canal部署

weixin_517118972024-04-04 17:07

定义

  1. canal组件是一个基于mysql数据库增量日志解析，提供增量数据订阅和消费，支持将增量数据投递到下游消费者（kafka，rocketmq等）或者存储（elasticearch,hbase等）
  2. canal感知到mysql数据变动，然后解析变动数据，将变动数据发送到mq或者同步到其他数据库，等待进一步业务逻辑处理

canal的工作原理

  1. mysql master将数据变更写入到二进制日志binary long，简称binlog
  2. mysql slave将master的bin log拷贝到它的中继日志relay log
  3. mysql slave重放relay log操作，将变更数据同步到最新

mysql binlog日志

介绍

  1. mysql的binlog可以说mysql的最重要的日志，它记录了所有的DDL(表的创建)和DML(数据发生变化)语句，以事件形式记录
  2. mysql默认情况下是不开启binlog，因为记录binlog日志需要消耗时间，官方给出的数据是有1%的性能损耗
    1. 一般来说，在下面两场场景下会开启binlog日志
      1. mysql主从集群部署时，需要将在master端开启binlog，方便将数据同步到slaves中
      2. 数据恢复了，通过使用mysql binlog工具来使数据恢复

binlog的分类

分类 介绍 优点 缺点
STATEMENT 语句级别，记录每一次执行写操作的语句相当于row模式节省了空间，但是可能产生的数据不一致，有疑执行时间不同，导致产生的数据不同 节省空间 可能造成数据不一致
ROW 行级，记录每次操作后每行记录的变化，假如一个update的sql执行结果是1万行statement只存一条，如果是row的话会把这1万行的结果存着 数据绝对一致性，因为不管sql是什么，引用了什么函数，他只记录执行后的效果 占用较大空间
MIXED 是对STATEMENT的升级，如当函数中包含UUID()时，包含AUTO_INCREMENT字段的表被更新时，执行INSERT DELAYED语句时，用UDF时，会按照ROW的方式进行处理 节省空间，同时兼顾了一定的一致性 还有些极个别情况依旧会造成不一致，另外STATEMENT和mixed对于需要对binlog的监控的情况都不方便

canal工作原理

  1. canal将自己伪装为mysql slave,向mysql master发送bump协议
  2. mysql master 收到dump请求，开始推送binary log给slave（canal）
  3. canal接收并解析binlog日志，得到变更的数据，执行后续逻辑

canal应用场景

数据同步

  1. canal可以帮助用户进行多种数据同步操作，如实时同步mysql数据到elasticsearch，redis等数据存储介质中

数据库实时监控

  1. canal可以实时监控mysql的更新操作，对于敏感数据的修改可以及时通知相关人员

数据分析和挖掘

  1. canal可以将mysql增量数据投递到kafka等消息队列中，为数据分析和挖掘提供数据来源

数据库备份

  1. canal可以将mysql主库上的数据增量日志复制到备库上，实现数据库的备份

数据集成

  1. canal可以将多个mysql数据库中的数据进行集成，为数据处理提供更加高效可靠的解决方案

数据库迁移

  1. canal可以协助完成mysql数据库的辨别升级及数据迁移任务

canal中mysql配置

shell 复制代码 
vim /etc/mysql/my.cnf
[mysqld]
# 设置主服务器唯一ID
server-id=1
# 启用二进制日志
log-bin=mysql-bin
# 设置不要复制的数据库(可以设置多个)
binlog-ignore-db=mysql
# 设置需要监听的数据库,不配置表示所有数据库均开启
#binlog-do-db=canal-demo
# 设置logbin格式
binlog_format=row
bind-address = 0.0.0.0

canal下载配置文件

shell 复制代码 
官网下载
tar -zvxf canal.deployer-1.1.7.tar.gz
cd canal
cd conf
#################################################
#########               common argument         #############
#################################################
# tcp bind ip
canal.ip =
# register ip to zookeeper
canal.register.ip = 192.168.7.129    # canal的ip
canal.port = 11111
canal.metrics.pull.port = 11112
# canal instance user/passwd
# canal.user = canal
# canal.passwd = E3619321C1A937C46A0D8BD1DAC39F93B27D4458

