AJAX介绍&使用&案例

rch0411262024-03-24 13:55

文章目录

一、AJAX概念


异步和同步

二、AJAX快速入门

1、编写AjaxServlet，并使用response输出字符（后台代码）

java 复制代码 
package com.itheima.web.servlet;

import javax.servlet.*;
import javax.servlet.http.*;
import javax.servlet.annotation.*;
import java.io.IOException;

@WebServlet("/ajaxServlet")
public class AjaxServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //1. 响应数据
        response.getWriter().write("hello ajax~");
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        this.doGet(request, response);
    }
}

2、创建XMLHttpRequest对象：用于和服务器交换数据 & 3、向服务器发送请求 & 4、获取服务器响应数据


html 复制代码 
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>



<script>
    //1. 创建核心对象
    var xhttp;
    if (window.XMLHttpRequest) {
        xhttp = new XMLHttpRequest();
    } else {
        // code for IE6, IE5
        xhttp = new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP");
    }
    //2. 发送请求
    xhttp.open("GET", "http://localhost:8080/ajax-demo/ajaxServlet");
    xhttp.send();

    //3. 获取响应
    xhttp.onreadystatechange = function() {
        if (this.readyState == 4 && this.status == 200) {
               alert(this.responseText);
        }
    };


</script>

</body>
</html>

三、案例-验证用户是否存在

1、SelectUserServlet

java 复制代码 
package com.itheima.web.servlet;

import javax.servlet.*;
import javax.servlet.http.*;
import javax.servlet.annotation.*;
import java.io.IOException;

@WebServlet("/selectUserServlet")
public class SelectUserServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {

        //1. 接收用户名
        String username = request.getParameter("username");

        //2. 调用service查询User对象

        boolean flag = true;

        //3. 响应标记
        response.getWriter().write("" + flag);


    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        this.doGet(request, response);
    }
}

2、register.html

html 复制代码 
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>欢迎注册</title>
    <link href="css/register.css" rel="stylesheet">
</head>
<body>

<div class="form-div">
    <div class="reg-content">
        <h1>欢迎注册</h1>
        <span>已有帐号？</span> <a href="login.html">登录</a>
    </div>
    <form id="reg-form" action="#" method="get">

        <table>

            <tr>
                <td>用户名</td>
                <td class="inputs">
                    <input name="username" type="text" id="username">
                    <br>
                    <span id="username_err" class="err_msg" style="display: none">用户名已存在</span>
                </td>

            </tr>

            <tr>
                <td>密码</td>
                <td class="inputs">
                    <input name="password" type="password" id="password">
                    <br>
                    <span id="password_err" class="err_msg" style="display: none">密码格式有误</span>
                </td>
            </tr>


            <tr>
                <td>验证码</td>
                <td class="inputs">
                    <input name="checkCode" type="text" id="checkCode">
                    <img src="imgs/a.jpg">
                    <a href="#" id="changeImg">看不清？</a>
                </td>
            </tr>

        </table>

        <div class="buttons">
            <input value="注 册" type="submit" id="reg_btn">
        </div>
        <br class="clear">
    </form>

</div>

<script>

    //1. 给用户名输入框绑定 失去焦点事件
    document.getElementById("username").onblur = function () {
        //2. 发送ajax请求
        // 获取用户名的值
        var username = this.value;

        //2.1. 创建核心对象
        var xhttp;
        if (window.XMLHttpRequest) {
            xhttp = new XMLHttpRequest();
        } else {
            // code for IE6, IE5
            xhttp = new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP");
        }
        //2.2. 发送请求
        xhttp.open("GET", "http://localhost:8080/ajax-demo/selectUserServlet?username="+username);
        xhttp.send();

        //2.3. 获取响应
        xhttp.onreadystatechange = function() {
            if (this.readyState == 4 && this.status == 200) {
                //alert(this.responseText);
                //判断
                if(this.responseText == "true"){
                    //用户名存在，显示提示信息
                    document.getElementById("username_err").style.display = '';
                }else {
                    //用户名不存在 ，清除提示信息
                    document.getElementById("username_err").style.display = 'none';
                }
            }
        };

