【PostgreSQL】从零开始:（二）PostgreSQL下载与安装
Winodws环境下载与安装PostgreSQL
下载PostgreSQL
也可以直接丁路到EDB网站直接下载 【下载地址】
安装PostgreSQL
安装完成后，如果勾选：Stack Builder may be used to download and install additional tools,drivers and applications to complement your PostgreSQL installation. 在Finish之后会运行Stack Builder，可用于下载和安装附加的工具、驱动程序和应用程序，以补充PostgreSQL安装。可以不勾选，勾选了会运行 Stack Builder安装插件。（本次安装不附带Stack Builder安装，附录^1^可以了解Stack Builder安装插件相关内容）
1.登录数据库
2.查看下我们已有的数据库
Liunx环境下载与安装PostgreSQL
使用YUM下载安装PostgreSQL
下面我们来演示一下
1.下载PostgreSQL安装包
bash
https://download.postgresql.org/pub/repos/yum/reporpms/EL-7-x86_64/pgdg-redhat-repo-latest.noarch.rpm执行结果:
bash
[root@postgre-sql ~]# yum install -y https://download.postgresql.org/pub/repos/yum/reporpms/EL-7-x86_64/pgdg-redhat-repo-latest.noarch.rpm
已加载插件：fastestmirror
pgdg-redhat-repo-latest.noarch.rpm | 8.6 kB 00:00:00
正在检查 /var/tmp/yum-root-rFo7Yw/pgdg-redhat-repo-latest.noarch.rpm: pgdg-redhat-repo-42.0-32.noarch
/var/tmp/yum-root-rFo7Yw/pgdg-redhat-repo-latest.noarch.rpm 将被安装
正在解决依赖关系
--> 正在检查事务
---> 软件包 pgdg-redhat-repo.noarch.0.42.0-32 将被 安装
--> 解决依赖关系完成
依赖关系解决
============================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================
Package 架构 版本 源 大小
============================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================
正在安装:
pgdg-redhat-repo noarch 42.0-32 /pgdg-redhat-repo-latest.noarch 13 k
事务概要
============================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================
安装 1 软件包
总计：13 k
安装大小：13 k
Downloading packages:
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
正在安装 : pgdg-redhat-repo-42.0-32.noarch 1/1
验证中 : pgdg-redhat-repo-42.0-32.noarch 1/1
已安装:
pgdg-redhat-repo.noarch 0:42.0-32
完毕！
[root@postgre-sql ~]# 2.安装PostgreSQL
折腾了半天，发现centos7的yum只有PostgreSQL15版本：见附录^2^，那我们就以15作为演示
bash
yum install -y postgresql15-server执行结果：
bash
[root@postgre-sql ~]# yum install -y postgresql15-server
已加载插件：fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
正在解决依赖关系
--> 正在检查事务
---> 软件包 postgresql15-server.x86_64.0.15.5-1PGDG.rhel7 将被 安装
--> 正在处理依赖关系 postgresql15-libs(x86-64) = 15.5-1PGDG.rhel7，它被软件包 postgresql15-server-15.5-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64 需要
--> 正在处理依赖关系 postgresql15(x86-64) = 15.5-1PGDG.rhel7，它被软件包 postgresql15-server-15.5-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64 需要
--> 正在处理依赖关系 libzstd.so.1()(64bit)，它被软件包 postgresql15-server-15.5-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64 需要
--> 正在处理依赖关系 libpq.so.5()(64bit)，它被软件包 postgresql15-server-15.5-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64 需要
--> 正在处理依赖关系 libicuuc.so.50()(64bit)，它被软件包 postgresql15-server-15.5-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64 需要
--> 正在处理依赖关系 libicui18n.so.50()(64bit)，它被软件包 postgresql15-server-15.5-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64 需要
--> 正在检查事务
---> 软件包 libicu.x86_64.0.50.2-4.el7_7 将被 安装
---> 软件包 postgresql15.x86_64.0.15.5-1PGDG.rhel7 将被 安装
--> 正在处理依赖关系 libzstd >= 1.4.0，它被软件包 postgresql15-15.5-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64 需要
--> 正在处理依赖关系 libzstd.so.1()(64bit)，它被软件包 postgresql15-15.5-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64 需要
---> 软件包 postgresql15-libs.x86_64.0.15.5-1PGDG.rhel7 将被 安装
---> 软件包 postgresql15-server.x86_64.0.15.5-1PGDG.rhel7 将被 安装
--> 正在处理依赖关系 libzstd.so.1()(64bit)，它被软件包 postgresql15-server-15.5-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64 需要
--> 解决依赖关系完成
错误：软件包：postgresql15-server-15.5-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64 (pgdg15)
