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用llama.cpp部署本地llama2-7b大模型
前言
要解决问题: 使用一个准工业级大模型, 进行部署, 测试, 了解基本使用方法.
想到的思路: llama.cpp, 不必依赖显卡硬件平台. 目前最亲民的大模型基本就是llama2了, 并且开源配套的部署方案已经比较成熟了.
其它的补充: 干就行了.
一、下载llama.cpp以及llama2-7B模型文件
llama.cpp开源社区, 目前只有一个问题, 就是网络, 如果你不能连接github, 那么就不用往下看了.
从网站下载最新的Releases包, 解压即可.
我是用比较笨的方法, 下载源代码编译的, 这个比较抽象, 如果运气好, CMAKE可以很快构建,
如果运气不好, 那没什么办法, 玩C++不是请客吃饭, 有时候就要经受一些debug折磨,
通常没事不要挑战自己, 有现成编译好的, 就用现成的, 我是想看看它怎么实现, 其实也是徒劳, 但有点好处, 就是有问题, 可以尝试搞一下, 比如模型格式转换,
能上梯子的, 可以去官方https://huggingface.co/meta-llama/Llama-2-7b下载, 不能登梯子的, 去阿里https://www.modelscope.cn/home魔塔社区, 搜一下llama2-7B, 注意模型格式务必是gguf, ggml将陆续不再被支持.
二、具体调用
因为只是单机运行, 所以部署这个大词儿, 我下面就直接换成调用了.
llama.cpp的官方文档中说:
bash
Plain C/C++ implementation without dependencies
Apple silicon first-class citizen - optimized via ARM NEON, Accelerate and Metal frameworks
AVX, AVX2 and AVX512 support for x86 architectures
Mixed F16 / F32 precision
2-bit, 3-bit, 4-bit, 5-bit, 6-bit and 8-bit integer quantization support
CUDA, Metal and OpenCL GPU backend support纯C++实现, 无需其它依赖, 要知道, 当初我为了调用whisper可是足足下了6个多G的依赖, 并且被Windows平台整放弃了, 不得不转投Linux才整好, 国内的网络环境, 搞这么多东西, 你知道我是用了多少时间.
苹果系统不熟, 就不吹了, X86还是可以的, 不依赖显卡, 但像AVX这样的CPU加速指令集基本都支持, 效果并不慢, 尤其对于不那么大的大模型.
支持量化模型, 也就是说, 你可以省硬盘和内存, 不至于跑不起来, 但是效果稍微差那么一丁点, 又不是不能用对吧.
另外, 其实还是支持CUDA的, 这个在你确定自己的机器符合要求的情况, 可以下载对应的版本,
至于cuda的环境建立, 那是比本文难上一个量级的东西, 自己去搞吧.
现在假定你已经完成了下载, 并且已经跃跃欲试了, 请执行如下命令
bash
main.exe -m models\7B\ggml-model.gguf --prompt "Once upon a time"main是llama.cpp的执行程序, 你如果自编译大概是这个名, 用社区提供的可执行文件可能是llama.cpp.exe, 不重要, 你知道的.
-m选项是引入模型, 不要有中文路径, 如果不清楚相对路径, 就使用绝对路径.
--prompt 是提示词, 这个就不用我多说了, 就是给大模型开个头, 然后它给你编故事.
类似:
bash
system_info: n_threads = 8 / 16 | AVX = 1 | AVX2 = 1 | AVX512 = 0 | AVX512_VBMI = 0 | AVX512_VNNI = 0 | FMA = 1 | NEON = 0 | ARM_FMA = 0 | F16C = 1 | FP16_VA = 0 | WASM_SIMD = 0 | BLAS =
1 | SSE3 = 1 | VSX = 0 |
sampling: repeat_last_n = 64, repeat_penalty = 1.100000, presence_penalty = 0.000000, frequency_penalty = 0.000000, top_k = 40, tfs_z = 1.000000, top_p = 0.950000, typical_p = 1.000000, temp = 0.800000, mirostat = 0, mirostat_lr = 0.100000, mirostat_ent = 5.000000
generate: n_ctx = 512, n_batch = 512, n_predict = -1, n_keep = 0
Once upon a time, I was sitting in my living room when the thought struck me:
"I'm going to make a list of 100 books everyone should read. références, and put them up here."
