Java后台防止请求重复提交,拦截器+注解实现防止表单重复提交

一、前言

由于网络原因,用户操作有误(连续点击两次以上提交按钮),或者页面卡顿等原因,可能会出现请求重复提交,造成数据库保存多条重复数据。后端实现拦截器防重。

那么如何防止请求重复提交呢?一般有两种解决方案:

第一种:前端处理,在提交完成之后,将按钮禁用。

第二种:后端处理,使用拦截器拦截。

交给前端解决,判断多长时间内不能再次点击按钮,或者点击之后禁用按钮,当然,聪明的小伙伴能够绕过前端验证,因此推荐后端进行拦截处理。

二、实现思路

使用拦截器防止请求重复提交,本文模仿若依防重给大家分享,利用 AOP 切面在进入方法前拦截,通过 Session 或 Redis 的 key-value 键值对存储,指定 key+url+消息头 来拼成字符串组成 key,使用 请求参数+时间 封装 map 对象赋值 value,当 key 不存在时,则为新的请求;若存在,则对请求参数以及请求的间隔时间进行判断是否重复提交。

2.1、自定义注解防止表单重复提交

java 复制代码
package com.dian.jiao.interceptor.annotation;

import java.lang.annotation.*;

/**
 * 自定义注解防止表单重复提交
 */
@Inherited
@Target(ElementType.METHOD)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
public @interface RepeatSubmit {

    /**
     * 间隔时间(ms),小于此时间视为重复提交
     */
    public int interval() default 5000;

    /**
     * 提示消息
     */
    public String message() default "不允许重复提交,请稍候再试";
}

2.2、构建包装器

java 复制代码
package com.dian.jiao.interceptor.wrapper;

import com.dian.jiao.util.ServletUtils;

import javax.servlet.ReadListener;
import javax.servlet.ServletInputStream;
import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequestWrapper;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;

/**
 * 构建可重复读取inputStream的request
 */
public class RepeatedlyRequestWrapper extends HttpServletRequestWrapper {

    public final String UTF8 = "UTF-8";

    private final byte[] body;

    public RepeatedlyRequestWrapper(HttpServletRequest request, ServletResponse response) throws IOException {
        super(request);
        request.setCharacterEncoding(UTF8);
        response.setCharacterEncoding(UTF8);

        body = ServletUtils.getBodyString(request).getBytes(UTF8);
    }

    @Override
    public BufferedReader getReader() throws IOException {
        return new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(getInputStream()));
    }

    @Override
    public ServletInputStream getInputStream() throws IOException {
        final ByteArrayInputStream bais = new ByteArrayInputStream(body);
        return new ServletInputStream() {
            @Override
            public int read() throws IOException {
                return bais.read();
            }

            @Override
            public int available() throws IOException {
                return body.length;
            }

            @Override
            public boolean isFinished() {
                return false;
            }

            @Override
            public boolean isReady() {
                return false;
            }

            @Override
            public void setReadListener(ReadListener readListener) {

            }
        };
    }
}

2.3、防止重复提交拦截器

java 复制代码
package com.dian.jiao.interceptor;

import com.dian.jiao.interceptor.annotation.RepeatSubmit;
import com.dian.jiao.interceptor.wrapper.RepeatedlyRequestWrapper;
import com.dian.jiao.pojo.User;
import com.dian.jiao.util.CommonUtils;
import com.dian.jiao.util.ServletUtils;
import org.springframework.web.method.HandlerMethod;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerInterceptor;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

/**
 * 防止重复提交拦截器
 */
public class RepeatSubmitInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {

    @Override
    public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws Exception {
        if (handler instanceof HandlerMethod) {
            // 处理器方法
            HandlerMethod handlerMethod = (HandlerMethod) handler;
            // 获取处理方法中的注册方法
            Method method = handlerMethod.getMethod();
            // 从注册方法中获取到自定义注解
            RepeatSubmit annotation = method.getAnnotation(RepeatSubmit.class);
            // 判断注解是否存在
            if (annotation != null) {
                // 判断是否重复提交
                if (this.isRepeatSubmit(request, annotation)) {
                    // 将弹框字符串渲染到客户端
                    ServletUtils.alert(response, annotation.message());
                    return false;
                }
            }
        }
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * 验证是否重复提交,实现具体的防重复提交的规则
     */
    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    private boolean isRepeatSubmit(HttpServletRequest request, RepeatSubmit annotation) {
        HttpSession session = request.getSession();
        User user = (User) session.getAttribute("loginUser");

        String nowParams = "";
        if (request instanceof RepeatedlyRequestWrapper) {
            RepeatedlyRequestWrapper repeatedlyRequest = (RepeatedlyRequestWrapper) request;
            nowParams = ServletUtils.getBodyString(repeatedlyRequest);
        }

        // body参数为空,获取Parameter的数据
        if (nowParams == null || "".equals(nowParams.trim()) {
            nowParams = CommonUtils.toJSONString(request.getParameterMap());
        }

        Map<String, Object> nowDataMap = new HashMap<>(2);
        nowDataMap.put(CommonUtils.REPEAT_PARAMS, nowParams);
        nowDataMap.put(CommonUtils.REPEAT_TIME, System.currentTimeMillis());

        // 请求地址(作为存放cache的key值)
        String url = request.getRequestURI();
        // 用户ID
        String submitKey = user == null ? ServletUtils.getIpAddr(request) : String.valueOf(user.getId());
        // 唯一标识(指定key + url + 消息头)
        String cacheRepeatKey = CommonUtils.REPEAT_SUBMIT_KEY + url + submitKey;