# canal admin config
#canal.admin.manager = 127.0.0.1:8089
canal.admin.port = 11110
canal.admin.user = admin
canal.admin.passwd = 4ACFE3202A5FF5CF467898FC58AAB1D615029441
# admin auto register
#canal.admin.register.auto = true
#canal.admin.register.cluster =
#canal.admin.register.name =

canal.zkServers =192.168.5.6:2181   # kafka的端口的和ip
# flush data to zk
canal.zookeeper.flush.period = 1000
canal.withoutNetty = false
# tcp, kafka, rocketMQ, rabbitMQ, pulsarMQ
canal.serverMode = kafka     # 选择同步方式为kafka
# flush meta cursor/parse position to file
canal.file.data.dir = ${canal.conf.dir}
canal.file.flush.period = 1000
## memory store RingBuffer size, should be Math.pow(2,n)
canal.instance.memory.buffer.size = 16384
## memory store RingBuffer used memory unit size , default 1kb
canal.instance.memory.buffer.memunit = 1024
## meory store gets mode used MEMSIZE or ITEMSIZE
canal.instance.memory.batch.mode = MEMSIZE
canal.instance.memory.rawEntry = true

## detecing config
canal.instance.detecting.enable = false
#canal.instance.detecting.sql = insert into retl.xdual values(1,now()) on duplicate key update x=now()
canal.instance.detecting.sql = select 1
canal.instance.detecting.interval.time = 3
canal.instance.detecting.retry.threshold = 3
canal.instance.detecting.heartbeatHaEnable = false

# support maximum transaction size, more than the size of the transaction will be cut into multiple transactions delivery
canal.instance.transaction.size =  1024
# mysql fallback connected to new master should fallback times
canal.instance.fallbackIntervalInSeconds = 60

# network config
canal.instance.network.receiveBufferSize = 16384
canal.instance.network.sendBufferSize = 16384
canal.instance.network.soTimeout = 30

# binlog filter config
canal.instance.filter.druid.ddl = true
canal.instance.filter.query.dcl = false
canal.instance.filter.query.dml = false
canal.instance.filter.query.ddl = false
canal.instance.filter.table.error = false
canal.instance.filter.rows = false
canal.instance.filter.transaction.entry = false
canal.instance.filter.dml.insert = false
canal.instance.filter.dml.update = false
canal.instance.filter.dml.delete = false

# binlog format/image check
canal.instance.binlog.format = ROW,STATEMENT,MIXED
canal.instance.binlog.image = FULL,MINIMAL,NOBLOB

# binlog ddl isolation
canal.instance.get.ddl.isolation = false

# parallel parser config
canal.instance.parser.parallel = true
## concurrent thread number, default 60% available processors, suggest not to exceed Runtime.getRuntime().availableProcessors()
#canal.instance.parser.parallelThreadSize = 16
## disruptor ringbuffer size, must be power of 2
canal.instance.parser.parallelBufferSize = 256

# table meta tsdb info
canal.instance.tsdb.enable = true
canal.instance.tsdb.dir = ${canal.file.data.dir:../conf}/${canal.instance.destination:}
canal.instance.tsdb.url = jdbc:h2:${canal.instance.tsdb.dir}/h2;CACHE_SIZE=1000;MODE=MYSQL;
canal.instance.tsdb.dbUsername = canal
canal.instance.tsdb.dbPassword = canal
# dump snapshot interval, default 24 hour
canal.instance.tsdb.snapshot.interval = 24
# purge snapshot expire , default 360 hour(15 days)
canal.instance.tsdb.snapshot.expire = 360

#################################################
#########               destinations            #############
#################################################
canal.destinations = example,script   # 需要进行同步的任务，在conf/example文件下，和script下
# conf root dir
canal.conf.dir = ../conf
# auto scan instance dir add/remove and start/stop instance
canal.auto.scan = true
canal.auto.scan.interval = 5
# set this value to 'true' means that when binlog pos not found, skip to latest.
# WARN: pls keep 'false' in production env, or if you know what you want.
canal.auto.reset.latest.pos.mode = false

canal.instance.tsdb.spring.xml = classpath:spring/tsdb/h2-tsdb.xml
#canal.instance.tsdb.spring.xml = classpath:spring/tsdb/mysql-tsdb.xml

canal.instance.global.mode = spring
canal.instance.global.lazy = false
canal.instance.global.manager.address = ${canal.admin.manager}
#canal.instance.global.spring.xml = classpath:spring/memory-instance.xml
canal.instance.global.spring.xml = classpath:spring/file-instance.xml
#canal.instance.global.spring.xml = classpath:spring/default-instance.xml

