【java】java环境变量分类

测试代码：

public class TestSys {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        /**
         * 获取所有的系统环境变量
         */
        Map<String, String> map = System.getenv();

        map.forEach((key, value) -> System.out.printf("env：key:%s->value:%s%n",key ,value));
        /**
         * 获取所有jvm环境变量
         */
        Properties props = System.getProperties();
        props.forEach((key,value)->System.out.printf("prop：key:%s->value:%s%n",key ,value));
    }
}

win环境

结果：

env：key:HADOOP_CONF_DIR->value:D:\env\components\hadoop\etc\hadoop
env：key:PROCESSOR_LEVEL->value:15
env：key:gt_installation_dir->value:C:\Program Files (x86)\TelnetServer
env：key:SESSIONNAME->value:Console
env：key:ALLUSERSPROFILE->value:C:\ProgramData
env：key:PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE->value:AMD64
env：key:HBASE_CONF_DIR->value:D:\env\components\hbase\conf
env：key:GATEWAY_VM_OPTIONS->value:D:\env\jetbra\vmoptions\gateway.vmoptions
env：key:PSModulePath->value:C:\Program Files\WindowsPowerShell\Modules;C:\Windows\system32\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\Modules;D:\env\visual-svn\PowerShellModules
env：key:SystemDrive->value:C:
env：key:MAVEN_HOME->value:D:\env\apache-maven-3.8.6
env：key:MOZ_PLUGIN_PATH->value:D:\programs\foxit_pdf\Foxit PDF Reader\plugins\
env：key:ENV_SVC_FLAG->value:0
env：key:RIDER_VM_OPTIONS->value:D:\env\jetbra\vmoptions\rider.vmoptions
env：key:FLINK_CONF_DIR->value:D:\env\components\flink\conf
env：key:DEVECOSTUDIO_VM_OPTIONS->value:D:\env\jetbra\vmoptions\devecostudio.vmoptions
env：key:STUDIO_VM_OPTIONS->value:D:\env\jetbra\vmoptions\studio.vmoptions
env：key:ProgramFiles(x86)->value:C:\Program Files (x86)
env：key:VISUALSVN_SERVER->value:D:\env\visual-svn\
env：key:PATHEXT->value:.COM;.EXE;.BAT;.CMD;.VBS;.VBE;.JS;.JSE;.WSF;.WSH;.MSC;.PY;.PYW
env：key:APPCODE_VM_OPTIONS->value:D:\env\jetbra\vmoptions\appcode.vmoptions
env：key:DriverData->value:C:\Windows\System32\Drivers\DriverData
env：key:SPARK_CONF_DIR->value:D:\env\components\spark\conf
env：key:DATASPELL_VM_OPTIONS->value:D:\env\jetbra\vmoptions\dataspell.vmoptions
env：key:ProgramData->value:C:\ProgramData
env：key:KERBEROS_CONFIG_HOME->value:D:\env\Kerberos
env：key:ProgramW6432->value:C:\Program Files
env：key:MYSQL_HOME->value:D:\env\mysql-5.7.32-winx64
env：key:PROCESSOR_IDENTIFIER->value:Intel64 Family 15 Model 6 Stepping 3, GenuineIntel
env：key:HADOOP_HOME->value:D:\env\components\hadoop
env：key:ProgramFiles->value:C:\Program Files
env：key:PUBLIC->value:C:\Users\Public
env：key:windir->value:C:\Windows
env：key:=::->value:::\
env：key:DATAGRIP_VM_OPTIONS->value:D:\env\jetbra\vmoptions\datagrip.vmoptions
env：key:ChocolateyLastPathUpdate->value:133202366705513289
env：key:LOGONSERVER->value:\\UNIS-DC01-AD
env：key:PYCHARM_VM_OPTIONS->value:D:\env\jetbra\vmoptions\pycharm.vmoptions
env：key:WEBSTORM_VM_OPTIONS->value:D:\env\jetbra\vmoptions\webstorm.vmoptions
env：key:JAVA_HOME->value:D:\env\jdk1.8.0_261
env：key:CLION_VM_OPTIONS->value:D:\env\jetbra\vmoptions\clion.vmoptions
env：key:JETBRAINSCLIENT_VM_OPTIONS->value:D:\env\jetbra\vmoptions\jetbrainsclient.vmoptions
env：key:WebStorm->value:D:\env\webstorm\WebStorm2020.1\bin;
env：key:KRB5_CONFIG->value:C:\ProgramData\MIT\Kerberos5\krb5.ini
env：key:GRADLE_HOME->value:D:\env\gradle-8.5
