ElementUI浅尝辄止33：Form 表单

渣渣砖2023-09-13 21:28

Form 表单：日常业务中很常见，由输入框、选择器、单选框、多选框等控件组成，用以收集、校验、提交数据，常见于表单请求、登录，数据校验等业务操作中

1.如何使用？

包括各种表单项，比如输入框、选择器、开关、单选框、多选框等。

javascript 复制代码 
/*在 Form 组件中，每一个表单域由一个 Form-Item 组件构成，表单域中可以放置各种类型的表单控件，包括 Input、Select、Checkbox、Radio、Switch、DatePicker、TimePicker*/

<el-form ref="form" :model="form" label-width="80px">
  <el-form-item label="活动名称">
    <el-input v-model="form.name"></el-input>
  </el-form-item>
  <el-form-item label="活动区域">
    <el-select v-model="form.region" placeholder="请选择活动区域">
      <el-option label="区域一" value="shanghai"></el-option>
      <el-option label="区域二" value="beijing"></el-option>
    </el-select>
  </el-form-item>
  <el-form-item label="活动时间">
    <el-col :span="11">
      <el-date-picker type="date" placeholder="选择日期" v-model="form.date1" style="width: 100%;"></el-date-picker>
    </el-col>
    <el-col class="line" :span="2">-</el-col>
    <el-col :span="11">
      <el-time-picker placeholder="选择时间" v-model="form.date2" style="width: 100%;"></el-time-picker>
    </el-col>
  </el-form-item>
  <el-form-item label="即时配送">
    <el-switch v-model="form.delivery"></el-switch>
  </el-form-item>
  <el-form-item label="活动性质">
    <el-checkbox-group v-model="form.type">
      <el-checkbox label="美食/餐厅线上活动" name="type"></el-checkbox>
      <el-checkbox label="地推活动" name="type"></el-checkbox>
      <el-checkbox label="线下主题活动" name="type"></el-checkbox>
      <el-checkbox label="单纯品牌曝光" name="type"></el-checkbox>
    </el-checkbox-group>
  </el-form-item>
  <el-form-item label="特殊资源">
    <el-radio-group v-model="form.resource">
      <el-radio label="线上品牌商赞助"></el-radio>
      <el-radio label="线下场地免费"></el-radio>
    </el-radio-group>
  </el-form-item>
  <el-form-item label="活动形式">
    <el-input type="textarea" v-model="form.desc"></el-input>
  </el-form-item>
  <el-form-item>
    <el-button type="primary" @click="onSubmit">立即创建</el-button>
    <el-button>取消</el-button>
  </el-form-item>
</el-form>
<script>
  export default {
    data() {
      return {
        form: {
          name: '',
          region: '',
          date1: '',
          date2: '',
          delivery: false,
          type: [],
          resource: '',
          desc: ''
        }
      }
    },
    methods: {
      onSubmit() {
        console.log('submit!');
      }
    }
  }
</script>

W3C 标准中有如下规定：

When there is only one single-line text input field in a form, the user agent should accept Enter in that field as a request to submit the form.

即：当一个 form 元素中只有一个输入框时，在该输入框中按下回车应提交该表单。如果希望阻止这一默认行为，可以在 <el-form> 标签上添加 @submit.native.prevent。

2.行内表单

当垂直方向空间受限且表单较简单时，可以在一行内放置表单。

javascript 复制代码 
设置 inline 属性可以让表单域变为行内的表单域

<el-form :inline="true" :model="formInline" class="demo-form-inline">
  <el-form-item label="审批人">
    <el-input v-model="formInline.user" placeholder="审批人"></el-input>
  </el-form-item>
  <el-form-item label="活动区域">
    <el-select v-model="formInline.region" placeholder="活动区域">
      <el-option label="区域一" value="shanghai"></el-option>
      <el-option label="区域二" value="beijing"></el-option>
    </el-select>
  </el-form-item>
  <el-form-item>
    <el-button type="primary" @click="onSubmit">查询</el-button>
  </el-form-item>
</el-form>
<script>
  export default {
    data() {
      return {
        formInline: {
          user: '',
          region: ''
        }
      }
    },
    methods: {
      onSubmit() {
        console.log('submit!');
      }
    }
  }
</script>

3.对齐方式

根据具体目标和制约因素，选择最佳的标签对齐方式。

javascript 复制代码 
//通过设置 label-position 属性可以改变表单域标签的位置，可选值为 top、left，当设为 top 时标签会置于表单域的顶部

