构建一个React Native身份证扫描应用

许多国家都采用身份证来证明一个人的身份。它们通常采用 8.6 厘米 x 5.4 厘米大小的卡片设计,许多还带有三行MRZ机读文本,比如德国和荷兰的身份证。

荷兰身份证样本:

在本文中,我们将讨论如何使用React Native编写一个身份证扫描应用。它可以捕获身份证的正面和背面,并通过使用OCR识别MRZ来提取持卡人的信息。本文使用Dynamsoft Label Recognizer提供OCR功能。

演示视频

新建项目

创建一个新的React Native项目:

bash 复制代码
npx react-native@latest init IDCardScanner

添加依赖项

  1. 安装react-native-vision-camera用于访问摄像头。

    bash 复制代码
    npm install react-native-vision-camera
  2. 安装vision-camera-dynamsoft-label-recognizer以识别MRZ。

    bash 复制代码
    npm install vision-camera-dynamsoft-label-recognizer
  3. 安装vision-camera-cropper以裁剪摄像头画面。

    bash 复制代码
    npm install vision-camera-cropper react-native-worklets-core
  4. 安装react-native-svg用于绘制表示裁剪区域的矩形框。

    bash 复制代码
    npm install react-native-svg
  5. 安装react-navigation用于导航和路由。

    bash 复制代码
    npm install @react-navigation/native @react-navigation/native-stack react-native-safe-area-context react-native-screens
  6. 安装@react-native-async-storage/async-storage以存储扫描的身份证。

    bash 复制代码
    npm install @react-native-async-storage/async-storage
  7. 安装mrz以解析MRZ。

    bash 复制代码
    npm install mrz

添加相机权限

对于iOS,将以下内容添加到Info.plist

xml 复制代码
<key>NSCameraUsageDescription</key>
<string>For document scanning</string>

对于 Android,在AndroidManifest.xml中添加以下内容。

xml 复制代码
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.CAMERA" />

导航

该应用程序有三屏。

  1. 主屏幕页面。我们可以在此页面上管理扫描的身份证件。

  2. 身份证屏幕页面。我们可以扫描新的身份证件,也可以在此页面上查看和修改已有身份证件。

  3. 相机屏幕页面。我们可以在此页面打开摄像头,裁剪身份证件图片。

使用React Navigation来管理屏幕和导航。

  1. src/screens下创建屏幕页面文件:HomeScreen.tsxCardScreen.tsxCameraScreen.tsx

  2. 更新App.tsx以使用React Navigation。

    tsx 复制代码
    import React from 'react';
    import { NavigationContainer } from '@react-navigation/native';
    import { createNativeStackNavigator } from '@react-navigation/native-stack';
    import HomeScreen from './screens/HomeScreen';
    import CameraScreen from './screens/CameraScreen';
    import CardScreen from './screens/CardScreen';
    import { TextButton } from './components/TextButton';
    
    const Stack = createNativeStackNavigator();
    
    function App(): React.JSX.Element {
      return (
        <NavigationContainer>
          <Stack.Navigator>
            <Stack.Screen name="Home" component={HomeScreen} />
            <Stack.Screen name="Camera" component={CameraScreen} />
            <Stack.Screen name="Card" component={CardScreen} />
          </Stack.Navigator>
        </NavigationContainer>
      );
    }
    
    export default App;

数据存储方式

定义了一个ScannedCard接口来表示身份证。它包含其背面和正面图像的base64以及提取的信息。

ts 复制代码
export interface ParsedResult {
  Surname:string,
  GivenName:string,
  IDNumber:string,
  DateOfBirth:string,
  DateOfExpiry:string
}

export interface ScannedIDCard {
  backImage:string,
  frontImage:string,
  info:ParsedResult,
  timestamp:number
}

