_Table: Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table: Last_Errno: 0 Last_Error: Skip_Counter: 0 Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 808 Relay_Log_Space: 542 Until_Condition: None Until_Log_File: Until_Log_Pos: 0 Master_SSL_Allowed: No Master_SSL_CA_File: Master_SSL_CA_Path: Master_SSL_Cert: Master_SSL_Cipher: Master_SSL_Key: Seconds_Behind_Master: 0 Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No Last_IO_Errno: 0 Last_IO_Error: Last_SQL_Errno: 0 Last_SQL_Error: Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids: Master_Server_Id: 1 Master_UUID: 6797f03c-2122-11ee-842b-00505695c6d5 Master_Info_File: mysql.slave_master_info SQL_Delay: 0 SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for more updates Master_Retry_Count: 86400 Master_Bind: Last_IO_Error_Timestamp: Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp: Master_SSL_Crl: Master_SSL_Crlpath: Retrieved_Gtid_Set: Executed_Gtid_Set: Auto_Position: 0 Replicate_Rewrite_DB: Channel_Name: Master_TLS_Version: 1 row in set (0.01 sec) 我们才测试下，原库创建新库新表，然后插入新数据，发现建库建表DDL和插入数据都复制过去了 原库： mysql\> create database mytest1; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) mysql\> use mytest1; Database changed mysql\> create table t1(id int,name varchar(20)); Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) mysql\> insert into t1 values(8888,'tsss'); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) 备库： \[root@localhost:(none)\]\>use mytest1; Reading table information for completion of table and column names You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A Database changed \[root@localhost:mytest1\]\>select \* from t1; +------+------+ \| id \| name \| +------+------+ \| 8888 \| tsss \| +------+------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) \[root@localhost:mytest1\]\>