env：key:GOLAND_VM_OPTIONS->value:D:\env\jetbra\vmoptions\goland.vmoptions
env：key:GRADLE_USER_HOME->value:D:\env\Maven_Repository
env：key:IDEA_VM_OPTIONS->value:D:\env\jetbra\vmoptions\idea.vmoptions
env：key:HBASE_CLIENT_HOME->value:D:\env\components\hbase\lib
env：key:RUBYMINE_VM_OPTIONS->value:D:\env\jetbra\vmoptions\rubymine.vmoptions
env：key:ChocolateyInstall->value:C:\ProgramData\chocolatey
env：key:JETBRAINS_CLIENT_VM_OPTIONS->value:D:\env\jetbra\vmoptions\jetbrains_client.vmoptions
env：key:NODE_PATH->value:D:\env\nodejs\node_global\node_modules
env：key:SCALA_HOME->value:D:\env\scala\scala-2.11
env：key:CommonProgramFiles->value:C:\Program Files\Common Files
env：key:ROCKSDB_SHAREDLIB_DIR->value:D:\env\rocksdb-shared-lib
env：key:HIVE_CONF_DIR->value:D:\env\components\hive\conf
env：key:PyCharm->value:d:\programs\PyCharm_2020.1\bin;
env：key:OS->value:Windows_NT
env：key:SBT_HOME->value:D:\env\scala-sbt
env：key:PROCESSOR_REVISION->value:0603
env：key:CommonProgramW6432->value:C:\Program Files\Common Files
env：key:ComSpec->value:C:\Windows\system32\cmd.exe
env：key:UATDATA->value:C:\Windows\CCM\UATData\D9F8C395-CAB8-491d-B8AC-179A1FE1BE77
env：key:SystemRoot->value:C:\Windows
env：key:WEBIDE_VM_OPTIONS->value:D:\env\jetbra\vmoptions\webide.vmoptions
env：key:HOMEDRIVE->value:C:
env：key:CommonProgramFiles(x86)->value:C:\Program Files (x86)\Common Files
env：key:NUMBER_OF_PROCESSORS->value:8
env：key:PHPSTORM_VM_OPTIONS->value:D:\env\jetbra\vmoptions\phpstorm.vmoptions
env：key:HBASE_HOME->value:D:\env\components\hbase
prop：key:sun.cpu.isalist->value:amd64
prop：key:sun.desktop->value:windows
prop：key:sun.io.unicode.encoding->value:UnicodeLittle
prop：key:sun.cpu.endian->value:little
prop：key:java.vendor.url.bug->value:http://bugreport.sun.com/bugreport/
prop：key:file.separator->value:\
prop：key:java.vendor->value:Oracle Corporation
prop：key:sun.boot.class.path->value:D:\env\jdk1.8.0_261\jre\lib\resources.jar;D:\env\jdk1.8.0_261\jre\lib\rt.jar;D:\env\jdk1.8.0_261\jre\lib\sunrsasign.jar;D:\env\jdk1.8.0_261\jre\lib\jsse.jar;D:\env\jdk1.8.0_261\jre\lib\jce.jar;D:\env\jdk1.8.0_261\jre\lib\charsets.jar;D:\env\jdk1.8.0_261\jre\lib\jfr.jar;D:\env\jdk1.8.0_261\jre\classes
prop：key:java.ext.dirs->value:D:\env\jdk1.8.0_261\jre\lib\ext;C:\Windows\Sun\Java\lib\ext
prop：key:java.version->value:1.8.0_261
prop：key:java.vm.info->value:mixed mode
prop：key:awt.toolkit->value:sun.awt.windows.WToolkit
prop：key:user.language->value:zh
prop：key:java.specification.vendor->value:Oracle Corporation
prop：key:java.home->value:D:\env\jdk1.8.0_261\jre
prop：key:sun.arch.data.model->value:64
prop：key:java.vm.specification.version->value:1.8
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prop：key:file.encoding->value:UTF-8
prop：key:java.specification.version->value:1.8
prop：key:java.awt.printerjob->value:sun.awt.windows.WPrinterJob
prop：key:user.timezone->value:
prop：key:os.version->value:10.0
prop：key:sun.management.compiler->value:HotSpot 64-Bit Tiered Compilers
prop：key:java.specification.name->value:Java Platform API Specification
prop：key:java.class.version->value:52.0
prop：key:sun.jnu.encoding->value:GBK
prop：key:os.name->value:Windows 10
prop：key:user.variant->value:
prop：key:java.vm.specification.vendor->value:Oracle Corporation
prop：key:line.separator->value:

prop：key:java.endorsed.dirs->value:D:\env\jdk1.8.0_261\jre\lib\endorsed
prop：key:os.arch->value:amd64
prop：key:add.prop->value:prop_val
prop：key:java.awt.graphicsenv->value:sun.awt.Win32GraphicsEnvironment
prop：key:java.runtime.version->value:1.8.0_261-b12
prop：key:java.vm.specification.name->value:Java Virtual Machine Specification
prop：key:user.dir->value:D:\projects\flink-config
prop：key:user.script->value:
prop：key:sun.java.launcher->value:SUN_STANDARD
prop：key:user.country->value:CN
prop：key:sun.os.patch.level->value:
prop：key:java.vm.name->value:Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM
prop：key:file.encoding.pkg->value:sun.io
prop：key:path.separator->value:;
prop：key:java.vm.vendor->value:Oracle Corporation
prop：key:java.vendor.url->value:http://java.oracle.com/
prop：key:sun.boot.library.path->value:D:\env\jdk1.8.0_261\jre\bin
prop：key:java.vm.version->value:25.261-b12
prop：key:java.runtime.name->value:Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment

（1）System.getEnv()获取的都是，系统环境变量

（2）System.getProperty()获取的都是java环境变量，可以通过System.setProperty()设置

linux环境

执行jar

java -jar xxx-config-1.0.jar

结果：

env：key:HISTCONTROL->value:ignoredups
env：key:HISTSIZE->value:1000
env：key:JAVA_HOME->value:/usr/local/jdk
env：key:TERM->value:xterm
env：key:LANG->value:en_US.UTF-8
env：key:SELINUX_LEVEL_REQUESTED->value:
env：key:SELINUX_ROLE_REQUESTED->value:
env：key:TMOUT->value:0
env：key:UDF->value:TEST_UDF_VAL
env：key:NSS_SDB_USE_CACHE->value:yes
env：key:_->value:/bin/java
env：key:UDF_ENV_KEY->value:ENV_VAL
env：key:LESSOPEN->value:||/usr/bin/lesspipe.sh %s
env：key:SHELL->value:/bin/sh
env：key:QT_GRAPHICSSYSTEM_CHECKED->value:1
env：key:SELINUX_USE_CURRENT_RANGE->value:
env：key:FLINK_HOME->value:/home/dcstreampark/env/flink
env：key:QTINC->value:/usr/lib64/qt-3.3/include
env：key:SSH_TTY->value:/dev/pts/2
env：key:SSH_CLIENT->value:10.80.23.112 60907 22
env：key:CLASSPATH->value:.:/usr/local/jdk/lib/tools.jar:/usr/local/jdk/lib/dt.jar:/usr/local/jdk/lib
env：key:QTDIR->value:/usr/lib64/qt-3.3
env：key:QTLIB->value:/usr/lib64/qt-3.3/lib
env：key:SHLVL->value:1
prop：key:sun.cpu.isalist->value:
prop：key:sun.io.unicode.encoding->value:UnicodeLittle
prop：key:sun.cpu.endian->value:little
prop：key:java.vendor.url.bug->value:https://bugzilla.redhat.com/enter_bug.cgi?product=Red%20Hat%20Enterprise%20Linux%207&component=java-1.8.0-openjdk
prop：key:file.separator->value:/
prop：key:java.vendor->value:Red Hat, Inc.
prop：key:sun.boot.class.path->value:/usr/lib/jvm/java-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.292.b10-1.el7_9.x86_64/jre/lib/resources.jar:/usr/lib/jvm/java-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.292.b10-1.el7_9.x86_64/jre/lib/rt.jar:/usr/lib/jvm/java-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.292.b10-1.el7_9.x86_64/jre/lib/sunrsasign.jar:/usr/lib/jvm/java-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.292.b10-1.el7_9.x86_64/jre/lib/jsse.jar:/usr/lib/jvm/java-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.292.b10-1.el7_9.x86_64/jre/lib/jce.jar:/usr/lib/jvm/java-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.292.b10-1.el7_9.x86_64/jre/lib/charsets.jar:/usr/lib/jvm/java-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.292.b10-1.el7_9.x86_64/jre/lib/jfr.jar:/usr/lib/jvm/java-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.292.b10-1.el7_9.x86_64/jre/classes