需要：libzstd.so.1()(64bit)
错误：软件包：postgresql15-15.5-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64 (pgdg15)
需要：libzstd.so.1()(64bit)
错误：软件包：postgresql15-15.5-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64 (pgdg15)
需要：libzstd >= 1.4.0
您可以尝试添加 --skip-broken 选项来解决该问题
您可以尝试执行：rpm -Va --nofiles --nodigest
[root@postgre-sql ~]# 提示我们缺少包libzstd.so.1，libzstd >= 1.4.0
执行：
bash
yum install epel-release.noarch -y
yum install libzstd.x86_64 -y执行结果：
bash
[root@postgre-sql ~]# yum install epel-release.noarch -y
已加载插件：fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
正在解决依赖关系
--> 正在检查事务
---> 软件包 epel-release.noarch.0.7-11 将被 安装
--> 解决依赖关系完成
依赖关系解决
============================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================
Package 架构 版本 源 大小
============================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================
正在安装:
epel-release noarch 7-11 extras 15 k
事务概要
============================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================
安装 1 软件包
总下载量：15 k
安装大小：24 k
Downloading packages:
epel-release-7-11.noarch.rpm | 15 kB 00:00:00
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
正在安装 : epel-release-7-11.noarch 1/1
验证中 : epel-release-7-11.noarch 1/1
已安装:
epel-release.noarch 0:7-11
完毕！
[root@postgre-sql ~]# yum install libzstd.x86_64 -y
已加载插件：fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
epel/x86_64/metalink | 7.0 kB 00:00:00
* epel: mirror.nyist.edu.cn
epel | 4.7 kB 00:00:00
(1/3): epel/x86_64/group_gz | 99 kB 00:00:00
(2/3): epel/x86_64/updateinfo | 1.0 MB 00:00:00
(3/3): epel/x86_64/primary_db | 7.0 MB 00:00:00
正在解决依赖关系
--> 正在检查事务
---> 软件包 libzstd.x86_64.0.1.5.5-1.el7 将被 安装
--> 解决依赖关系完成
依赖关系解决
============================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================
Package 架构 版本 源 大小
============================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================
正在安装:
libzstd x86_64 1.5.5-1.el7 epel 292 k
事务概要
============================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================
安装 1 软件包
总下载量：292 k
安装大小：775 k
Downloading packages:
警告：/var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/epel/packages/libzstd-1.5.5-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: 头V4 RSA/SHA256 Signature, 密钥 ID 352c64e5: NOKEY 0% [ ] 0.0 B/s | 0 B --:--:-- ETA
libzstd-1.5.5-1.el7.x86_64.rpm 的公钥尚未安装
libzstd-1.5.5-1.el7.x86_64.rpm | 292 kB 00:00:00
从 file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-7 检索密钥
导入 GPG key 0x352C64E5:
用户ID : "Fedora EPEL (7) <epel@fedoraproject.org>"
指纹 : 91e9 7d7c 4a5e 96f1 7f3e 888f 6a2f aea2 352c 64e5
软件包 : epel-release-7-11.noarch (@extras)
来自 : /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-7
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
正在安装 : libzstd-1.5.5-1.el7.x86_64 1/1
验证中 : libzstd-1.5.5-1.el7.x86_64 1/1
已安装:
libzstd.x86_64 0:1.5.5-1.el7
完毕！
[root@postgre-sql ~]# 再次执行
bash
yum install -y postgresql15-server执行结果：
bash
[root@postgre-sql ~]# yum install -y postgresql15-server
已加载插件：fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* epel: mirror.nyist.edu.cn
正在解决依赖关系
--> 正在检查事务
---> 软件包 postgresql15-server.x86_64.0.15.5-1PGDG.rhel7 将被 安装
--> 正在处理依赖关系 postgresql15-libs(x86-64) = 15.5-1PGDG.rhel7，它被软件包 postgresql15-server-15.5-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64 需要
--> 正在处理依赖关系 postgresql15(x86-64) = 15.5-1PGDG.rhel7，它被软件包 postgresql15-server-15.5-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64 需要
--> 正在处理依赖关系 libpq.so.5()(64bit)，它被软件包 postgresql15-server-15.5-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64 需要
