8利用路由器实现VLAN间路由

在第五节里聊过虚拟局域网构建，不同的虚拟局域网不能通信。但有时候，想让不同的虚拟局域网之间能够通信，需要怎么做？

主要有以下三种方式：

如果使用传统VLAN间路由，缺点比较多，后面有机会的话也会配置一下。

独臂路由

假设架构图如下所示，我们开始配置

在交换机上创建VLAN，设置PC的IP地址

csharp 复制代码

[SW1]vlan 10
[SW1-vlan10]port GigabitEthernet 1/0/1
[SW1-vlan10]quit
[SW1]vlan 20
[SW1-vlan20]port GigabitEthernet 1/0/2
[SW1-vlan20]quit

此时肯定是ping不通的。然后我们将30口配置为trunk，让流量能走到路由器

css 复制代码

[SW1]interface GigabitEthernet 1/0/30
[SW1-GigabitEthernet1/0/30]port link-type trunk
[SW1-GigabitEthernet1/0/30]port trunk permit vlan 10 20

最后在路由器上配置

csharp 复制代码

[RT1]int Gi 0/0/0.1
[RT1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.1]vlan-type dot1q vid 10
[RT1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.1]ip address 192.168.1.1 24
[RT1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.1]quit

[RT1]int G 0/0/0.2
[RT1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.2]vlan-type dot1q vid 20
[RT1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.2]ip add 192.168.2.1 24
[RT1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.2]quit

然后就能ping通了

python 复制代码

[H3C]ping 192.168.2.2
Ping 192.168.2.2 (192.168.2.2): 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break
56 bytes from 192.168.2.2: icmp_seq=0 ttl=254 time=22.723 ms
56 bytes from 192.168.2.2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=254 time=3.576 ms
56 bytes from 192.168.2.2: icmp_seq=2 ttl=254 time=3.182 ms
56 bytes from 192.168.2.2: icmp_seq=3 ttl=254 time=2.672 ms
56 bytes from 192.168.2.2: icmp_seq=4 ttl=254 time=3.692 ms

--- Ping statistics for 192.168.2.2 ---
5 packet(s) transmitted, 5 packet(s) received, 0.0% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max/std-dev = 2.672/7.169/22.723/7.785 ms
[H3C]%Dec 10 17:03:23:712 2023 H3C PING/6/PING_STATISTICS: Ping statistics for 192.168.2.2: 5 packet(s) transmitted, 5 packet(s) received, 0.0% packet loss, round-trip min/avg/max/std-dev = 2.672/7.169/22.723/7.785 ms.

三层交换机

三层交换机在二层交换机基础上增加了路由模块。如果使用三层交换机的话，能够不用路由器，节省成本；同时转发速率高，吞吐量大，避免了外部连接带来的延迟和不稳定性。

配置也比较简单，加入架构图如下所示：

配置一下PC机器的IP地址，然后配置交换机

csharp 复制代码

[SW1]vlan 10
[SW1-vlan10]port G 1/0/1
[SW1-vlan10]quit

[SW1]vlan 20
[SW1-vlan20]port G 1/0/2
[SW1-vlan20]quit

配置VLAN

csharp 复制代码

[SW1]int vlan 10
[SW1-Vlan-interface10]ip address 10.0.0.1 24
[SW1-Vlan-interface10]quit

[SW1]int vlan 20
[SW1-Vlan-interface20]ip address 20.0.0.1 24
[SW1-Vlan-interface20]quit

然后就可以ping通了

python 复制代码

<H3C>ping 20.0.0.2
Ping 20.0.0.2 (20.0.0.2): 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break
56 bytes from 20.0.0.2: icmp_seq=0 ttl=254 time=6.000 ms
56 bytes from 20.0.0.2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=254 time=3.000 ms
56 bytes from 20.0.0.2: icmp_seq=2 ttl=254 time=2.000 ms
56 bytes from 20.0.0.2: icmp_seq=3 ttl=254 time=3.000 ms
56 bytes from 20.0.0.2: icmp_seq=4 ttl=254 time=3.000 ms

--- Ping statistics for 20.0.0.2 ---
5 packet(s) transmitted, 5 packet(s) received, 0.0% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max/std-dev = 2.000/3.400/6.000/1.356 ms
%Dec 10 20:26:50:070 2023 H3C PING/6/PING_STATISTICS: Ping statistics for 20.0.0.2: 5 packet(s) transmitted, 5 packet(s) received, 0.0% packet loss, round-trip min/avg/max/std-dev = 2.000/3.400/6.000/1.356 ms.

总结

通过本节的学习，我们就能配置VLAN之间的相互访问了。

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