目录
application/x-www-form-urlencoded
Content-Type是什么
Content-Type出现在请求标头和响应标头中,意思是内容类型,用于指定请求数据和响应数据的类型。客户端和服务端对不同数据类型的处理方式不同。
获取方式
可以通过HttpServletRequest对象来获取
java
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import lombok.RequiredArgsConstructor;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
@RestController
@RequiredArgsConstructor
public class DemoController {
private final HttpServletRequest request;
@RequestMapping("/test")
public String demo() {
String contentType = request.getContentType();
System.out.println(contentType);
return contentType;
}
}
测试结果:
设置方式
可以通过HttpServletResponse对象来设置
java
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import lombok.RequiredArgsConstructor;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import java.io.IOException;
@RestController
@RequiredArgsConstructor
public class DemoController {
private final HttpServletResponse response;
@RequestMapping("/test")
public void demo() throws IOException {
System.out.println("test success!");
response.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
response.setContentType("application/x-www-form-urlencoded;charset=utf-8");
String value = new ObjectMapper().writeValueAsString("test success!");
response.getWriter().write(value);
}
}
测试结果:
常见类型
application/x-www-form-urlencoded
用于表单提交,请求方式为POST,数据以键值对的形式携带在请求体中。如果包含中文或者特殊字符,会进行URL转码。
URL转码:URL转码是将URL中的非法字符替换为特殊字符序列的过程。URL中只允许出现英文字母、数字以及部分特殊字符,而其他字符(例如中文和一些特殊字符)是不允许直接出现的。如果URL中包含了这些非法字符,就需要进行转码,将其转换为URL允许的形式。中文一般使用utf-8编码进行转码。
例如:
html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Document</title>
</head>
<body>
<form method="POST" action="http://localhost:8080/test" enctype="application/x-www-form-urlencoded">
用户名:<input type="text" name="username" />
密码:<input type="password" name="password" />
<input type="submit" value="登录" />
</form>
</body>
</html>
接收方式:
java
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
@RestController
public class DemoController {
@PostMapping("/test")
public String demo(String username, String password) {
return "username=" + username + "password=" + password;
}
}
multipart/form-data
用于表单提交,请求方式为POST,上传文件。
例如:
html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Document</title>
</head>
<body>
<form method="POST" action="http://localhost:8080/test" enctype="multipart/form-data">
上传文件:<input type="file" name="file" />
<input type="submit" value="提交" />
</form>
</body>
</html>
接收方式:
java
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import org.springframework.web.multipart.MultipartFile;
@RestController
public class DemoController {
@PostMapping("/test")
public String demo(MultipartFile file) {
return file.getOriginalFilename();
}
}
application/json
指定数据的格式为json格式。
例如:
html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Document</title>
<script src="js/axios.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<input type="button" value="获取数据POST" onclick="post()">
</body>
<script>
function post() {
axios({
method: "post",
url: "http://localhost:8080/test",
data: {
"username": "艾伦",
"password": "123abc"
}
}).then(result => {
console.log(result.data)
})
}
</script>
</html>
接收方式:
java
import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;
@AllArgsConstructor
@Data
@NoArgsConstructor
public class UserLogin {
private String username;
private String password;
}
java
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
@RestController
public class DemoController {
@PostMapping("/test")
public String demo(@RequestBody UserLogin userLogin) {
return JSONObject.toJSONString(userLogin);
}
}
text/xml
xml格式的数据,现在已经不用了,被json格式的数据代替。
text/html
html格式的数据
text/plain
Content-Type默认的值就是text/plain,纯文本,不做任何数据处理。
例如:
html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Document</title>
</head>
<body>
<form method="POST" action="http://localhost:8080/test" enctype="text/plain">
用户名:<input type="text" name="username" />
密码:<input type="password" name="password" />
<input type="submit" value="登录" />
</form>
</body>
</html>