--> 正在处理依赖关系 libicuuc.so.50()(64bit)，它被软件包 postgresql15-server-15.5-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64 需要
--> 正在处理依赖关系 libicui18n.so.50()(64bit)，它被软件包 postgresql15-server-15.5-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64 需要
--> 正在检查事务
---> 软件包 libicu.x86_64.0.50.2-4.el7_7 将被 安装
---> 软件包 postgresql15.x86_64.0.15.5-1PGDG.rhel7 将被 安装
---> 软件包 postgresql15-libs.x86_64.0.15.5-1PGDG.rhel7 将被 安装
--> 解决依赖关系完成
依赖关系解决
============================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================
Package 架构 版本 源 大小
============================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================
正在安装:
postgresql15-server x86_64 15.5-1PGDG.rhel7 pgdg15 5.8 M
为依赖而安装:
libicu x86_64 50.2-4.el7_7 base 6.9 M
postgresql15 x86_64 15.5-1PGDG.rhel7 pgdg15 1.6 M
postgresql15-libs x86_64 15.5-1PGDG.rhel7 pgdg15 284 k
事务概要
============================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================
安装 1 软件包 (+3 依赖软件包)
总下载量：15 M
安装大小：58 M
Downloading packages:
(1/4): libicu-50.2-4.el7_7.x86_64.rpm | 6.9 MB 00:00:01
warning: /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/pgdg15/packages/postgresql15-15.5-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64.rpm: Header V4 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 442df0f8: NOKEY 52% [========================================================================= ] 3.3 MB/s | 7.6 MB 00:00:02 ETA
postgresql15-15.5-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64.rpm 的公钥尚未安装
(2/4): postgresql15-15.5-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64.rpm | 1.6 MB 00:00:03
(3/4): postgresql15-server-15.5-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64.rpm | 5.8 MB 00:00:00
(4/4): postgresql15-libs-15.5-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64.rpm | 284 kB 00:00:07
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
总计 1.9 MB/s | 15 MB 00:00:07
从 file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-PGDG 检索密钥
导入 GPG key 0x442DF0F8:
用户ID : "PostgreSQL RPM Building Project <pgsql-pkg-yum@postgresql.org>"
指纹 : 68c9 e2b9 1a37 d136 fe74 d176 1f16 d2e1 442d f0f8
软件包 : pgdg-redhat-repo-42.0-32.noarch (@/pgdg-redhat-repo-latest.noarch)
来自 : /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-PGDG
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
正在安装 : libicu-50.2-4.el7_7.x86_64 1/4
正在安装 : postgresql15-libs-15.5-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64 2/4
正在安装 : postgresql15-15.5-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64 3/4
正在安装 : postgresql15-server-15.5-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64 4/4
验证中 : postgresql15-15.5-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64 1/4
验证中 : postgresql15-server-15.5-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64 2/4
验证中 : postgresql15-libs-15.5-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64 3/4
验证中 : libicu-50.2-4.el7_7.x86_64 4/4
已安装:
postgresql15-server.x86_64 0:15.5-1PGDG.rhel7
作为依赖被安装:
libicu.x86_64 0:50.2-4.el7_7 postgresql15.x86_64 0:15.5-1PGDG.rhel7 postgresql15-libs.x86_64 0:15.5-1PGDG.rhel7
完毕！
[root@postgre-sql ~]# 3.初始化数据
bash
[root@postgre-sql ~]# /usr/pgsql-15/bin/postgresql-15-setup initdb
Initializing database ... OK
[root@postgre-sql ~]# 4.设置为开机启动
bash
[root@postgre-sql ~]# systemctl enable postgresql-15
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/postgresql-15.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/postgresql-15.service.