<el-radio-group v-model="labelPosition" size="small">
  <el-radio-button label="left">左对齐</el-radio-button>
  <el-radio-button label="right">右对齐</el-radio-button>
  <el-radio-button label="top">顶部对齐</el-radio-button>
</el-radio-group>
<div style="margin: 20px;"></div>
<el-form :label-position="labelPosition" label-width="80px" :model="formLabelAlign">
  <el-form-item label="名称">
    <el-input v-model="formLabelAlign.name"></el-input>
  </el-form-item>
  <el-form-item label="活动区域">
    <el-input v-model="formLabelAlign.region"></el-input>
  </el-form-item>
  <el-form-item label="活动形式">
    <el-input v-model="formLabelAlign.type"></el-input>
  </el-form-item>
</el-form>
<script>
  export default {
    data() {
      return {
        labelPosition: 'right',
        formLabelAlign: {
          name: '',
          region: '',
          type: ''
        }
      };
    }
  }
</script>

4.表单验证

在防止用户犯错的前提下，尽可能让用户更早地发现并纠正错误

javascript 复制代码 
//Form 组件提供了表单验证的功能，只需要通过 rules 属性传入约定的验证规则，并将 Form-Item 的 prop 属性设置为需校验的字段名即可。

<el-form :model="ruleForm" :rules="rules" ref="ruleForm" label-width="100px" class="demo-ruleForm">
  <el-form-item label="活动名称" prop="name">
    <el-input v-model="ruleForm.name"></el-input>
  </el-form-item>
  <el-form-item label="活动区域" prop="region">
    <el-select v-model="ruleForm.region" placeholder="请选择活动区域">
      <el-option label="区域一" value="shanghai"></el-option>
      <el-option label="区域二" value="beijing"></el-option>
    </el-select>
  </el-form-item>
  <el-form-item label="活动时间" required>
    <el-col :span="11">
      <el-form-item prop="date1">
        <el-date-picker type="date" placeholder="选择日期" v-model="ruleForm.date1" style="width: 100%;"></el-date-picker>
      </el-form-item>
    </el-col>
    <el-col class="line" :span="2">-</el-col>
    <el-col :span="11">
      <el-form-item prop="date2">
        <el-time-picker placeholder="选择时间" v-model="ruleForm.date2" style="width: 100%;"></el-time-picker>
      </el-form-item>
    </el-col>
  </el-form-item>
  <el-form-item label="即时配送" prop="delivery">
    <el-switch v-model="ruleForm.delivery"></el-switch>
  </el-form-item>
  <el-form-item label="活动性质" prop="type">
    <el-checkbox-group v-model="ruleForm.type">
      <el-checkbox label="美食/餐厅线上活动" name="type"></el-checkbox>
      <el-checkbox label="地推活动" name="type"></el-checkbox>
      <el-checkbox label="线下主题活动" name="type"></el-checkbox>
      <el-checkbox label="单纯品牌曝光" name="type"></el-checkbox>
    </el-checkbox-group>
  </el-form-item>
  <el-form-item label="特殊资源" prop="resource">
    <el-radio-group v-model="ruleForm.resource">
      <el-radio label="线上品牌商赞助"></el-radio>
      <el-radio label="线下场地免费"></el-radio>
    </el-radio-group>
  </el-form-item>
  <el-form-item label="活动形式" prop="desc">
    <el-input type="textarea" v-model="ruleForm.desc"></el-input>
  </el-form-item>
  <el-form-item>
    <el-button type="primary" @click="submitForm('ruleForm')">立即创建</el-button>
    <el-button @click="resetForm('ruleForm')">重置</el-button>
  </el-form-item>
</el-form>
<script>
  export default {
    data() {
      return {
        ruleForm: {
          name: '',
          region: '',
          date1: '',
          date2: '',
          delivery: false,
          type: [],
          resource: '',
          desc: ''
        },
        rules: {
          name: [
            { required: true, message: '请输入活动名称', trigger: 'blur' },
            { min: 3, max: 5, message: '长度在 3 到 5 个字符', trigger: 'blur' }
          ],
          region: [
            { required: true, message: '请选择活动区域', trigger: 'change' }
          ],
          date1: [
            { type: 'date', required: true, message: '请选择日期', trigger: 'change' }
          ],
          date2: [
            { type: 'date', required: true, message: '请选择时间', trigger: 'change' }
          ],
          type: [
            { type: 'array', required: true, message: '请至少选择一个活动性质', trigger: 'change' }
          ],
          resource: [
            { required: true, message: '请选择活动资源', trigger: 'change' }
          ],
          desc: [
            { required: true, message: '请填写活动形式', trigger: 'blur' }
          ]
        }
      };
    },
    methods: {
      submitForm(formName) {
        this.$refs[formName].validate((valid) => {
          if (valid) {
            alert('submit!');
          } else {
            console.log('error submit!!');
            return false;
          }
        });
      },
      resetForm(formName) {
        this.$refs[formName].resetFields();
      }
    }
  }
</script>