编写了一个IDCardManager用于使用async-storage存储身份证。使用时间戳作键值。

ts 复制代码
import AsyncStorage from '@react-native-async-storage/async-storage';
export class IDCardManager {

  static async saveIDCard(card:ScannedIDCard) {
    await AsyncStorage.setItem(card.timestamp.toString(),JSON.stringify(card));
  }

  static async deleteIDCard(key:string) {
    await AsyncStorage.removeItem(key);
  }

  static async getKeys(){
    return await AsyncStorage.getAllKeys();
  }

  static async getIDCard(key:string){
    let jsonStr:string|null = await AsyncStorage.getItem(key);
    if (jsonStr) {
      let card:ScannedIDCard = JSON.parse(jsonStr);
      return card;
    }else{
      return null;
    }
  }

  static async listIDCards(){
    let cards:ScannedIDCard[] = [];
    let keys = await this.getKeys();
    for (let index = 0; index < keys.length; index++) {
      const key = keys[index];
      let card = await this.getIDCard(key);
      if (card) {
        cards.push(card);
      }
    }
    return cards;
  }
}

主屏幕页面

  1. src/components/Card.tsx里定义一个Card组件。我们会在主屏幕用它列出扫描的身份证。

    tsx 复制代码
    {% raw %}export interface CardProps{
      cardKey:string;
      onPress?:()=>void;
    }
    export function Card(props:CardProps){
      const [card,setCard] = useState<ScannedIDCard|null>();
      const [pressed,setPressed] = useState(false);
      useEffect(() => {
        (async () => {
          console.log("mounted")
          const result = await IDCardManager.getIDCard(props.cardKey);
          setCard(result);
        })();
      }, []);
    
      const getDate = () => {
        if (card) {
          let timestamp = card.timestamp;
          let date = new Date(timestamp);
          return date.toUTCString();
        }
        return "";
      }
    
      const getCardDetailsText = () => {
        let text = "Name: "+card?.info.GivenName+" "+card?.info.Surname + "\n";
        text = text + "Scanned Date: " + getDate();
        return text;
      }
    
      return (
        <Pressable
          onPress={props.onPress}
          onPressIn={()=>setPressed(true)}
          onPressOut={()=>setPressed(false)}
        >
          <View style={[styles.card,pressed?styles.pressed:null]}>
            <Image
              style={styles.cardImage}
              source={{
                uri: 'data:image/jpeg;base64,'+card?.frontImage,
              }}
            />
            <View style={styles.cardDetails}>
              <Text>{getCardDetailsText()}</Text>
            </View>
          </View>
        </Pressable>
      )
    }
    
    const styles = StyleSheet.create({
      card:{
        flex:1,
        display:"flex",
        flexDirection:"row",
        margin: 10,
        padding:10,
        borderColor:"gray",
        borderWidth:0.2,
        borderRadius:3
      },
      pressed:{
        backgroundColor:"lightgray",
      },
      cardImage:{
        width: 100,
        height: 70,
        resizeMode:"cover"
      },
      cardDetails:{
        flex:1,
        padding:10,
        justifyContent:"center",
        flexDirection:"row"
      },
    });{% endraw %}
  2. 在主屏幕上列出现有的身份证。

    tsx 复制代码
    interface HomeScreenProps {
      route:any;
      navigation:any;
    }
    
    export default function HomeScreen(props:HomeScreenProps){
      const selectedCardKey = useRef("");
      const [cardKeys,setCardKeys] = useState<readonly string[]>([]);
      useEffect(() => {
        const unsubscribe = props.navigation.addListener('focus', async () => {
          console.log("screen focused");
          setCardKeys([]);//force rendering
          setCardKeys(await IDCardManager.getKeys());
        });
        return unsubscribe;
      }, [props.navigation]);
    
      const cardPressed = (key:string) => {
        selectedCardKey.current = key;
      }
    
      const renderCards = () => {
        let cards:React.ReactElement[] = [];
        if (cardKeys.length == 0) {
          return;
        }
        cardKeys.forEach(async cardKey =>  {
          let card = <Card key={cardKey} cardKey={cardKey} onPress={()=>cardPressed(cardKey)}></Card>;
          cards.push(card);
        });
        if (cards.length>0) {
          return cards;
        }
      }
    
      return (
        <View style={StyleSheet.absoluteFill}>
          <ScrollView style={styles.cardList}>
            {renderCards()}
          </ScrollView>
        </View>
      )
    }
  3. 身份证组件被点击时,显示一个模态框供用户选择打开或删除该身份证。

