Messenger
支持双向通信。要实现双向通信,服务端和客户端都需要各自拥有一个Messenger
实例(即一个Handler
的封装),并通过Message
对象交换彼此的Messenger
引用。
服务端向客户端发送消息
- 客户端在发送消息给服务时,可以在
Message
对象中包含一个指向客户端Messenger
的引用(通过Message.replyTo
字段)。 - 服务接收到消息后,可以使用这个引用回复消息给客户端。
服务端(Service)
首先,更新服务端代码以允许服务接收客户端的Messenger
并通过它发送消息回客户端。
java
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import android.app.Service;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.Handler;
import android.os.IBinder;
import android.os.Message;
import android.os.Messenger;
import android.os.RemoteException;
public class ExampleService extends Service {
static final int MSG_SAY_HELLO = 1;
static final int MSG_REGISTER_CLIENT = 2;
static final int MSG_UNREGISTER_CLIENT = 3;
static final int MSG_REPLY_TO_CLIENT = 4;
Messenger mClient = null; // 用于保存客户端的Messenger,客户端注册完成后,可在服务端Handler回调中通过msg.replyTo获取对象
//服务接收到消息后,可以使用这个引用回复消息给客户端。
class IncomingHandler extends Handler {
@Override
public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
switch (msg.what) {
case MSG_SAY_HELLO:
// 当服务收到来自客户端的问候时
sendMessageToClient(MSG_REPLY_TO_CLIENT, "Hello from Service!");
break;
case MSG_REGISTER_CLIENT:
// 客户端注册自己的Messenger
mClient = msg.replyTo;
break;
case MSG_UNREGISTER_CLIENT:
// 客户端取消注册其Messenger
mClient = null;
break;
default:
super.handleMessage(msg);
}
}
}
final Messenger mMessenger = new Messenger(new IncomingHandler());
@Override
public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
return mMessenger.getBinder();
}
private void sendMessageToClient(int what, String text) {
if (mClient != null) {
try {
Bundle bundle = new Bundle();
bundle.putString("reply", text);
Message msg = Message.obtain(null, what);
msg.setData(bundle);
mClient.send(msg);
} catch (RemoteException e) {
mClient = null; // 客户端已断开连接
}
}
}
}
客户端(Activity)
接下来,更新客户端代码以注册其Messenger
至服务,并处理服务的回复消息。
java
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import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.ComponentName;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.ServiceConnection;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.Handler;
import android.os.IBinder;
import android.os.Message;
import android.os.Messenger;
import android.os.RemoteException;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.Toast;
public class MainActivity extends Activity {
Messenger mService = null;
boolean mBound = false;
class IncomingHandler extends Handler {
@Override
public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
switch (msg.what) {
case ExampleService.MSG_REPLY_TO_CLIENT:
String reply = msg.getData().getString("reply");
Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, reply, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
break;
default:
super.handleMessage(msg);
}
}
}
final Messenger mMessenger = new Messenger(new IncomingHandler());
/**
客户端在发送消息给服务时,可以在`Message`对象中包含一个指向客户端`Messenger`的引用(通过 `Message.replyTo`字段)
*/
private ServiceConnection mConnection = new ServiceConnection() {
public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName className, IBinder service) {
mService = new Messenger(service);
mBound = true;
try {
// 注册客户端的Messenger
Message msg = Message.obtain(null, ExampleService.MSG_REGISTER_CLIENT);
msg.replyTo = mMessenger;
mService.send(msg);
} catch (RemoteException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName className) {
mService = null;
mBound = false;
}
};
public void sayHello(View v) {
if (!mBound) return;
try {
Message msg = Message.obtain(null, ExampleService.MSG_SAY_HELLO, 0, 0);
mService.send(msg);
} catch (RemoteException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
Button button = findViewById(R.id.say_hello_button);
button.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
sayHello(v);
}
});
}
@Override
protected void onStart() {
super.onStart();
bindService(new Intent(this, ExampleService.class), mConnection, Context.BIND_AUTO_CREATE);
}
@Override
protected void onStop() {
super.onStop();
if (mBound) {
// 取消注册客户端的Messenger
try {
Message msg = Message.obtain(null, ExampleService.MSG_UNREGISTER_CLIENT);
mService.send(msg);
} catch (RemoteException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
unbindService(mConnection);
mBound = false;
}
}
}
在这个示例中,客户端通过点击按钮向服务发送一个"Say Hello"消息。服务接收到消息后,通过客户端注册的Messenger
回复一条消息。客户端接收到服务的回复后,显示一个Toast。
这个完整的例子展示了如何使用Messenger
实现Android服务与客户端之间的双向通信。