5.自定义校验规则

这个例子中展示了如何使用自定义验证规则来完成密码的二次验证。

javascript 复制代码 
本例还使用status-icon属性为输入框添加了表示校验结果的反馈图标。

<el-form :model="ruleForm" status-icon :rules="rules" ref="ruleForm" label-width="100px" class="demo-ruleForm">
  <el-form-item label="密码" prop="pass">
    <el-input type="password" v-model="ruleForm.pass" autocomplete="off"></el-input>
  </el-form-item>
  <el-form-item label="确认密码" prop="checkPass">
    <el-input type="password" v-model="ruleForm.checkPass" autocomplete="off"></el-input>
  </el-form-item>
  <el-form-item label="年龄" prop="age">
    <el-input v-model.number="ruleForm.age"></el-input>
  </el-form-item>
  <el-form-item>
    <el-button type="primary" @click="submitForm('ruleForm')">提交</el-button>
    <el-button @click="resetForm('ruleForm')">重置</el-button>
  </el-form-item>
</el-form>
<script>
  export default {
    data() {
      var checkAge = (rule, value, callback) => {
        if (!value) {
          return callback(new Error('年龄不能为空'));
        }
        setTimeout(() => {
          if (!Number.isInteger(value)) {
            callback(new Error('请输入数字值'));
          } else {
            if (value < 18) {
              callback(new Error('必须年满18岁'));
            } else {
              callback();
            }
          }
        }, 1000);
      };
      var validatePass = (rule, value, callback) => {
        if (value === '') {
          callback(new Error('请输入密码'));
        } else {
          if (this.ruleForm.checkPass !== '') {
            this.$refs.ruleForm.validateField('checkPass');
          }
          callback();
        }
      };
      var validatePass2 = (rule, value, callback) => {
        if (value === '') {
          callback(new Error('请再次输入密码'));
        } else if (value !== this.ruleForm.pass) {
          callback(new Error('两次输入密码不一致!'));
        } else {
          callback();
        }
      };
      return {
        ruleForm: {
          pass: '',
          checkPass: '',
          age: ''
        },
        rules: {
          pass: [
            { validator: validatePass, trigger: 'blur' }
          ],
          checkPass: [
            { validator: validatePass2, trigger: 'blur' }
          ],
          age: [
            { validator: checkAge, trigger: 'blur' }
          ]
        }
      };
    },
    methods: {
      submitForm(formName) {
        this.$refs[formName].validate((valid) => {
          if (valid) {
            alert('submit!');
          } else {
            console.log('error submit!!');
            return false;
          }
        });
      },
      resetForm(formName) {
        this.$refs[formName].resetFields();
      }
    }
  }
</script>

6. 动态增减表单项

javascript 复制代码 
//除了在 Form 组件上一次性传递所有的验证规则外还可以在单个的表单域上传递属性的验证规则

<el-form :model="dynamicValidateForm" ref="dynamicValidateForm" label-width="100px" class="demo-dynamic">
  <el-form-item
    prop="email"
    label="邮箱"
    :rules="[
      { required: true, message: '请输入邮箱地址', trigger: 'blur' },
      { type: 'email', message: '请输入正确的邮箱地址', trigger: ['blur', 'change'] }
    ]"
  >
    <el-input v-model="dynamicValidateForm.email"></el-input>
  </el-form-item>
  <el-form-item
    v-for="(domain, index) in dynamicValidateForm.domains"
    :label="'域名' + index"
    :key="domain.key"
    :prop="'domains.' + index + '.value'"
    :rules="{
      required: true, message: '域名不能为空', trigger: 'blur'
    }"
  >
    <el-input v-model="domain.value"></el-input><el-button @click.prevent="removeDomain(domain)">删除</el-button>
  </el-form-item>
  <el-form-item>
    <el-button type="primary" @click="submitForm('dynamicValidateForm')">提交</el-button>
    <el-button @click="addDomain">新增域名</el-button>
    <el-button @click="resetForm('dynamicValidateForm')">重置</el-button>
  </el-form-item>
</el-form>
<script>
  export default {
    data() {
      return {
        dynamicValidateForm: {
          domains: [{
            value: ''
          }],
          email: ''
        }
      };
    },
    methods: {
      submitForm(formName) {
        this.$refs[formName].validate((valid) => {
          if (valid) {
            alert('submit!');
          } else {
            console.log('error submit!!');
            return false;
          }
        });
      },
      resetForm(formName) {
        this.$refs[formName].resetFields();
      },
      removeDomain(item) {
        var index = this.dynamicValidateForm.domains.indexOf(item)
        if (index !== -1) {
          this.dynamicValidateForm.domains.splice(index, 1)
        }
      },
      addDomain() {
        this.dynamicValidateForm.domains.push({
          value: '',
          key: Date.now()
        });
      }
    }
  }
</script>