    JSX:

    tsx 复制代码
    {% raw %}<Modal
      animationType="slide"
      transparent={true}
      visible={modalVisible}
      onRequestClose={() => {
        setModalVisible(!modalVisible);
      }}>
      <View style={styles.centeredView}>
        <View style={styles.modalView}>
          <Text style={styles.modalText}>Please select an action:</Text>
          <View style={{flexDirection:"row"}}>
            <Pressable
              style={styles.button}
              onPress={() => performAction("open")}>
              <Text style={styles.textStyle}>Open</Text>
            </Pressable>
            <Pressable
              style={styles.button}
              onPress={() => performAction("delete")}>
              <Text style={styles.textStyle}>Delete</Text>
            </Pressable>
          </View>
        </View>
      </View>
    </Modal>{% endraw %}

    函数:

    tsx 复制代码
    const [modalVisible,setModalVisible] = useState(false);
    const goToCardScreen = () => {
      console.log("goToCardScreen");
      props.navigation.navigate('Card',{
        cardKey: selectedCardKey.current,
      });
    }
    
    const cardPressed = (key:string) => {
      selectedCardKey.current = key;
      setModalVisible(true);
    }
    
    const performAction = async (mode:"delete"|"open") => {
      if (mode === "delete") {
        await IDCardManager.deleteIDCard(selectedCardKey.current);
        setCardKeys(await IDCardManager.getKeys());
      }else{
        goToCardScreen();
      }
      setModalVisible(!modalVisible);
    }
  4. 添加一个底部的工具栏,在上面添加一个"Scan"按钮,用于导航到身份证屏幕。

    JSX:

    tsx 复制代码
    <View style={[styles.bottomBar, styles.elevation,styles.shadowProp]}>
      <Pressable onPress={()=>{selectedCardKey.current ="";goToCardScreen()}}>
        <View style={styles.circle}>
          <Text style={styles.buttonText}>SCAN</Text>
        </View>
      </Pressable>
    </View>

    样式:

    tsx 复制代码
    const styles = StyleSheet.create({
      bottomBar:{
        width: "100%",
        height: 45,
        marginTop: 5,
        flexDirection:"row",
        justifyContent:"center",
        backgroundColor:"white",
      },
      shadowProp: {
        shadowColor: '#171717',
        shadowOffset: {width: 2, height: 4},
        shadowOpacity: 0.2,
        shadowRadius: 3,
      },
      elevation: {
        elevation: 20,
        shadowColor: '#52006A',
      },
      circle: {
        width: 60,
        height: 60,
        borderRadius: 60 / 2,
        backgroundColor: "rgb(120,190,250)",
        top:-25,
        justifyContent:"center",
      },
      buttonText:{
        alignSelf:"center",
        color:"white",
      },
    });

相机屏幕页面

  1. 在相机屏幕上,使用Vision Camera打开相机,添加捕获按钮和一个标明裁剪的区域矩形。

    tsx 复制代码
    const [hasPermission, setHasPermission] = useState(false);
    const [isActive,setIsActive] = useState(true);
    const device = useCameraDevice("back");
    const format = useCameraFormat(device, [
      { videoResolution: { width: 1920, height: 1080 } },
      { fps: 30 }
    ])
    useEffect(() => {
      (async () => {
        const status = await Camera.requestCameraPermission();
        setHasPermission(status === 'granted');
        setIsActive(true);
      })();
    }, []);
    
    return (
      <View style={StyleSheet.absoluteFill}>
        {device != null &&
        hasPermission && (
        <>
          <Camera
            style={StyleSheet.absoluteFill}
            isActive={isActive}
            device={device}
            format={format}
            frameProcessor={frameProcessor}
            pixelFormat='yuv'
          />
           <Svg preserveAspectRatio={(Platform.OS == 'ios') ? '':'xMidYMid slice'} style={StyleSheet.absoluteFill} viewBox={getViewBox()}>
            <Rect
              x={cropRegion.left/100*getFrameSize().width}
              y={cropRegion.top/100*getFrameSize().height}
              width={cropRegion.width/100*getFrameSize().width}
              height={cropRegion.height/100*getFrameSize().height}
              strokeWidth="2"
              stroke="red"
              fillOpacity={0.0}
            />
          </Svg>
        </>
        )}
        <View style={[styles.bottomBar]}>
          <Pressable
            onPressIn={()=>{setPressed(true)}}
            onPressOut={()=>{setPressed(false)}}
            onPress={()=>{capture()}}>
            <View style={styles.outerCircle}>
            <View style={[styles.innerCircle, pressed ? styles.circlePressed:null]}></View>
            </View>
          </Pressable>
        </View>
      </View>
    )
  2. 根据身份证的比例设置裁剪区域。

