hadoop 常用命令

hadoop 常用命令

hadoop fs -mkdir /test

hadoop fs -put /opt/frank/tb_test03.txt /test/

hadoop fs -ls /test/

hadoop fs -cat /test/tb_test03.txt

hadoop fs -rm /test/tb_test03.txt

hadoop dfs 也能使用、但不推荐，执行会提示：

DEPRECATED: Use of this script to execute hdfs command is deprecated.

Instead use the hdfs command for it.

常看hdfs系统使用情况

hadoop fs -du -s -h /

Hive LOAD 语法

LOAD DATA LOCAL INPATH {file_path} OVERWRITE INTO TABLE { table_name } PARTITION(partition_colname1="val1", partition_colname2="val2",)... ;

LOAD 示例：

-- 从本地OS系统目录加载文件到Hive表

LOAD DATA LOCAL INPATH '/opt/frank/tb_test03.txt' INTO TABLE tb_test03;

LOAD DATA LOCAL INPATH '/opt/frank/tb_test03.txt' OVERWRITE INTO TABLE tb_test03;

LOAD DATA LOCAL INPATH '/opt/frank/tb_test04_pt.txt' OVERWRITE INTO TABLE tb_test04_pt PARTITION(pt="20240101");

-- 从HDFS系统目录加载文件到Hive表

hadoop fs -put /opt/frank/tb_test03.txt /test/

LOAD DATA INPATH '/test/tb_test03.txt' INTO TABLE tb_test03;

slave 节点查看 datanode 服务状态：

$ jps -v |grep DataNode

$ hadoop dfsadmin -report

slave 节点重启（停止、启动） datanode 服务：

$ ./sbin/hadoop-daemon.sh stop datanode

$ ./sbin/hadoop-daemon.sh start datanode

查看 HDFS 文件中系统的DFS使用情况：

$ hadoop fs -du -s -h /

垃圾清理（多次执行）：

$ hadoop fs -expunge

datanode 使用率占满&配置容量显示为0的问题【DFS Used%: 100.00% & Configured Capacity: 0 (0 B)】

$ hadoop dfsadmin -report

查看到使用率占满，显示：

DEPRECATED: Use of this script to execute hdfs command is deprecated.

Instead use the hdfs command for it.

Configured Capacity: 0 (0 B)

Present Capacity: 0 (0 B)

DFS Remaining: 0 (0 B)

DFS Used: 0 (0 B)

DFS Used%: NaN%

Under replicated blocks: 76125

Blocks with corrupt replicas: 0

Missing blocks: 76125

Missing blocks (with replication factor 1): 21993

---

Live datanodes (1):

Name: 192.168.1.188:50010 (hadoop01)

Hostname: hadoop01

Decommission Status : Normal

Configured Capacity: 0 (0 B)

DFS Used: 0 (0 B)

Non DFS Used: 0 (0 B)

DFS Remaining: 0 (0 B)

DFS Used%: 100.00%

DFS Remaining%: 0.00%

Configured Cache Capacity: 0 (0 B)

Cache Used: 0 (0 B)

Cache Remaining: 0 (0 B)

Cache Used%: 100.00%

Cache Remaining%: 0.00%

Xceivers: 0

Last contact: Mon Mar 25 17:02:43 CST 2024

配置容量显示为0了：

Configured Capacity: 0 (0 B)

尝试多种方法、最终原因是 slave 中配置的 datanode 节点 hostname 配置成了 localhost 而导致的问题。

vi salve 把配置的 datanode 主机名配置为 hadoop01 后，重启 datanode 服务，问题就解决了。

$ ./sbin/hadoop-daemon.sh stop datanode

$ ./sbin/hadoop-daemon.sh start datanode

$ hadoop dfsadmin -report

DEPRECATED: Use of this script to execute hdfs command is deprecated.

Instead use the hdfs command for it.