7.数字类型验证

数字类型的验证需要在 v-model 处加上 .number 的修饰符，这是 Vue 自身提供的用于将绑定值转化为 number 类型的修饰符。

<el-form :model="numberValidateForm" ref="numberValidateForm" label-width="100px" class="demo-ruleForm">
  <el-form-item
    label="年龄"
    prop="age"
    :rules="[
      { required: true, message: '年龄不能为空'},
      { type: 'number', message: '年龄必须为数字值'}
    ]"
  >
    <el-input type="age" v-model.number="numberValidateForm.age" autocomplete="off"></el-input>
  </el-form-item>
  <el-form-item>
    <el-button type="primary" @click="submitForm('numberValidateForm')">提交</el-button>
    <el-button @click="resetForm('numberValidateForm')">重置</el-button>
  </el-form-item>
</el-form>
<script>
  export default {
    data() {
      return {
        numberValidateForm: {
          age: ''
        }
      };
    },
    methods: {
      submitForm(formName) {
        this.$refs[formName].validate((valid) => {
          if (valid) {
            alert('submit!');
          } else {
            console.log('error submit!!');
            return false;
          }
        });
      },
      resetForm(formName) {
        this.$refs[formName].resetFields();
      }
    }
  }
</script>

嵌套在 el-form-item 中的 el-form-item 标签宽度默认为零，不会继承 el-form 的 label-width。如果需要可以为其单独设置 label-width 属性。

8.表单内组件尺寸控制

通过设置 Form 上的 size 属性可以使该表单内所有可调节大小的组件继承该尺寸。Form-Item 也具有该属性。

javascript 复制代码 
//如果希望某个表单项或某个表单组件的尺寸不同于 Form 上的size属性，直接为这个表单项或表单组件设置自己的size即可。

<el-form ref="form" :model="sizeForm" label-width="80px" size="mini">
  <el-form-item label="活动名称">
    <el-input v-model="sizeForm.name"></el-input>
  </el-form-item>
  <el-form-item label="活动区域">
    <el-select v-model="sizeForm.region" placeholder="请选择活动区域">
      <el-option label="区域一" value="shanghai"></el-option>
      <el-option label="区域二" value="beijing"></el-option>
    </el-select>
  </el-form-item>
  <el-form-item label="活动时间">
    <el-col :span="11">
      <el-date-picker type="date" placeholder="选择日期" v-model="sizeForm.date1" style="width: 100%;"></el-date-picker>
    </el-col>
    <el-col class="line" :span="2">-</el-col>
    <el-col :span="11">
      <el-time-picker placeholder="选择时间" v-model="sizeForm.date2" style="width: 100%;"></el-time-picker>
    </el-col>
  </el-form-item>
  <el-form-item label="活动性质">
    <el-checkbox-group v-model="sizeForm.type">
      <el-checkbox-button label="美食/餐厅线上活动" name="type"></el-checkbox-button>
      <el-checkbox-button label="地推活动" name="type"></el-checkbox-button>
      <el-checkbox-button label="线下主题活动" name="type"></el-checkbox-button>
    </el-checkbox-group>
  </el-form-item>
  <el-form-item label="特殊资源">
    <el-radio-group v-model="sizeForm.resource" size="medium">
      <el-radio border label="线上品牌商赞助"></el-radio>
      <el-radio border label="线下场地免费"></el-radio>
    </el-radio-group>
  </el-form-item>
  <el-form-item size="large">
    <el-button type="primary" @click="onSubmit">立即创建</el-button>
    <el-button>取消</el-button>
  </el-form-item>
</el-form>

<script>
  export default {
    data() {
      return {
        sizeForm: {
          name: '',
          region: '',
          date1: '',
          date2: '',
          delivery: false,
          type: [],
          resource: '',
          desc: ''
        }
      };
    },
    methods: {
      onSubmit() {
        console.log('submit!');
      }
    }
  };
</script>

Form表单组件的大致内容就是这些，若想深入浅出可以前往表单组件

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