    tsx 复制代码
    const [cropRegion,setCropRegion] = useState({
      left: 10,
      top: 20,
      width: 80,
      height: 30
    });
    const cropRegionShared = useSharedValue<undefined|CropRegion>(undefined);
    
    const adaptCropRegionForIDCard = () => {
      let size = getFrameSize();
      let regionWidth = 0.8*size.width;
      let desiredRegionHeight = regionWidth/(85.6/54);
      let height = Math.ceil(desiredRegionHeight/size.height*100);
      let region = {
        left:10,
        width:80,
        top:20,
        height:height
      };
      setCropRegion(region);
      cropRegionShared.value = region;
    }
    
    const getFrameSize = ():{width:number,height:number} => {
      let size = {width:1080,height:1920};
      return size;
    }
    
    useEffect(() => {
      (async () => {
        adaptCropRegionForIDCard();
      })();
    }, []);
  3. 定义帧处理器,以便在按下捕捉按钮时捕捉帧。捕获后将返回到上一个屏幕,并返回裁剪后的帧的base64。

    tsx 复制代码
    const shouldTake = useSharedValue(false);
    const [pressed,setPressed] = useState(false);
    const capture = () => {
      shouldTake.value=true;
    }
    
    const onCaptured = (base64:string) => {
      setIsActive(false);
      if (props) {
        if (props.navigation) {
          props.navigation.navigate({
            name: 'Card',
            params: { base64: base64 },
            merge: true,
          });
        }
      }
    }
    
    const onCapturedJS = Worklets.createRunInJsFn(onCaptured);
    const frameProcessor = useFrameProcessor((frame) => {
      'worklet';
      if (shouldTake.value == true && cropRegionShared.value != undefined) {
        shouldTake.value = false;
        const result = crop(frame,{cropRegion:cropRegion,includeImageBase64:true,saveAsFile:false});
        if (result.base64) {
          onCapturedJS(result.base64);
        }
      }
    }, []);

身份证屏幕页面

在身份证屏幕上,显示身份证的图像和信息,并允许编辑。

  1. 定义JSX:

    tsx 复制代码
    {% raw %}const isFrontRef = useRef(false);
    const goToCameraScreen = (isFront:boolean) => {
      isFrontRef.current = isFront;
      props.navigation.navigate('Camera');
    }
    const Card = (props:{isFront:boolean}) => {
      let base64;
      if (props.isFront) {
        base64 = frontImageBase64;
      }else{
        base64 = backImageBase64;
      }
      let innerControl;
      if (!base64) {
        innerControl =
          <View style={styles.buttonContainer}>
            <Button title="Add Image"
              onPress={()=>{goToCameraScreen(props.isFront)}}
            ></Button>
          </View>
      }else{
        innerControl =
          <View style={styles.imageContainer}>
            <Pressable
              onPress={()=>{goToCameraScreen(props.isFront)}}
            >
              <Image
                style={styles.cardImage}
                source={{
                uri: 'data:image/jpeg;base64,'+base64,
              }}></Image>
            </Pressable>
          </View>
      }
      return (
        <>
          <Text style={styles.header}>
            {props.isFront?"Front":"Back"} Image:
          </Text>
          {innerControl}
        </>
      )
    }
    
    const Fields = () => {
      const onChangeText = (key:string,text:string) => {
        console.log("onChangeText");
        let result:any = JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(parsedResult));
        result[key] = text;
        setParsedResult(result);
      }
      let fieldArray = [];
      let keys = Object.keys(parsedResult);
      for (let index = 0; index < keys.length; index++) {
        let key = keys[index];
        const value = (parsedResult as any)[key];
        let view =
        <View style={styles.infoField} key={"field-"+key}>
          <Text style={styles.fieldLabel}>{key+":"}</Text>
          <TextInput
            style={styles.fieldInput}
            onChangeText={(text)=>{onChangeText(key,text)}}
            value={value}/>
        </View>
        fieldArray.push(view);
      }
      return (
        fieldArray
      )
    }
    