[root@postgre-sql ~]# 5.启动数据库
bash
[root@postgre-sql ~]# systemctl start postgresql-15
[root@postgre-sql ~]6.查看进程
bash
[root@postgre-sql ~]# ps -ef | grep postgres
postgres 3374 1 0 12:38 ? 00:00:00 /usr/pgsql-15/bin/postmaster -D /var/lib/pgsql/15/data/
postgres 3376 3374 0 12:38 ? 00:00:00 postgres: logger
postgres 3377 3374 0 12:38 ? 00:00:00 postgres: checkpointer
postgres 3378 3374 0 12:38 ? 00:00:00 postgres: background writer
postgres 3380 3374 0 12:38 ? 00:00:00 postgres: walwriter
postgres 3381 3374 0 12:38 ? 00:00:00 postgres: autovacuum launcher
postgres 3382 3374 0 12:38 ? 00:00:00 postgres: logical replication launcher
root 3411 3049 0 12:41 pts/1 00:00:00 grep --color=auto postgres
[root@postgre-sql ~]# 7.登录数据库
bash
[root@postgre-sql ~]# su - postgres
bash-4.2$ psql
psql (15.5)
输入 "help" 来获取帮助信息.
postgres=# 注意:默认用户是postgres，密码是没有的 需要进入数据后修改密码
bash
postgres=# \du
角色列表
角色名称 | 属性 | 成员属于
----------+--------------------------------------------+----------
postgres | 超级用户, 建立角色, 建立 DB, 复制, 绕过RLS | {}
postgres=# alter user postgres with password '12345678ab';
ALTER ROLE
postgres=# 验证密码是否正确
bash
bash-4.2$ psql -h127.0.0.1 -U postgres postgres
用户 postgres 的口令：
psql (15.5)
输入 "help" 来获取帮助信息.
postgres=# 下载源码包编译安装
可以通过官网下载也可以使用wget下载
通过官网下载
使用wget
1.安装规划
数据库用户 POSTGRESQL_USER=postgres
数据库用户组 POSTGRESQL_GROUP=postgres
数据库安装文件路径 POSTGRESQL_INSTALL_PATH=/root/postgresql_install
数据库版本号 POSTGRESQL_VERSION=16.1
数据库安装路径 POSTGRESQL_PATH=/opt/postgresql- P O S T G R E S Q L V E R S I O N 数据库端口号 P O S T G R E S Q L P O R T = 5432 数据库 D A T A 存放路径 P O S T G R E S Q L D A T A = / d a t a / {POSTGRESQL_VERSION} 数据库端口号 POSTGRESQL_PORT=5432 数据库DATA存放路径 POSTGRESQL_DATA=/data/ POSTGRESQLVERSION数据库端口号POSTGRESQLPORT=5432数据库DATA存放路径POSTGRESQLDATA=/data/{POSTGRESQL_VERSION}/data
2.创建用户组及用户并修改密码
bash
[root@postgre-sql ~]# groupadd postgres
[root@postgre-sql ~]# useradd -g postgres postgres
[root@postgre-sql ~]# passwd postgres
新的 密码：
无效的密码： 密码未通过字典检查 - 过于简单化/系统化
重新输入新的 密码：
passwd：所有的身份验证令牌已经成功更新。
[root@postgre-sql ~]# 3.修改root用户配置参数，并让其生效
bash
[root@postgre-sql ~]# vi .bash_profile
[root@postgre-sql ~]# cat .bash_profile
# .bash_profile
# Get the aliases and functions
if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then
. ~/.bashrc
fi
# User specific environment and startup programs
PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin
# 新增的Postgre自定义配置
export POSTGRESQL_USER=postgres
export POSTGRESQL_GROUP=postgres
export POSTGRESQL_INSTALL_PATH=/root/postgresql_install
export POSTGRESQL_VERSION=16.1
export POSTGRESQL_PATH=/opt/postgresql-${POSTGRESQL_VERSION}
export POSTGRESQL_PORT=5432
export POSTGRESQL_DATA=/data/${POSTGRESQL_VERSION}/data
N}/data
export PATH
[root@postgre-sql ~]# source .bash_profile
[root@postgre-sql ~]# echo ${POSTGRESQL_VERSION}
16.1
[root@postgre-sql ~]# 4.创建相关目录并授权
bash
[root@postgre-sql ~]# mkdir -p ${POSTGRESQL_INSTALL_PATH}
[root@postgre-sql ~]# mkdir -p ${POSTGRESQL_PATH}
[root@postgre-sql ~]# mkdir -p ${POSTGRESQL_DATA}
[root@postgre-sql ~]# chown -R postgres:postgres /data
[root@postgre-sql ~]# chown -R postgres:postgres /root/postgresql_install
[root@postgre-sql ~]# chown -R postgres:postgres /opt/postgresql-16.1/5.安装相关依赖
bash
yum -y install bzip2 gcc gcc-c++ epel-release llvm5.0 llvm5.0-devel clang libicu-devel perl-ExtUtils-Embed zlib-devel openssl openssl-devel pam-devel libxml2-devel libxslt-devel openldap-devel systemd-devel tcl-devel python-devel 6.下载PostgreSQL源码文件
bash
[root@postgre-sql ~]# cd postgresql_install/
[root@postgre-sql postgresql_install]# wget https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v16.1/postgresql-16.1.tar.bz2 --no-check-certificate
--2023-12-13 15:11:38-- https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v16.1/postgresql-16.1.tar.bz2
正在解析主机 ftp.postgresql.org (ftp.postgresql.org)... 147.75.85.69, 217.196.149.55, 72.32.157.246, ...
