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前言
表和表之间都会有关联关系,在Nest
项目中我们应该如何联表查询返回数据给客户端呢?
多表关联查询
我们先定义三张表,User、Artcle、Attachment,以User表为主表,以user.id作为外键查询。
定义实体类
User 实体类
typescript
// 文件目录: src/entities/user.entity.ts
import { Column, Entity, PrimaryColumn } from "typeorm";
@Entity('user')
export class User {
@PrimaryColumn()
id: string;
@Column()
nickname: string;
@Column()
username: string;
@Column()
password: string;
@Column()
avator: string;
@Column()
email: string;
}
Article 实体类
typescript
// 文件目录: src/entities/article.entity.ts
import { Column, Entity, PrimaryColumn } from "typeorm";
@Entity('article')
export class Article {
@PrimaryColumn()
id: string;
@Column()
title: string;
@Column()
link: string;
@Column()
fileId: string;
@Column('text')
content: string;
@Column()
categoryId: string;
@Column()
formatId: number;
@Column()
originId: number;
@Column()
user_id: string;
}
Attachment 实体类
typescript
// 文件目录: src/entities/attachment.entity.ts
import { Column, Entity, PrimaryColumn } from "typeorm";
@Entity('attachment')
export class Attachment {
@PrimaryColumn()
id: string;
@Column()
originName: string;
@Column()
size: number;
@Column()
filePath: string;
@Column()
user_id: string;
}
关联关系
typescript
user.id === article.user_id && user.id === attachment.user_id
UserModule 模块文件
typescript
import { Module } from "@nestjs/common";
import { TypeOrmModule } from "@nestjs/typeorm";
import { UserController } from "./user.controller";
import { User } from "../../entities/user.entity";
import { UserService } from "./user.service";
import { Article } from "src/entities/article.entity";
import { Attachment } from "src/entities/attachment.entity";
@Module({
imports: [TypeOrmModule.forFeature([User, Article, Attachment])],
controllers: [UserController],
providers: [UserService]
})
export class UserModule {}
注意:
-
这里一定要在 imports 中导入使用的实体类,否则 nestjs 框架无法通过 new 进行实例化相应类型的实例对象
typescript@Module({ imports: [TypeOrmModule.forFeature([User, Article, Attachment])], ... })
UserService 文件
typescript
import { Injectable } from "@nestjs/common";
import { InjectRepository } from "@nestjs/typeorm";
import { Article } from "../../entities/article.entity";
import { Attachment } from "../../entities/attachment.entity";
import { Repository } from "typeorm";
import { User } from "../../entities/user.entity";
@Injectable()
export class UserService {
constructor(@InjectRepository(User) private readonly userRepository: Repository<User>){}
// 三张表关联查询
getAttachment(): Promise<any> {
return this.userRepository.createQueryBuilder()
.leftJoinAndSelect(Article, 'article', 'user.id = article.createBy')
.leftJoinAndSelect(Attachment, 'attachment', 'user.id = attachment.createBy')
.select(`
article.id as id,
article.title as title,
article.content as content,
user.id as userId,
user.nickname as nickname,
user.username as usernmae,
user.avator as avator,
attachment.id as attachmentId,
attachment.originName as fileName,
attachment.size as fileSize,
attachment.filePath as filePath
`)
.getRawMany();
}
}
leftJoinAndMap怎么写?
上面我们用leftJoinAndSelect
左连接了Artcle和Attachment两张表,并查询了满足条件的记录,返回了指定的字段。 那用leftJoinAndMap
怎么实现呢?leftJoinAndMap
更适合复杂的映射,通常用于将结果映射到实体的某个属性。
typescript
import { Injectable } from "@nestjs/common";
import { InjectRepository } from "@nestjs/typeorm";
import { Article } from "../../entities/article.entity";
import { Attachment } from "../../entities/attachment.entity";
import { Repository } from "typeorm";
import { User } from "../../entities/user.entity";
@Injectable()
export class UserService {
constructor(@InjectRepository(User) private readonly userRepository: Repository<User>){}
// 三张表关联查询
getAttachment(): Promise<any> {
return this.userRepository.createQueryBuilder('user')
.leftJoinAndMapOne('user.article', Article, 'article', 'user.id = article.user_id')
.leftJoinAndMapOne('user.attachment', Attachment, 'attachment', 'user.id = attachment.user_id')
.select([
'user.id as userId',
'user.nickname as nickname',
'user.username as username',
'user.avator as avator',
'article.id as id',
'article.title as title',
'article.content as content',
'attachment.id as attachmentId',
'attachment.originName as fileName',
'attachment.size as fileSize',
'attachment.filePath as filePath'
])
.getMany();
}
}
测试返回的数据如下
json
[
{
"id": "0fcb8310-9c4a-11ea-9427-017d0539b705",
"title": "fe'f",
"content": "<p>微任务</p>",
"userId": "16ffe4f0-98d0-11ea-adcb-cd4aa44d4464",
"nickname": "李云龙",
"usernmae": "wanghailong",
"avator": "http://192.168.1.101:8765/avator/f360e610-9d80-11ea-9008-019523360f5b.jpg",
"attachmentId": "03eba231-9bed-11ea-8495-bd633b2536d8",
"fileName": "附件四 健康承诺书.jpg",
"fileSize": 139981,
"filePath": "E:\Practices\workspace-koa2\whl-blog\admin\attachment\article\03eba230-9bed-11ea-8495-bd633b2536d8.jpg"
},
...
]
leftJoinAndSelect和leftJoinAndMap的区别?
在TypeORM中,leftJoinAndSelect
和 leftJoinAndMap
是两种不同的查询构建器方法,它们用于构建JOIN查询,但它们的作用稍有不同。
leftJoinAndSelect
: 这个方法用于执行一个左外连接(LEFT JOIN)并立即选择连接的表中的列。所选择的列将直接包含在返回的实体对象中。
示例:
typescript
userRepository.createQueryBuilder("user")
.leftJoinAndSelect("user.posts", "post")
.getMany();
在这个例子中,你将获得一个包含用户和他们的帖子的用户实体数组。
leftJoinAndMap
: 这个方法也用于执行一个左外连接,但它允许你自定义返回结果的结构。你可以将连接的表映射到实体的一个特定属性中,而不是直接选择列。
它提供了更复杂的结果映射能力,并且允许你对返回的实体的形状进行更细粒度的控制。
示例(映射到一个新属性):
typescript
userRepository.createQueryBuilder("user")
.leftJoinAndMapOne("user.postDetails", "user.posts", "post")
.getMany();
在这个例子中,每个用户将拥有一个名为 postDetails
的属性,它包含所有与用户相关联的帖子的信息。
总结:
leftJoinAndSelect
是更简单、更直接的方式,用来将JOIN查询的结果作为实体的一部分返回。leftJoinAndMap
提供了更大的灵活性和控制,允许你将结果映射到实体的自定义属性中。
这意味着,如果你只需要返回包含所有列的标准实体,leftJoinAndSelect
是一个很好的选择。但如果你需要更复杂或者定制化的结果结构,那么你应该使用 leftJoinAndMap
。
到这里文章就结束了,简单介绍了通过Typeorm
在实际业务场景中接触最多的链表查询,希望对你有帮助。
如果喜欢我的文章或者想上岸大厂,可以关注公众号「量子前端」,将不定期关注推送前端好文、分享就业资料秘籍,也希望有机会一对一帮助你实现梦想。