    return (
      <View style={StyleSheet.absoluteFill}>
        <ScrollView>
          {Card({isFront:true})}
          {Card({isFront:false})}
          <Text style={styles.header}>
            Info
          </Text>
          {Fields()}
        </ScrollView>
      </View>
    ){% endraw %}
  2. 组件挂载后,如果指定了存储的键值,则加载该身份证信息。

    tsx 复制代码
    const cardKey = useRef("");
    const [frontImageBase64,setFrontImageBase64] = useState("");
    const [backImageBase64,setBackImageBase64] = useState("");
    const [parsedResult,setParsedResult] = useState<ParsedResult>(
      {
        Surname:"",
        GivenName:"",
        IDNumber:"",
        DateOfBirth:"",
        DateOfExpiry:""
      }
    );
    useEffect(() => {
      const init = async () => {
        console.log(props);
        let key = props.route.params.cardKey;
        if (key) {
          cardKey.current = key;
          let IDCard = await IDCardManager.getIDCard(key);
          if (IDCard) {
            setFrontImageBase64(IDCard.frontImage);
            setBackImageBase64(IDCard.backImage);
            setParsedResult(IDCard.info);
          }
        }
      }
      init()
    }, []);
  3. 拍摄背面图像后,尝试识别身份证的MRZ行并提取信息。

    tsx 复制代码
    useEffect(() => {
      if (props.route.params?.base64) {
        let base64 = props.route.params?.base64;
        if (isFrontRef.current === true) {
          setFrontImageBase64(base64);
        }else{
          setBackImageBase64(base64);
          recognizeIDCard(base64);
        }
      }
    }, [props.route.params?.base64]);
    
    const recognizeIDCard = async (base64:string) => {
      const result = await decodeBase64(base64)
      if (result.results.length>0) {
        let lineResults = result.results[0].lineResults;
        if (lineResults.length >= 3) {
          let MRZLines = [];
          MRZLines.push(lineResults[lineResults.length - 3].text);
          MRZLines.push(lineResults[lineResults.length - 2].text);
          MRZLines.push(lineResults[lineResults.length - 1].text);
          console.log(MRZLines);
          let parsed = parse(MRZLines);
          let result = {
            Surname:parsed.fields.lastName ?? "",
            GivenName:parsed.fields.firstName ?? "",
            IDNumber:parsed.fields.documentNumber ?? "",
            DateOfBirth:parsed.fields.birthDate ?? "",
            DateOfExpiry:parsed.fields.expirationDate ?? ""
          }
          setParsedResult(result);
          return;
        }
      }
      Alert.alert("","Failed to recognize the card.");
    }
  4. 按下标题栏上的"Save"按钮时,保存扫描的身份证。

    tsx 复制代码
    useEffect(() => {
      // Use `setOptions` to update the button that we previously specified
      // Now the button includes an `onPress` handler to update the count
      props.navigation.setOptions({
        headerRight: () => (
          <TextButton title="Save" onPress={()=>saveCard()}></TextButton>
        ),
      });
    }, [props.navigation,parsedResult,frontImageBase64,backImageBase64]);
    
    const saveCard = async () => {
      let complete = isInfoComplete();
      if (complete) {
        let key;
        if (cardKey.current) {
          key = parseInt(cardKey.current);
        }else{
          key = new Date().getTime();
          cardKey.current = key.toString();
        }
        let card:ScannedIDCard = {
          frontImage:frontImageBase64,
          backImage:backImageBase64,
          info:parsedResult,
          timestamp:key
        }
        await IDCardManager.saveIDCard(card);
        Alert.alert("","Saved");
      }else{
        Alert.alert("","Card info not complete");
      }
    }