        Object sessionObj = session.getAttribute(cacheRepeatKey);
        if (sessionObj != null) {
            Map<String, Object> sessionMap = (Map<String, Object>) sessionObj;
            if (sessionMap.containsKey(url)) {
                Map<String, Object> preDataMap = (Map<String, Object>) sessionMap.get(url);
                if (CommonUtils.compareParams(nowDataMap, preDataMap) && CommonUtils.compareTime(nowDataMap, preDataMap, annotation.interval())) {
                    return true;
                }
            }
        }
        Map<String, Object> cacheMap = new HashMap<>(1);
        cacheMap.put(url, nowDataMap);
        session.setAttribute(cacheRepeatKey, cacheMap);
        return false;
    }
}

2.4、客户端工具类

java 复制代码
package com.dian.jiao.util;

import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import java.io.*;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;

/**
 * 客户端工具类
 */
public class ServletUtils {

    /**
     * 获取body请求参数
     * @param request 请求对象{@link ServletRequest}
     * @return String
     */
    public static String getBodyString(ServletRequest request) {
        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
        BufferedReader reader = null;
        try (InputStream inputStream = request.getInputStream()) {
            reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(inputStream, StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
            String line = "";
            while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {
                sb.append(line);
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            if (reader != null) {
                try {
                    reader.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }
        return sb.toString();
    }

    /**
     * 将弹框字符串渲染到客户端
     *
     * @param response 渲染对象
     * @param msg 待渲染的弹框字符串
     */
    public static void alert(HttpServletResponse response, String msg) {
        try {
            response.reset();
            response.setHeader("Content-type", "text/html;charset=UTF-8");
            response.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
            PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
            out.print("<script>");
            out.print("alert(\"" + msg + "\");");
            out.print("history.back();");
            out.print("</script>");
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
    
	/**
     * 获取客户端IP
     * 
     * @param request 请求对象
     * @return IP地址
     */
    public static String getIpAddr(HttpServletRequest request) {
        if (request == null) {
            return "unknown";
        }
        String ip = request.getHeader("x-forwarded-for");
        if (ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) {
            ip = request.getHeader("Proxy-Client-IP");
        }
        if (ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) {
            ip = request.getHeader("X-Forwarded-For");
        }
        if (ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) {
            ip = request.getHeader("WL-Proxy-Client-IP");
        }
        if (ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) {
            ip = request.getHeader("X-Real-IP");
        }
        if (ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) {
            ip = request.getRemoteAddr();
        }
        return "0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1".equals(ip) ? "127.0.0.1" : getMultistageReverseProxyIp(ip);
    }

    /**
     * 从多级反向代理中获得第一个非unknown IP地址
     *
     * @param ip 获得的IP地址
     * @return 第一个非unknown IP地址
     */
    public static String getMultistageReverseProxyIp(String ip) {
        // 多级反向代理检测
        if (ip != null && ip.indexOf(",") > 0) {
            final String[] ips = ip.trim().split(",");
            for (String subIp : ips) {
                if (false == isUnknown(subIp)) {
                    ip = subIp;
                    break;
                }
            }
        }
        return StringUtils.substring(ip, 0, 255);
    }

    /**
     * 检测给定字符串是否为未知,多用于检测HTTP请求相关
     *
     * @param checkString 被检测的字符串
     * @return 是否未知
     */
    public static boolean isUnknown(String checkString) {
        return StringUtils.isBlank(checkString) || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(checkString);
    }
}

2.5、公共工具类

java 复制代码
package com.dian.jiao.util;

import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;

import java.util.Map;

public class CommonUtils {


    public static final String REPEAT_PARAMS = "repeatParams";

    public static final String REPEAT_TIME = "repeatTime";

    public static final String REPEAT_SUBMIT_KEY = "repeat_submit:";

    /**
     * 判断参数是否相同
     */
    public static boolean compareParams(Map<String, Object> nowMap, Map<String, Object> preMap) {
        String nowParams = (String) nowMap.get(REPEAT_PARAMS);
        String preParams = (String) preMap.get(REPEAT_PARAMS);
        return nowParams.equals(preParams);
    }

    /**
     * 判断两次间隔时间
     */
    public static boolean compareTime(Map<String, Object> nowMap, Map<String, Object> preMap, int interval) {
        long time1 = (Long) nowMap.get(REPEAT_TIME);
        long time2 = (Long) preMap.get(REPEAT_TIME);
        if ((time1 - time2) < interval) {
            return true;
        }
        return false;
    }
    
    public static String toJSONString(Object object) {
        if (object != null) {
            try {
                return new ObjectMapper().writeValueAsString(object);
            } catch (Exception e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        return null;
    }
}

2.6、配置springmvc-servlet.xml,添加拦截器

xml 复制代码
<mvc:interceptors>
    <mvc:interceptor>
        <mvc:mapping path="/**"/>
        <!-- 配置不拦截的请求 -->
        <mvc:exclude-mapping path="/login"/>
        <mvc:exclude-mapping path="/getCode"/>
        <bean class="com.dian.jiao.interceptor.RepeatSubmitInterceptor"/>
    </mvc:interceptor>
</mvc:interceptors>

三、使用教程

在接口方法上添加 @RepeatSubmit 注解即可,注解参数说明:

参数 类型 默认值 描述
interval int 5000 间隔时间(ms),小于此时间视为重复提交
message String 不允许重复提交,请稍后再试 提示消息

示例1:采用默认参数

java 复制代码
@RepeatSubmit
public AjaxResult addSave()
{
    return  AjaxResult.success();
}

示例2:指定防重复时间和错误消息

java 复制代码
@RepeatSubmit(interval = 3000, message = "您已经报名,不能重复报名")
public AjaxResult addSave()
{
    return  AjaxResult.success();
}

大功告成!

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