Configured Capacity: 98337751040 (91.58 GB)

Present Capacity: 65340043264 (60.85 GB)

DFS Remaining: 61911707648 (57.66 GB)

DFS Used: 3428335616 (3.19 GB)

DFS Used%: 5.25%

Under replicated blocks: 73720

Blocks with corrupt replicas: 0

Missing blocks: 82

Missing blocks (with replication factor 1): 21993

---

Live datanodes (1):

Name: 192.168.1.188:50010 (hadoop01)

Hostname: hadoop01

Decommission Status : Normal

Configured Capacity: 98337751040 (91.58 GB)

DFS Used: 3428335616 (3.19 GB)

Non DFS Used: 32997707776 (30.73 GB)

DFS Remaining: 61911707648 (57.66 GB)

DFS Used%: 3.49%

DFS Remaining%: 62.96%

Configured Cache Capacity: 0 (0 B)

Cache Used: 0 (0 B)

Cache Remaining: 0 (0 B)

Cache Used%: 100.00%

Cache Remaining%: 0.00%

Xceivers: 1

Last contact: Mon Mar 25 17:27:05 CST 2024

Hive建表和LOAD数据：

-- 普通表（TextFile存储格式）

drop table if exists testdb.tb_test03;

create table testdb.tb_test03 (

id int,

info string,

cnt bigint)

-- partitioned by (pt_sheng string)

ROW FORMAT DELIMITED FIELDS TERMINATED BY ',' LINES TERMINATED BY '\n'

STORED AS TextFile

-- STORED AS INPUTFORMAT

-- 'org.apache.hadoop.mapred.TextInputFormat'

-- OUTPUTFORMAT

-- 'org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.io.HiveIgnoreKeyTextOutputFormat'

LOCATION 'hdfs://192.168.1.188:9000/user/hive/warehouse/testdb.db/tb_test03'

;

-- hadoop fs -ls /user/hive/warehouse/testdb.db/tb_test03.txt

show tables;

show create table testdb.tb_test03;

select * from testdb.tb_test03;

-- 方法1：

$ echo '1,jack,95

2,frank,96

3,lucy,97

4,hack,99' > /opt/frank/tb_test03.txt

-- hiveSQL: load from Local OS dir

LOAD DATA LOCAL INPATH '/opt/frank/tb_test03.txt' OVERWRITE INTO TABLE tb_test03;

-- 方法2：

-- shell_cmd: 先拷贝到 hdfs, 再从 hdfs 路径 load

-- $ hadoop fs -rm /frank/tb_test03.txt

-- $ hadoop fs -put /opt/frank/tb_test03.txt /frank/

-- $ hadoop fs -cat /frank/tb_test03.txt

-- -- hiveSQL: load from HDFS FileSystem dir

-- LOAD DATA INPATH '/frank/tb_test03.txt' OVERWRITE INTO TABLE tb_test03;

select * from tb_test03;

-- load后会在配置文件决定的固定目录下产生一个表名对应的目录，目录下为对应的数据文件

$ hadoop fs -ls /user/hive/warehouse/testdb.db/tb_test03/

drop table if exists testdb.tb_test03;

create table testdb.tb_test03 (

id int,

info string,

cnt bigint)

-- partitioned by (pt_sheng string)

ROW FORMAT DELIMITED FIELDS TERMINATED BY ',' LINES TERMINATED BY '\n'

-- STORED AS TextFile

STORED AS TextFile

'org.apache.hadoop.mapred.TextInputFormat'

OUTPUTFORMAT

'org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.io.HiveIgnoreKeyTextOutputFormat'

LOCATION 'hdfs://192.168.1.188:9000/user/hive/warehouse/testdb.db/tb_test03'

;

show tables;

show create table testdb.tb_test03;

select * from testdb.tb_test03;

-- 分区表（TextFile存储格式）

drop table if exists testdb.tb_test04_pt;

create table testdb.tb_test04_pt (

id int,

info string,

cnt bigint)

PARTITIONED BY (pt string)

ROW FORMAT DELIMITED FIELDS TERMINATED BY ',' LINES TERMINATED BY '\n'

STORED AS TextFile

LOCATION 'hdfs://192.168.1.188:9000/user/hive/warehouse/testdb.db/tb_test04_pt'

;

show tables;

show create table testdb.tb_test04_pt;

select * from testdb.tb_test04_pt;

echo '1,jack,95

2,frank,96

3,lucy,97

4,hack,99' > /opt/frank/tb_test04_pt.txt

LOAD DATA LOCAL INPATH '/opt/frank/tb_test04_pt.txt' OVERWRITE INTO TABLE tb_test04_pt PARTITION(pt="20240101");

如果创建 PARQUET 存储格式的表则指定 STORED AS PARQUET