prop：key:java.ext.dirs->value:/usr/lib/jvm/java-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.292.b10-1.el7_9.x86_64/jre/lib/ext:/usr/java/packages/lib/ext
prop：key:java.version->value:1.8.0_292
prop：key:java.vm.info->value:mixed mode
prop：key:awt.toolkit->value:sun.awt.X11.XToolkit
prop：key:user.language->value:en
prop：key:java.specification.vendor->value:Oracle Corporation
prop：key:sun.java.command->value:flink-config-1.0.jar
prop：key:java.home->value:/usr/lib/jvm/java-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.292.b10-1.el7_9.x86_64/jre
prop：key:sun.arch.data.model->value:64
prop：key:java.vm.specification.version->value:1.8
prop：key:java.class.path->value:flink-config-1.0.jar
prop：key:file.encoding->value:UTF-8
prop：key:java.specification.version->value:1.8
prop：key:java.awt.printerjob->value:sun.print.PSPrinterJob
prop：key:user.timezone->value:
prop：key:os.version->value:5.10.38-21.01.el7.x86_64
prop：key:sun.management.compiler->value:HotSpot 64-Bit Tiered Compilers
prop：key:java.specification.name->value:Java Platform API Specification
prop：key:java.class.version->value:52.0
prop：key:java.library.path->value:/usr/java/packages/lib/amd64:/usr/lib64:/lib64:/lib:/usr/lib
prop：key:sun.jnu.encoding->value:UTF-8
prop：key:os.name->value:Linux
prop：key:java.vm.specification.vendor->value:Oracle Corporation
prop：key:java.io.tmpdir->value:/tmp
prop：key:line.separator->value:

prop：key:java.endorsed.dirs->value:/usr/lib/jvm/java-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.292.b10-1.el7_9.x86_64/jre/lib/endorsed
prop：key:os.arch->value:amd64
prop：key:java.awt.graphicsenv->value:sun.awt.X11GraphicsEnvironment
prop：key:java.runtime.version->value:1.8.0_292-b10
prop：key:java.vm.specification.name->value:Java Virtual Machine Specification
prop：key:user.country->value:US
prop：key:sun.java.launcher->value:SUN_STANDARD
prop：key:sun.os.patch.level->value:unknown
prop：key:java.vm.name->value:OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM
prop：key:file.encoding.pkg->value:sun.io
prop：key:path.separator->value::
prop：key:java.vm.vendor->value:Red Hat, Inc.
prop：key:java.vendor.url->value:https://www.redhat.com/
prop：key:sun.boot.library.path->value:/usr/lib/jvm/java-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.292.b10-1.el7_9.x86_64/jre/lib/amd64
prop：key:java.vm.version->value:25.292-b10
prop：key:java.runtime.name->value:OpenJDK Runtime Environment

（1）System.getEnv()获取的都是，系统环境变量

比如：

export JAVA_HOME=usr/jdk-1.8

（2）System.getProperty()获取的都是java环境变量，可以通过System.setProperty()设置

参考文章：
系统变量之System.getenv和System.getProperty()
linux环境变量和linux命令export