    }




</script>
</body>
</html>

四、Axios异步框架


http://www.axios-http.cn

1、Axios快速入门

（1）、get

java 复制代码 
package com.itheima.web.servlet;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

@WebServlet("/axiosServlet")
public class AxiosServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("get...");

        //1. 接收请求参数
        String username = request.getParameter("username");
        System.out.println(username);

        //2. 响应数据
        response.getWriter().write("hello Axios~");
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("post...");
        this.doGet(request, response);
    }
}
java 复制代码 
axios({
        method:"get",
        url:"http://localhost:8080/ajax-demo/axiosServlet?username=zhangsan"
    }).then(function (resp) {
        alert(resp.data);
    })

（2）、post

java 复制代码 
    axios({
        method:"post",
        url:"http://localhost:8080/ajax-demo/axiosServlet",
        data:"username=zhangsan"
    }).then(function (resp) {
        alert(resp.data);
    })

2、Axios请求方式别名（阅读性不好）

java 复制代码 
//get
    axios.get("http://localhost:8080/ajax-demo/axiosServlet?username=zhangsan").then(function (resp) {
        alert(resp.data);
    })
    
//post
    var jsObject = {name:"zhangsan"};

    axios({
        method:"post",
        url:"http://localhost:8080/ajax-demo/axiosServlet",
        data:jsObject
    }).then(function (resp) {
        alert(resp.data);
    })

五、JSON

JSON概念

1、JSON基础语法

html 复制代码 
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>


<script>
    //1. 定义JSON字符串
    var json = {"name": "zhangsan", 
        "age": 23, 
        "addr": ["北京", "上海", "西安"]
    };
    //获取值
    alert(json.name);
</script>

</body>
</html>

2、JSON数据和Java对象转换


（1）、导入坐标

xml 复制代码 
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
            <artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>
            <version>1.2.62</version>
        </dependency>

（2）、转换

User

java 复制代码 
package com.itheima.json;

public class User {

    private Integer id;
    private String username;
    private String password;


    public Integer getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(Integer id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getUsername() {
        return username;
    }

    public void setUsername(String username) {
        this.username = username;
    }

    public String getPassword() {
        return password;
    }

    public void setPassword(String password) {
        this.password = password;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "User{" +
                "id=" + id +
                ", username='" + username + '\'' +
                ", password='" + password + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}
java 复制代码 
package com.itheima.json;

import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON;

public class FastJsonDemo {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //1. 将Java对象转为JSON字符串
        User user = new User();
        user.setId(1);
        user.setUsername("zhangsan");
        user.setPassword("123");

        String jsonString = JSON.toJSONString(user);
        System.out.println(jsonString);//{"id":1,"password":"123","username":"zhangsan"}


        //2. 将JSON字符串转为Java对象

        User u = JSON.parseObject("{\"id\":1,\"password\":\"123\",\"username\":\"zhangsan\"}", User.class);
        System.out.println(u);


    }
}

3、案例

（1）、查询所有

1、Web层
java 复制代码 
package com.itheima.web;

import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON;
import com.itheima.pojo.Brand;
import com.itheima.service.BrandService;

import javax.servlet.*;
import javax.servlet.http.*;
import javax.servlet.annotation.*;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.List;

@WebServlet("/selectAllServlet")
public class SelectAllServlet extends HttpServlet {
    private BrandService brandService = new BrandService();

    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //1. 调用Service查询
        List<Brand> brands = brandService.selectAll();

        //2. 将集合转换为JSON数据   序列化
        String jsonString = JSON.toJSONString(brands);

