在本文中，我们将探讨如何使用Selenium和Python自动预订车票。我们将以12306.cn网站为例，演示自动化预订车票的过程。通过阅读本文，您将更好地了解如何使用Selenium与网页进行交互。
准备工作
首先，我们需要安装Selenium库。您可以使用以下命令在您的Python环境中安装Selenium：
shell
pip install selenium
我们还需要下载适用于您的浏览器版本的chromedriver.exe。您可以从以下链接下载chromedriver.exe：chromedriver下载地址
代码解析
首先，让我们导入所需的库和模块：
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver import ActionChains
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.service import Service
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
from config import Config
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys
import time
import select
接下来，我们定义了一个函数 `isElementExist` ，用于判断元素是否存在：
def isElementExist(driver):
flag=True
ele = driver.find_elements(by=By.CLASS_NAME, value='btn72')
if len(ele) == 0:
flag = False
return flag
if len(ele) == 1:
return flag
else:
flag = False
return flag
然后，我们定义了一个函数 get_ticket ，用于预订车票：
def get_ticket(conf, driver, url):
driver.execute_cdp_cmd("Page.addScriptToEvaluateOnNewDocument", {"source": """Object.defineProperty(navigator, 'webdriver', {
get: () => undefined})"""})
driver.maximize_window()
driver.get(url)
driver.implicitly_wait(5)
login = driver.find_element(by=By.ID, value='J-btn-login')
login.click()
driver.implicitly_wait(10)
username_tag = driver.find_element(by=By.ID, value='J-userName')
username_tag.send_keys(conf.username)
password_tag = driver.find_element(by=By.ID, value='J-password')
password_tag.send_keys(conf.password)
login_now = driver.find_element(by=By.ID, value='J-login')
login_now.click()
time.sleep(20)
driver.find_element(by=By.XPATH, value='//*[@id="link_for_ticket"]').click()
driver.implicitly_wait(10)
driver.find_element(by=By.XPATH, value='//*[@id="fromStationText"]').click()
driver.find_element(by=By.XPATH, value='//*[@id="fromStationText"]').clear()
driver.find_element(by=By.XPATH, value='//*[@id="fromStationText"]').send_keys(conf.fromstation)
time.sleep(1)
driver.find_element(by=By.XPATH, value='//*[@id="fromStationText"]').send_keys(Keys.ENTER)
destination_tag = driver.find_element(by=By.XPATH, value='//*[@id="toStationText"]')
destination_tag.click()
destination_tag.clear()
destination_tag.send_keys(conf.destination)
time.sleep(1)
destination_tag.send_keys(Keys.ENTER)
driver.implicitly_wait(5)
date_tag = driver.find_element(by=By.XPATH, value='//*[@id="train_date"]')
date_tag.click()
date_tag.clear()
date_tag.send_keys(conf.date)
time.sleep(1)
query_tag = driver.find_element(by=By.XPATH, value='//*[@id="query_ticket"]')
start = time.time()
while True:
driver.implicitly_wait(5)
driver.execute_script("$(arguments[0]).click()", query_tag)
if not isElementExist(driver):
print(f"15点30分起售，现在是{time.strftime('%H:%M:%S', time.localtime())}，还未开始售票")
if time.time() - start >= 120:
driver.refresh()
start = time.time()
time.sleep(1)
continue
tickets = driver.find_elements(by=By.XPATH, value='//*[@id="queryLeftTable"]/tr')
tickets = [tickets[i] for i in range(len(tickets) - 1) if i % 2 == 0]
for ticket in tickets:
if ticket.find_element(by=By.CLASS_NAME,value='number').text == conf.trainnumber and ticket.find_element(by=By.XPATH, value='//td[8]').text != "候补":
ticket.find_element(by=By.CLASS_NAME, value='btn72').click()
driver.find_element(by=By.XPATH, value='//*[@id="normalPassenger_0"]').click()
driver.find_element(by=By.XPATH, value='//*[@id="submitOrder_id"]').click()
driver.find_element(by=By.XPATH, value='//html/body/div[5]/div/div[5]/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[2]/div[3]/div[2]/div[2]/ul[2]/li[2]/a[@id="1F"]').click()
driver.find_element(by=By.XPATH, value='//html/body/div[5]/div/div[5]/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[2]/div[8]/a[2][@id="qr_submit_id"]').click()
print(f"{conf.trainnumber}次列车抢票成功，请尽快在10分钟内支付！")
return
最后，我们使用了 Config 类来保存有关车票的配置信息，并在 main 函数中调用 get_ticket 函数来执行预订车票的操作：
if __name__ == '__main__':
conf = Config()
url = 'https://www.12306.cn/index/'
driver = webdriver.Chrome()
get_ticket(conf, driver, url)
time.sleep(10)
driver.quit()
结论
本文介绍了如何使用Selenium和Python自动预订车票。通过编写代码，我们可以自动化处理登录、预订车票等操作，从而节省时间和精力。希望本文对您有所帮助，谢谢阅读！