正在连接 ftp.postgresql.org (ftp.postgresql.org)|147.75.85.69|:443... 失败：拒绝连接。
正在连接 ftp.postgresql.org (ftp.postgresql.org)|217.196.149.55|:443... 已连接。
警告: 无法验证 ftp.postgresql.org 的由 "/C=US/O=Let's Encrypt/CN=R3" 颁发的证书:
颁发的证书已经过期。
已发出 HTTP 请求，正在等待回应... 200 OK
长度：24605482 (23M) [application/octet-stream]
正在保存至: "postgresql-16.1.tar.bz2"
100%[==================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================>] 24,605,482 5.53MB/s 用时 4.2s
2023-12-13 15:12:05 (5.53 MB/s) - 已保存 "postgresql-16.1.tar.bz2" [24605482/24605482])
[root@postgre-sql postgresql_install]# wget https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v16.1/postgresql-16.1.tar.bz2.md5 --no-check-certificate
--2023-12-13 15:12:18-- https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v16.1/postgresql-16.1.tar.bz2.md5
正在解析主机 ftp.postgresql.org (ftp.postgresql.org)... 217.196.149.55, 72.32.157.246, 87.238.57.227, ...
正在连接 ftp.postgresql.org (ftp.postgresql.org)|217.196.149.55|:443... 已连接。
警告: 无法验证 ftp.postgresql.org 的由 "/C=US/O=Let's Encrypt/CN=R3" 颁发的证书:
颁发的证书已经过期。
已发出 HTTP 请求，正在等待回应... 200 OK
长度：58 [text/plain]
正在保存至: "postgresql-16.1.tar.bz2.md5"
100%[==================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================>] 58 --.-K/s 用时 0s
2023-12-13 15:12:20 (7.99 MB/s) - 已保存 "postgresql-16.1.tar.bz2.md5" [58/58])
[root@postgre-sql postgresql_install]# ls -l
总用量 24036
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 24605482 11月 7 06:19 postgresql-16.1.tar.bz2
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 58 11月 7 06:19 postgresql-16.1.tar.bz2.md5
[root@postgre-sql postgresql_install]# 2.校验文件
bash
[root@postgre-sql postgresql_install]# md5sum postgresql-16.1.tar.bz2
9cbfb9076ed06384471802b850698a6d postgresql-16.1.tar.bz2
[root@postgre-sql postgresql_install]# cat postgresql-16.1.tar.bz2.md5
9cbfb9076ed06384471802b850698a6d postgresql-16.1.tar.bz2
[root@postgre-sql postgresql_install]# 两个MD5值一致就代表包是完整的
3.解压源码文件
bash
[root@postgre-sql postgresql_install]# tar -xjvf postgresql-16.1.tar.bz2
[root@postgre-sql postgresql_install]# ls -l
总用量 24040
drwxrwxrwx. 6 1107 1107 4096 11月 7 06:18 postgresql-16.1
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 24605482 11月 7 06:19 postgresql-16.1.tar.bz2
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 58 11月 7 06:19 postgresql-16.1.tar.bz2.md5
[root@postgre-sql postgresql_install]# 7.进入数据库源文件目录，给configure加运行权限
bash
[root@postgre-sql postgre_install]# cd postgresql-16.1/
[root@postgre-sql postgresql-16.1]# chmod +x configure8.执行以下语句开始编译PostgreSQL
bash
./configure --prefix=${POSTGRESQL_PATH} --with-pgport=${POSTGRESQL_PORT}
make
make install然后再执行
9.查看数据库文件
bash
[root@postgre-sql postgresql-16.1]# cd /opt/postgresql-16.1/
[root@postgre-sql postgresql-16.1]# ls -l
总用量 16
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 12月 13 14:15 bin
drwxr-xr-x. 6 root root 4096 12月 13 14:15 include
drwxr-xr-x. 4 root root 4096 12月 13 14:15 lib