        //3. 响应数据
        response.setContentType("text/json;charset=utf-8");
        response.getWriter().write(jsonString);
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        this.doGet(request, response);
    }
}
2、brand.html
html 复制代码 
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<a href="addBrand.html"><input type="button" value="新增"></a><br>
<hr>
<table id="brandTable" border="1" cellspacing="0" width="100%">
    <tr>
        <th>序号</th>
        <th>品牌名称</th>
        <th>企业名称</th>
        <th>排序</th>
        <th>品牌介绍</th>
        <th>状态</th>
        <th>操作</th>
    </tr>
    <tr align="center">
        <td>1</td>
        <td>三只松鼠</td>
        <td>三只松鼠</td>
        <td>100</td>
        <td>三只松鼠，好吃不上火</td>
        <td>启用</td>
        <td><a href="#">修改</a> <a href="#">删除</a></td>
    </tr>

    <tr align="center">
        <td>2</td>
        <td>优衣库</td>
        <td>优衣库</td>
        <td>10</td>
        <td>优衣库，服适人生</td>
        <td>禁用</td>

        <td><a href="#">修改</a> <a href="#">删除</a></td>
    </tr>

    <tr align="center">
        <td>3</td>
        <td>小米</td>
        <td>小米科技有限公司</td>
        <td>1000</td>
        <td>为发烧而生</td>
        <td>启用</td>

        <td><a href="#">修改</a> <a href="#">删除</a></td>
    </tr>
</table>

<script src="js/axios-0.18.0.js"></script>

<script>
    //1. 当页面加载完成后，发送ajax请求
    window.onload = function () {
        //2. 发送ajax请求
        axios({
            method:"get",
            url:"http://localhost:8080/brand-demo/selectAllServlet"
        }).then(function (resp) {
            //获取数据
            let brands = resp.data;
            let tableData = " <tr>\n" +
                "        <th>序号</th>\n" +
                "        <th>品牌名称</th>\n" +
                "        <th>企业名称</th>\n" +
                "        <th>排序</th>\n" +
                "        <th>品牌介绍</th>\n" +
                "        <th>状态</th>\n" +
                "        <th>操作</th>\n" +
                "    </tr>";

            for (let i = 0; i < brands.length ; i++) {
                let brand = brands[i];

                tableData += "\n" +
                    "    <tr align=\"center\">\n" +
                    "        <td>"+(i+1)+"</td>\n" +
                    "        <td>"+brand.brandName+"</td>\n" +
                    "        <td>"+brand.companyName+"</td>\n" +
                    "        <td>"+brand.ordered+"</td>\n" +
                    "        <td>"+brand.description+"</td>\n" +
                    "        <td>"+brand.status+"</td>\n" +
                    "\n" +
                    "        <td><a href=\"#\">修改</a> <a href=\"#\">删除</a></td>\n" +
                    "    </tr>";
            }

            // 设置表格数据
            document.getElementById("brandTable").innerHTML = tableData;
        })
    }



</script>


</body>
</html>

（2）、新增品牌

1、Web层
java 复制代码 
package com.itheima.web;

import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON;
import com.itheima.pojo.Brand;
import com.itheima.service.BrandService;

import javax.servlet.*;
import javax.servlet.http.*;
import javax.servlet.annotation.*;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;

@WebServlet("/addServlet")
public class AddServlet extends HttpServlet {

    private BrandService brandService = new BrandService();

    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {

        //1. 接收数据,request.getParameter 不能接收json的数据
       /* String brandName = request.getParameter("brandName");
        System.out.println(brandName);*/

        // 获取请求体数据
        BufferedReader br = request.getReader();
        String params = br.readLine();

        // 将JSON字符串转为Java对象
        Brand brand = JSON.parseObject(params, Brand.class);


        //2. 调用service 添加
        brandService.add(brand);

        //3. 响应成功标识
        response.getWriter().write("success");
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        this.doGet(request, response);
    }
}
2、addBrand.html
html 复制代码 
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">