Then it occurred to me that there were other lists out there already, so I decided I needed to come up with something more original.
Thus was born my 100 Best Novels list, which you can find on my old blog.
That list was a lot of fun but I eventually realized the problem with having a best-of list: it presumes you're only going to read one book by any given author or that any particular novel is universally regarded as a masterpiece in every culture.
This doesn't even take into account the fact that there are many authors who have written a lot of books, and I wasn't interested in recommending only a single work by each of them.下一步就是研究如何优化prompt了, 如果你有源码, 会发现, 官方提供了十分友好的prompt示例, 比如:
chat-with-bob.txt
bash
Transcript of a dialog, where the User interacts with an Assistant named Bob. Bob is helpful, kind, honest, good at writing, and never fails to answer the User's requests immediately and with precision.
User: Hello, Bob.
Bob: Hello. How may I help you today?
User: Please tell me the largest city in Europe.
Bob: Sure. The largest city in Europe is Moscow, the capital of Russia.
User:配合如下命令:
bash
E:\clangC++\llama\llama-b1715-bin-win-avx-x64\llama.cpp.exe -m D:\bigModel\llama-2-7b.ggmlv3.q4_0.gguf -c 512 -b 1024 -n 256 --keep 48 --repeat_penalty 1.0 --color -i -r "User:" -f E:\clangC++\llama\llama.cpp-master\prompts\chat-with-bob.txt你将获得chat版对话模型:
bash
system_info: n_threads = 8 / 16 | AVX = 1 | AVX2 = 0 | AVX512 = 0 | AVX512_VBMI = 0 | AVX512_VNNI = 0 | FMA = 0 | NEON = 0 | ARM_FMA = 0 | F16C = 0 | FP16_VA = 0 | WASM_SIMD = 0 | BLAS = 0 | SSE3 = 0 | SSSE3 = 0 | VSX = 0 |
main: interactive mode on.
Reverse prompt: 'User:'
sampling:
repeat_last_n = 64, repeat_penalty = 1.000, frequency_penalty = 0.000, presence_penalty = 0.000
top_k = 40, tfs_z = 1.000, top_p = 0.950, min_p = 0.050, typical_p = 1.000, temp = 0.800
mirostat = 0, mirostat_lr = 0.100, mirostat_ent = 5.000
sampling order:
CFG -> Penalties -> top_k -> tfs_z -> typical_p -> top_p -> min_p -> temp
generate: n_ctx = 512, n_batch = 1024, n_predict = 256, n_keep = 48
== Running in interactive mode. ==
- Press Ctrl+C to interject at any time.
- Press Return to return control to LLaMa.
- To return control without starting a new line, end your input with '/'.
- If you want to submit another line, end your input with '\'.
Transcript of a dialog, where the User interacts with an Assistant named Bob. Bob is helpful, kind, honest, good at writing, and never fails to answer the User's requests immediately and with precision.
User: Hello, Bob.
Bob: Hello. How may I help you today?
User: Please tell me the largest city in Europe.
Bob: Sure. The largest city in Europe is Moscow, the capital of Russia.
User: please sing a song.
Bob: I am sorry. I am not a singing Assistant, but I can write you a song.
User:注意, 模型根据prompt设定, 是一个助理, 善于写作, 友善而诚实, 会耐心的回答你的问题.
这个还是满重要的, 我有一回没有使用这些约束, 结果就出了点少儿不宜的东西, 当然, 只是擦边文字, 不过, 如果你在给领导或给学生演示, 就尴尬了.
当然, 这个模型真的不大, 基本也只能限于普通的短对话, 至于辅助编程, 辅助编故事, 还是差点意思.
毕竟如果自己搞两天就能媲美chatGPT, 那谷歌微软就要哭晕在厕所了.
当然, 除了7b的还有13b的以及70b的, 关键是就算知道大的好, 问题是真的跑不动, 硬件确实差点意思, 有这钱, 直接GPT4不好么.
总结
现在AI是如火如荼, 傻子都知道这是风口, 但不用多少智商, 也应该知道, 自己烧大模型, 纯属扯淡, 还是让一线公司开源, 咱们跟着玩玩吧, 如果对这方面足够了解, 可以试试用自己的数据进行微调, 但这个话题, 本文作者并不会, 就不瞎唠叨了.
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