drwxr-xr-x. 6 root root 4096 12月 13 14:15 share
[root@postgre-sql postgresql-16.1]# 这里我们已经编译成功了
10.配置postgres用户环境变量
bash
[postgres@postgre-sql ~]$ vi .bash_profile
[postgres@postgre-sql ~]$ cat .bash_profile
# .bash_profile
# Get the aliases and functions
if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then
. ~/.bashrc
fi
# User specific environment and startup programs
PATH=$PATH:$HOME/.local/bin:$HOME/bin
## 新添加配置
export POSTGRESQL_USER=postgres
export POSTGRESQL_GROUP=postgres
export POSTGRESQL_INSTALL_PATH=/root/postgresql_install
export POSTGRESQL_VERSION=16.1
export POSTGRESQL_PATH=/opt/postgresql-${POSTGRESQL_VERSION}
export POSTGRESQL_PORT=5432
export POSTGRESQL_DATA=/data/${POSTGRESQL_VERSION}/data
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=${POSTGRESQL_PATH}/lib:/usr/local/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH
export PATH=${POSTGRESQL_PATH}/bin:$PATH
export PGDATA=${POSTGRESQL_DATA}
export PATH
[postgres@postgre-sql ~]$ source .bash_profile
[postgres@postgre-sql ~]$ echo $PGDATA
/data/16.1/data
[postgres@postgre-sql ~]$ 11.创建数据库实例
bash
[postgres@postgre-sql ~]$ initdb -A md5 -D $PGDATA -E 'UTF8' --pwfile=<(printf "%s" "12345678ab")
The files belonging to this database system will be owned by user "postgres".
This user must also own the server process.
The database cluster will be initialized with locale "zh_CN.UTF-8".
initdb: could not find suitable text search configuration for locale "zh_CN.UTF-8"
The default text search configuration will be set to "simple".
Data page checksums are disabled.
creating directory /data/16.1/data ... ok
creating subdirectories ... ok
selecting dynamic shared memory implementation ... posix
selecting default max_connections ... 100
selecting default shared_buffers ... 128MB
selecting default time zone ... Asia/Shanghai
creating configuration files ... ok
running bootstrap script ... ok
performing post-bootstrap initialization ... ok
syncing data to disk ... ok
Success. You can now start the database server using:
pg_ctl -D /data/16.1/data -l logfile start
[postgres@postgre-sql ~]$12.启动数据库
bash
[postgres@postgre-sql ~]$ pg_ctl -D /data/16.1/data start
waiting for server to start....2023-12-13 15:51:24.695 CST [28517] LOG: starting PostgreSQL 16.1 on x86_64-pc-linux-gnu, compiled by gcc (GCC) 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-44), 64-bit
2023-12-13 15:51:24.698 CST [28517] LOG: listening on IPv6 address "::1", port 5432
2023-12-13 15:51:24.698 CST [28517] LOG: listening on IPv4 address "127.0.0.1", port 5432
2023-12-13 15:51:24.701 CST [28517] LOG: listening on Unix socket "/tmp/.s.PGSQL.5432"
2023-12-13 15:51:24.707 CST [28520] LOG: database system was shut down at 2023-12-13 15:51:14 CST
2023-12-13 15:51:24.710 CST [28517] LOG: database system is ready to accept connections
done
server started
[postgres@postgre-sql ~]$ 13.登陆数据库
bash
[postgres@postgre-sql ~]$ psql -U postgres -d postgres
Password for user postgres:
psql (16.1)
Type "help" for help.