<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>添加品牌</title>
</head>
<body>
<h3>添加品牌</h3>
<form action="" method="post">
    品牌名称：<input id="brandName" name="brandName"><br>
    企业名称：<input id="companyName" name="companyName"><br>
    排序：<input id="ordered" name="ordered"><br>
    描述信息：<textarea rows="5" cols="20" id="description" name="description"></textarea><br>
    状态：
    <input type="radio" name="status" value="0">禁用
    <input type="radio" name="status" value="1">启用<br>

    <input type="button" id="btn"  value="提交">
</form>

<script src="js/axios-0.18.0.js"></script>

<script>
    //1. 给按钮绑定单击事件
    document.getElementById("btn").onclick = function () {
        // 将表单数据转为json
        var formData = {
            brandName:"",
            companyName:"",
            ordered:"",
            description:"",
            status:"",
        };
        // 获取表单数据
        let brandName = document.getElementById("brandName").value;
        // 设置数据
        formData.brandName = brandName;

        // 获取表单数据
        let companyName = document.getElementById("companyName").value;
        // 设置数据
        formData.companyName = companyName;

        // 获取表单数据
        let ordered = document.getElementById("ordered").value;
        // 设置数据
        formData.ordered = ordered;

        // 获取表单数据
        let description = document.getElementById("description").value;
        // 设置数据
        formData.description = description;

        let status = document.getElementsByName("status");
        for (let i = 0; i < status.length; i++) {
            if(status[i].checked){
                //
                formData.status = status[i].value ;
            }
        }

        console.log(formData);
        //2. 发送ajax请求
        axios({
            method:"post",
            url:"http://localhost:8080/brand-demo/addServlet",
            data:formData
        }).then(function (resp) {
            // 判断响应数据是否为 success
            if(resp.data == "success"){
                location.href = "http://localhost:8080/brand-demo/brand.html";
            }
        })
    }



</script>
</body>
</html>

、

相关推荐
懒大王爱吃狼35 分钟前
Python教程：python枚举类定义和使用
开发语言·前端·javascript·python·python基础·python编程·python书籍
逐·風5 小时前
unity关于自定义渲染、内存管理、性能调优、复杂物理模拟、并行计算以及插件开发
前端·unity·c#
Devil枫5 小时前
Vue 3 单元测试与E2E测试
前端·vue.js·单元测试
尚梦6 小时前
uni-app 封装刘海状态栏（适用小程序， h5, 头条小程序）
前端·小程序·uni-app
GIS程序媛—椰子6 小时前
【Vue 全家桶】6、vue-router 路由（更新中）
前端·vue.js
前端青山7 小时前
Node.js-增强 API 安全性和性能优化
开发语言·前端·javascript·性能优化·前端框架·node.js
毕业设计制作和分享7 小时前
ssm《数据库系统原理》课程平台的设计与实现+vue
前端·数据库·vue.js·oracle·mybatis
清灵xmf9 小时前
在 Vue 中实现与优化轮询技术
前端·javascript·vue·轮询
大佩梨9 小时前
VUE+Vite之环境文件配置及使用环境变量
前端
GDAL9 小时前
npm入门教程1：npm简介
前端·npm·node.js
热门推荐
01【HarmonyOS】HUAWEI DevEco Studio 下载地址汇总02(欧拉)openEuler系统添加网卡文件配置流程、(欧拉)openEuler系统手动配置ipv6地址流程、(欧拉)openEuler系统网络管理说明03组基轨迹建模 GBTM的介绍与实现（Stata 或 R）04【AIGC】重塑未来的科技巨轮05全面解析：构建基于深度学习的安全帽检测系统（UI界面+YOLO代码+数据集）06【经验分享】Ubuntu22.04安装微信(linux官方版)07基于YOLOv10深度学习的CT扫描图像肾结石智能检测系统【python源码+Pyqt5界面+数据集+训练代码】深度学习实战、目标检测08Ubuntu 20.04使用Livox mid 360 测试 FAST_LIO09RAG 实践- Ollama+RagFlow 部署本地知识库10红米手机使用google play