以下是配置Dynamsoft Label Recognize以识别MRZ的步骤。

  1. 将MRZ模型文件放入项目中。可以在此处找到文件。

    对于Android,需要将MRZ模型文件放在assets下。

    对于iOS,将MRZ模型文件夹以reference的形式添加。

  2. 使用许可证初始化Dynamsoft Label Recognizer并更新其模板。可以在这里申请许可证。

    tsx 复制代码
    useEffect(() => {
      (async () => {
        let success = await initLicense("DLS2eyJoYW5kc2hha2VDb2RlIjoiMjAwMDAxLTE2NDk4Mjk3OTI2MzUiLCJvcmdhbml6YXRpb25JRCI6IjIwMDAwMSIsInNlc3Npb25QYXNzd29yZCI6IndTcGR6Vm05WDJrcEQ5YUoifQ==");
        if (!success) {
          Alert.alert("","License for the MRZ Reader is invalid.");
        }
        try {
          await useCustomModel({customModelFolder:"MRZ",customModelFileNames:["MRZ"]});
          await updateTemplate("{\"CharacterModelArray\":[{\"DirectoryPath\":\"\",\"Name\":\"MRZ\"}],\"LabelRecognizerParameterArray\":[{\"Name\":\"default\",\"ReferenceRegionNameArray\":[\"defaultReferenceRegion\"],\"CharacterModelName\":\"MRZ\",\"LetterHeightRange\":[5,1000,1],\"LineStringLengthRange\":[30,44],\"LineStringRegExPattern\":\"([ACI][A-Z<][A-Z<]{3}[A-Z0-9<]{9}[0-9][A-Z0-9<]{15}){(30)}|([0-9]{2}[(01-12)][(01-31)][0-9][MF<][0-9]{2}[(01-12)][(01-31)][0-9][A-Z<]{3}[A-Z0-9<]{11}[0-9]){(30)}|([A-Z<]{0,26}[A-Z]{1,3}[(<<)][A-Z]{1,3}[A-Z<]{0,26}<{0,26}){(30)}|([ACIV][A-Z<][A-Z<]{3}([A-Z<]{0,27}[A-Z]{1,3}[(<<)][A-Z]{1,3}[A-Z<]{0,27}){(31)}){(36)}|([A-Z0-9<]{9}[0-9][A-Z<]{3}[0-9]{2}[(01-12)][(01-31)][0-9][MF<][0-9]{2}[(01-12)][(01-31)][0-9][A-Z0-9<]{8}){(36)}|([PV][A-Z<][A-Z<]{3}([A-Z<]{0,35}[A-Z]{1,3}[(<<)][A-Z]{1,3}[A-Z<]{0,35}<{0,35}){(39)}){(44)}|([A-Z0-9<]{9}[0-9][A-Z<]{3}[0-9]{2}[(01-12)][(01-31)][0-9][MF<][0-9]{2}[(01-12)][(01-31)][0-9][A-Z0-9<]{14}[A-Z0-9<]{2}){(44)}\",\"MaxLineCharacterSpacing\":130,\"TextureDetectionModes\":[{\"Mode\":\"TDM_GENERAL_WIDTH_CONCENTRATION\",\"Sensitivity\":8}],\"Timeout\":9999}],\"LineSpecificationArray\":[{\"BinarizationModes\":[{\"BlockSizeX\":30,\"BlockSizeY\":30,\"Mode\":\"BM_LOCAL_BLOCK\",\"MorphOperation\":\"Close\"}],\"LineNumber\":\"\",\"Name\":\"defaultTextArea->L0\"}],\"ReferenceRegionArray\":[{\"Localization\":{\"FirstPoint\":[0,0],\"SecondPoint\":[100,0],\"ThirdPoint\":[100,100],\"FourthPoint\":[0,100],\"MeasuredByPercentage\":1,\"SourceType\":\"LST_MANUAL_SPECIFICATION\"},\"Name\":\"defaultReferenceRegion\",\"TextAreaNameArray\":[\"defaultTextArea\"]}],\"TextAreaArray\":[{\"Name\":\"defaultTextArea\",\"LineSpecificationNameArray\":[\"defaultTextArea->L0\"]}]}");
        } catch (error:any) {
          console.log(error);
          Alert.alert("Error","Failed to load model.");
        }
      })();
    }, []);

源代码

好了,我们已经介绍了React Native身份证扫描应用的关键部分。获取源代码来自己试用一下吧:

github.com/tony-xlh/re...

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