postgres=# \l
List of databases
Name | Owner | Encoding | Locale Provider | Collate | Ctype | ICU Locale | ICU Rules | Access privileges
-----------+----------+----------+-----------------+-------------+-------------+------------+-----------+-----------------------
postgres | postgres | UTF8 | libc | zh_CN.UTF-8 | zh_CN.UTF-8 | | |
template0 | postgres | UTF8 | libc | zh_CN.UTF-8 | zh_CN.UTF-8 | | | =c/postgres +
| | | | | | | | postgres=CTc/postgres
template1 | postgres | UTF8 | libc | zh_CN.UTF-8 | zh_CN.UTF-8 | | | =c/postgres +
| | | | | | | | postgres=CTc/postgres
(3 rows)
postgres=# 登陆数据库并查看到了数据库列表，到这里部署已经完成了
14.设置开机自起
bash
[root@postgre-sql ~]# cat >/usr/lib/systemd/system/postgresql.service <<-EOF
[Unit]
Description=PostgreSQL v${POSTGRESQL_VERSION} database server
Documentation=https://www.postgresql.org
Requires=network.target local-fs.target
After=network.target local-fs.target
[Service]
Type=forking
User=postgres
Group=postgres
Environment=PGDATA=/data/${POSTGRESQL_VERSION}/data
OOMScoreAdjust=-1000
ExecStart=${POSTGRESQL_PATH}/bin/pg_ctl start -D \${PGDATA}
ExecStop=${POSTGRESQL_PATH}/bin/pg_ctl stop -D \${PGDATA}
ExecReload=${POSTGRESQL_PATH}/bin/pg_ctl reload -D \${PGDATA}
ExecRestart=${POSTGRESQL_PATH}/bin/pg_ctl restart -D \${PGDATA}
TimeoutSec=0
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
[root@postgre-sql ~]# systemctl daemon-reload
[root@postgre-sql ~]# systemctl enable --now postgresql.service
Postgis 是数据库地理信息位图的插件，用户开启GIS拓展
pem-httpd 是http服务工具
bash
[root@postgre-sql ~]# yum search postgresql1
已加载插件：fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
========================================================================================================================================================= N/S matched: postgresql1 =========================================================================================================================================================
postgresql12-odbc-debuginfo.x86_64 : Debug information for package postgresql12-odbc
postgresql11.x86_64 : PostgreSQL client programs and libraries
postgresql11-contrib.x86_64 : Contributed source and binaries distributed with PostgreSQL
postgresql11-devel.x86_64 : PostgreSQL development header files and libraries
postgresql11-docs.x86_64 : Extra documentation for PostgreSQL
postgresql11-libs.x86_64 : The shared libraries required for any PostgreSQL clients
postgresql11-llvmjit.x86_64 : Just-in-time compilation support for PostgreSQL
postgresql11-odbc.x86_64 : PostgreSQL ODBC driver
postgresql11-plperl.x86_64 : The Perl procedural language for PostgreSQL
postgresql11-plpython.x86_64 : The Python procedural language for PostgreSQL
postgresql11-plpython3.x86_64 : The Python3 procedural language for PostgreSQL
postgresql11-pltcl.x86_64 : The Tcl procedural language for PostgreSQL
postgresql11-server.x86_64 : The programs needed to create and run a PostgreSQL server
postgresql11-tcl.x86_64 : A Tcl client library for PostgreSQL
postgresql11-test.x86_64 : The test suite distributed with PostgreSQL
postgresql12.x86_64 : PostgreSQL client programs and libraries
postgresql12-contrib.x86_64 : Contributed source and binaries distributed with PostgreSQL
postgresql12-devel.x86_64 : PostgreSQL development header files and libraries
postgresql12-docs.x86_64 : Extra documentation for PostgreSQL
postgresql12-libs.x86_64 : The shared libraries required for any PostgreSQL clients
postgresql12-llvmjit.x86_64 : Just-in-time compilation support for PostgreSQL
postgresql12-odbc.x86_64 : PostgreSQL ODBC driver
postgresql12-plperl.x86_64 : The Perl procedural language for PostgreSQL
