一、代码实现
python
import logging
import os
import threading
import time
from watchdog.events import FileSystemEventHandler
from watchdog.observers import Observer
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
class LogWatcher(FileSystemEventHandler):
def __init__(self, log_file, on_modified_callback=None):
""""
初始化 LogWatcher 类的实例。
参数:
- log_file:日志文件的路径
- on_modified_callback:可选的回调函数,在文件修改时调用
属性:
- log_file:日志文件的路径
- file_object:日志文件对象
- on_modified_callback:文件修改回调函数
- last_line:最后一行文本
- observer:观察者对象
- match_string:需要匹配的字符串
- stop_watching:停止监视的标志
"""
self.log_file = log_file
self.file_object = open(log_file, 'rb')
self.on_modified_callback = on_modified_callback
self.last_line = self.get_last_line() # 初始化时获取最后一行文本
self.observer = Observer()
self.observer.schedule(self, ".", recursive=False)
self.match_string = None
self.stop_watching = False
def start(self):
"""
启动观察者对象,开始监视文件变化。
"""
self.observer.start()
def stop(self):
"""
停止观察者对象,结束监视文件变化。
"""
self.observer.stop()
self.observer.join()
self.file_object.close()
def get_last_line(self):
"""
获取日志文件的最后一行文本。它通过将文件指针移动到文件末尾,然后逐个字符向前搜索,直到找到换行符为止。
返回值:
- 最后一行文本,如果文件为空则返回None
"""
# 将文件指针移动到文件末尾
self.file_object.seek(0, os.SEEK_END)
# 获取当前文件指针的位置(此时指针在最后一行的末尾)
position = self.file_object.tell()
try:
# 尝试向前移动两个字节
new_position = max(position - 2, 0)
self.file_object.seek(new_position, os.SEEK_SET)
except OSError as e:
# 如果发生错误,可能是文件太小,返回None
return None
# 逐个字符向前搜索,确保文件指针最终停在当前行的第一个字符处
while True:
# read(1)读取的是指针位置的下一个字符,每次调用read(1)都会读取一个字符,并将指针向后移动一个字符的位置。
char = self.file_object.read(1).decode('utf-8', errors='ignore')
if char == '\n':
break
if new_position == 0:
# 如果已经到达文件开头,跳出循环
break
# 尝试向前移动一个字节位置,确保不越界到文件开头
new_position = max(new_position - 1, 0)
# 将文件指针移动到新的位置
self.file_object.seek(new_position, os.SEEK_SET)
# last_line = self.file_object.readline().decode('utf-8', errors='ignore').strip()
last_line = self.file_object.read(position - new_position).decode('utf-8', errors='ignore').strip()
# 输出调试信息
logger.debug(f'Reading line: {last_line}')
return last_line
def on_modified(self, event):
"""
on_modified方法是FileSystemEventHandler的回调方法,当日志文件发生变化时,都会调用这个方法。
参数:
- event:文件变化事件对象
"""
# 注意,这里一个要用绝对路径比较,不能直接使用 event.src_path == self.log_file,
# event.src_path == self.log_file 的值为false
# if event.src_path == self.log_file:
if os.path.abspath(event.src_path) == os.path.abspath(self.log_file):
# 在文件发生变化时,实时获取最后一行文本
self.last_line = self.get_last_line()
# 用户可在外部传入一个回调方法,在文本发生变化时执行该事件
if self.on_modified_callback:
self.on_modified_callback()
# 调用基类的同名方法,以便执行基类的默认行为
super(LogWatcher, self).on_modified(event)
def tail_last_line_and_match(self, match_string=None, max_match_seconds=10):
"""
实时监控日志文件的变化,并实时获取最后一行文本。如果匹配到指定的字符串,停止监视。
参数:
- match_string:需要匹配的字符串
"""
self.match_string = match_string
self.start()
end_time = time.time() + max_match_seconds
try:
while not self.stop_watching and time.time() <= end_time:
if self.match_string and self.match_string in self.last_line:
self.stop_watching = True
except KeyboardInterrupt:
pass
self.stop_watching = True # 停止监视循环
def write_logs(log_file):
"""在新线程中写入日志"""
for i in range(10):
with open(log_file, 'a') as file:
file.write(f'New log entry {i}\n')
time.sleep(1) # 每秒写入一次日志
if __name__ == '__main__':
import logging
logging.basicConfig(level=logging.DEBUG)
log_file = 'demo.log'
# 创建日志文件并写入示例日志
with open(log_file, 'w') as file:
file.write('This is the first line of the log.\n')
file.write('This is the second line of the log.\n')
log_watcher = LogWatcher(log_file)
# 启动新线程写入日志
write_thread = threading.Thread(target=write_logs, args=(log_file,))
write_thread.start()
# 启动实时监控日志文件变化,并打印最后一行文本,直到匹配到指定字符串或超时才停止监视
log_watcher.tail_last_line_and_match(match_string='New log entry 9', max_match_seconds=20)
# 等待写入线程结束
write_thread.join()
三、Demo验证
运行代码,控制台的输出结果:
DEBUG:__main__:Reading line: This is the second line of the log.
DEBUG:__main__:Reading line: New log entry 0
DEBUG:__main__:Reading line: New log entry 1
DEBUG:__main__:Reading line: New log entry 2
DEBUG:__main__:Reading line: New log entry 3
DEBUG:__main__:Reading line: New log entry 4
DEBUG:__main__:Reading line: New log entry 5
DEBUG:__main__:Reading line: New log entry 6
DEBUG:__main__:Reading line: New log entry 7
DEBUG:__main__:Reading line: New log entry 8
DEBUG:__main__:Reading line: New log entry 9
Process finished with exit code 0
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