logback的使用 - 技术栈

1 logback概述

SLF4J的日志实现组件关系图如下所示。

SLF4J，即Java中的简单日志门面（Simple Logging Facade for Java），它为各种日志框架提供简单的抽象接口。

SLF4J最常用的日志实现框架是：log4j、logback。一般有slf4j+log4j、slf4j+log4j2、slf4j+logback三种日志组合。下面将介绍logback的简单使用和使用中遇到的常见问题。

2 引入依赖

java 复制代码

        <!--logback-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId>
            <artifactId>logback-classic</artifactId>
            <version>1.2.3</version>
        </dependency>

3 新增配置

在resources文件夹下面创建logback.xml配置文件。举例如下。

java 复制代码

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<configuration>

    <appender name="stdout" class="ch.qos.logback.core.ConsoleAppender">
        <encoder class="ch.qos.logback.core.encoder.LayoutWrappingEncoder">
            <layout class="ch.qos.logback.classic.PatternLayout">
                <Pattern>%d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.SSS} [%thread] %-5level %logger{1000}-%M:%L - %msg%n</Pattern>
            </layout>
        </encoder>
    </appender>

    <appender name="logstash" class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.RollingFileAppender">
        <file>/app/logs/demoForStudy/logstash.log</file>
        <rollingPolicy class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.SizeAndTimeBasedRollingPolicy">
            <!-- rollover daily -->
            <FileNamePattern>/app/logs/demoForStudy/logstash.%d{yyyy-MM-dd}-%i.log</FileNamePattern>
            <!-- each file should be at most 10MB, keep 2 days worth of history, but at most 100MB -->
            <maxFileSize>10MB</maxFileSize>
            <maxHistory>2</maxHistory>
            <totalSizeCap>100MB</totalSizeCap>
            <!-- archive removal will be executed on appender start up -->
            <cleanHistoryOnStart>true</cleanHistoryOnStart>
        </rollingPolicy>
        <layout class="ch.qos.logback.classic.PatternLayout">
            <pattern>%d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.SSS} [%thread] %-5level %logger{1000}-%M:%L - %msg%n</pattern>
        </layout>
    </appender>

<!--    <logger name="com.test" level="warn" additivity="false" >-->
<!--        <appender-ref ref="stdout" />-->
<!--    </logger>-->

    <root level="INFO">
        <appender-ref ref="stdout" />  <!-- 输出到控制台 -->
        <appender-ref ref="logstash" />   <!-- 输出到logstash -->
    </root>

</configuration>

参数说明如下。

appender（输出源）：主要控制日志输出到哪里，比如：文件、数据库、控制台打印等。
logger（记录器）：用来设置某一个包或者具体某一个类的日志打印级别、以及指定 appender。
root：也是一个 logger，是一个特殊的父 logger。所有的子 logger 最终都会将输出流交给 root，除非在子 logger 中配置了additivity="false"。
rollingPolicy：指定滚动策略，按照一定周期或文件大小切割存放日志文件，以及指定日志文件的最大大小。

4 问题排查

可能出现的问题如下。

4.1 LoggerFactory is not a Logback LoggerContext but Logback is on the classpath

4.1.1 报错

启动报错如下：

java 复制代码

SLF4J: Class path contains multiple SLF4J bindings.
SLF4J: Found binding in [jar:file:/softwareInstall/maven/repository/org/slf4j/slf4j-log4j12/1.7.30/slf4j-log4j12-1.7.30.jar!/org/slf4j/impl/StaticLoggerBinder.class]
SLF4J: Found binding in [jar:file:/softwareInstall/maven/repository/ch/qos/logback/logback-classic/1.2.3/logback-classic-1.2.3.jar!/org/slf4j/impl/StaticLoggerBinder.class]
SLF4J: See http://www.slf4j.org/codes.html#multiple_bindings for an explanation.
SLF4J: Actual binding is of type [org.slf4j.impl.Log4jLoggerFactory]
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: LoggerFactory is not a Logback LoggerContext but Logback is on the classpath. Either remove Logback or the competing implementation (class org.slf4j.impl.Log4jLoggerFactory loaded from file:/softwareInstall/maven/repository/org/slf4j/slf4j-log4j12/1.7.30/slf4j-log4j12-1.7.30.jar). If you are using WebLogic you will need to add 'org.slf4j' to prefer-application-packages in WEB-INF/weblogic.xml: org.slf4j.impl.Log4jLoggerFactory
	at org.springframework.util.Assert.instanceCheckFailed(Assert.java:702)
	at org.springframework.util.Assert.isInstanceOf(Assert.java:621)
	at org.springframework.boot.logging.logback.LogbackLoggingSystem.getLoggerContext(LogbackLoggingSystem.java:290)
	at org.springframework.boot.logging.logback.LogbackLoggingSystem.beforeInitialize(LogbackLoggingSystem.java:117)
	at org.springframework.boot.context.logging.LoggingApplicationListener.onApplicationStartingEvent(LoggingApplicationListener.java:232)
	at org.springframework.boot.context.logging.LoggingApplicationListener.onApplicationEvent(LoggingApplicationListener.java:213)
	at org.springframework.context.event.SimpleApplicationEventMulticaster.doInvokeListener(SimpleApplicationEventMulticaster.java:172)
	at org.springframework.context.event.SimpleApplicationEventMulticaster.invokeListener(SimpleApplicationEventMulticaster.java:165)
	at org.springframework.context.event.SimpleApplicationEventMulticaster.multicastEvent(SimpleApplicationEventMulticaster.java:139)
	at org.springframework.context.event.SimpleApplicationEventMulticaster.multicastEvent(SimpleApplicationEventMulticaster.java:127)
	at org.springframework.boot.context.event.EventPublishingRunListener.starting(EventPublishingRunListener.java:76)
	at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplicationRunListeners.lambda$starting$0(SpringApplicationRunListeners.java:53)
	at java.util.ArrayList.forEach(ArrayList.java:1257)
	at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplicationRunListeners.doWithListeners(SpringApplicationRunListeners.java:117)
	at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplicationRunListeners.starting(SpringApplicationRunListeners.java:53)
	at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.run(SpringApplication.java:317)
	at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.run(SpringApplication.java:1309)
	at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.run(SpringApplication.java:1298)
	at com.hn.liao.study.DemoForStudyApplication.main(DemoForStudyApplication.java:37)

4.1.2 问题原因

从报错可知，因为在项目中存在两种SLF4J的日志实现组件：slf4j-log4j12和logback-classic，即日志实现组件的包冲突导致项目启动报错。

4.1.3 排除slf4j-log4j12依赖

首先右键pom.xml文件，通过选项"Maven->show Depedencies"显示项目中包的依赖关系；
然后在依赖关系文件中直接搜索"slf4j-log4j12"找到该包；
最后选中该包右键，通过选项"Exclude"直接排除此依赖。

操作截图如下所示。

5 参考文献

（1）Chapter 4: Appenders

（2）logback详解

（3）IDEA 报错 LoggerFactory is not a Logback LoggerContext but Logback is on the classpath

（4）springboot 日志配置（logback）_springboot logback配置