postgresql12-plpython.x86_64 : The Python procedural language for PostgreSQL
postgresql12-plpython3.x86_64 : The Python3 procedural language for PostgreSQL
postgresql12-pltcl.x86_64 : The Tcl procedural language for PostgreSQL
postgresql12-server.x86_64 : The programs needed to create and run a PostgreSQL server
postgresql12-tcl.x86_64 : A Tcl client library for PostgreSQL
postgresql12-test.x86_64 : The test suite distributed with PostgreSQL
postgresql13.x86_64 : PostgreSQL client programs and libraries
postgresql13-contrib.x86_64 : Contributed source and binaries distributed with PostgreSQL
postgresql13-devel.x86_64 : PostgreSQL development header files and libraries
postgresql13-docs.x86_64 : Extra documentation for PostgreSQL
postgresql13-libs.x86_64 : The shared libraries required for any PostgreSQL clients
postgresql13-llvmjit.x86_64 : Just-in-time compilation support for PostgreSQL
postgresql13-odbc.x86_64 : PostgreSQL ODBC driver
postgresql13-plperl.x86_64 : The Perl procedural language for PostgreSQL
postgresql13-plpython3.x86_64 : The Python3 procedural language for PostgreSQL
postgresql13-pltcl.x86_64 : The Tcl procedural language for PostgreSQL
postgresql13-server.x86_64 : The programs needed to create and run a PostgreSQL server
postgresql13-test.x86_64 : The test suite distributed with PostgreSQL
postgresql14.x86_64 : PostgreSQL client programs and libraries
postgresql14-contrib.x86_64 : Contributed source and binaries distributed with PostgreSQL
postgresql14-devel.x86_64 : PostgreSQL development header files and libraries
postgresql14-docs.x86_64 : Extra documentation for PostgreSQL
postgresql14-libs.x86_64 : The shared libraries required for any PostgreSQL clients
postgresql14-llvmjit.x86_64 : Just-in-time compilation support for PostgreSQL
postgresql14-odbc.x86_64 : PostgreSQL ODBC driver
postgresql14-plperl.x86_64 : The Perl procedural language for PostgreSQL
postgresql14-plpython3.x86_64 : The Python3 procedural language for PostgreSQL
postgresql14-pltcl.x86_64 : The Tcl procedural language for PostgreSQL
postgresql14-server.x86_64 : The programs needed to create and run a PostgreSQL server
postgresql14-tcl.x86_64 : A Tcl client library for PostgreSQL
postgresql14-test.x86_64 : The test suite distributed with PostgreSQL
postgresql15.x86_64 : PostgreSQL client programs and libraries
postgresql15-contrib.x86_64 : Contributed source and binaries distributed with PostgreSQL
postgresql15-devel.x86_64 : PostgreSQL development header files and libraries
postgresql15-docs.x86_64 : Extra documentation for PostgreSQL
postgresql15-libs.x86_64 : The shared libraries required for any PostgreSQL clients
postgresql15-llvmjit.x86_64 : Just-in-time compilation support for PostgreSQL
postgresql15-odbc.x86_64 : PostgreSQL ODBC driver
postgresql15-plperl.x86_64 : The Perl procedural language for PostgreSQL
postgresql15-plpython3.x86_64 : The Python3 procedural language for PostgreSQL
postgresql15-pltcl.x86_64 : The Tcl procedural language for PostgreSQL
postgresql15-server.x86_64 : The programs needed to create and run a PostgreSQL server
postgresql15-tcl.x86_64 : A Tcl client library for PostgreSQL
postgresql15-test.x86_64 : The test suite distributed with PostgreSQL
名称和简介匹配 only，使用"search all"试试。
[root@postgre-sql ~]# -
Stack Builder
Add-ons,tools and utilities的展开项是插件:
EDB language PACK 是pgAdmin工具的中文包
pgAgent 是pg数据库计划任务插件：用来实现PostgreSQL 的自动任务执行
pgBouncer是 PostgreSQL的轻量的连接池
Database Drivers的展开项是数据库驱动
Database Server的展开项是数据库服务
migrationtoolkit 是数据库的迁移工具
PEM SQL profiler pulgin 是数据库的性能监控工具
Postgres Enterprise Manager 是postgresql管理和监控工具
replication server 是postgresql复制服务，用于搭建集群
sql/protect 是数据库的防火墙工具 ↩︎
-
PostgreSQL yum支持列表