##################################################
#########             MQ Properties      #############
##################################################
# aliyun ak/sk , support rds/mq
canal.aliyun.accessKey =
canal.aliyun.secretKey =
canal.aliyun.uid=

canal.mq.flatMessage = true
canal.mq.canalBatchSize = 50
canal.mq.canalGetTimeout = 100
# Set this value to "cloud", if you want open message trace feature in aliyun.
canal.mq.accessChannel = local

canal.mq.database.hash = true
canal.mq.send.thread.size = 30
canal.mq.build.thread.size = 8

##################################################
#########                    Kafka                   #############
##################################################
kafka.bootstrap.servers = 192.168.5.6:9092   # kafka的IP地址和端口
kafka.acks = all
kafka.compression.type = none
kafka.batch.size = 16384
kafka.linger.ms = 1
kafka.max.request.size = 1048576
kafka.buffer.memory = 33554432
kafka.max.in.flight.requests.per.connection = 1
kafka.retries = 0

kafka.kerberos.enable = false
kafka.kerberos.krb5.file = ../conf/kerberos/krb5.conf
kafka.kerberos.jaas.file = ../conf/kerberos/jaas.conf

# sasl demo
# kafka.sasl.jaas.config = org.apache.kafka.common.security.scram.ScramLoginModule required \\n username=\"alice\" \\npassword="alice-secret\";
# kafka.sasl.mechanism = SCRAM-SHA-512
# kafka.security.protocol = SASL_PLAINTEXT

##################################################
#########                   RocketMQ         #############
##################################################
rocketmq.producer.group = test
rocketmq.enable.message.trace = false
rocketmq.customized.trace.topic =
rocketmq.namespace =
rocketmq.namesrv.addr = 127.0.0.1:9876
rocketmq.retry.times.when.send.failed = 0
rocketmq.vip.channel.enabled = false
rocketmq.tag =

##################################################
#########                   RabbitMQ         #############
##################################################
rabbitmq.host =
rabbitmq.virtual.host =
rabbitmq.exchange =
rabbitmq.username =
rabbitmq.password =
rabbitmq.deliveryMode =


##################################################
#########                     Pulsar         #############
##################################################
pulsarmq.serverUrl =
pulsarmq.roleToken =
pulsarmq.topicTenantPrefix =

配置任务

shell 复制代码 
vim canal/conf/example
vim instance.properties
#################################################
## mysql serverId , v1.0.26+ will autoGen
# canal.instance.mysql.slaveId=0

# enable gtid use true/false
canal.instance.gtidon=false

# position info
canal.instance.master.address=192.168.7.129:3306  # 数据库的ip和端口
canal.instance.master.journal.name=
canal.instance.master.position=
canal.instance.master.timestamp=
canal.instance.master.gtid=

# rds oss binlog
canal.instance.rds.accesskey=
canal.instance.rds.secretkey=
canal.instance.rds.instanceId=

# table meta tsdb info
canal.instance.tsdb.enable=true
#canal.instance.tsdb.url=jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/canal_tsdb
#canal.instance.tsdb.dbUsername=canal
#canal.instance.tsdb.dbPassword=canal

#canal.instance.standby.address =
#canal.instance.standby.journal.name =
#canal.instance.standby.position =
#canal.instance.standby.timestamp =
#canal.instance.standby.gtid=

# username/password
canal.instance.dbUsername=canal              # 数据库的用户名
canal.instance.dbPassword=docker211102       # 数据库的密码
canal.instance.connectionCharset = UTF-8
# enable druid Decrypt database password
canal.instance.enableDruid=false
#canal.instance.pwdPublicKey=MFwwDQYJKoZIhvcNAQEBBQADSwAwSAJBALK4BUxdDltRRE5/zXpVEVPUgunvscYFtEip3pmLlhrWpacX7y7GCMo2/JM6LeHmiiNdH1FWgGCpUfircSwlWKUCAwEAAQ==

# table regex
canal.instance.filter.regex=script\\..*    #监控script这个数据库下面的所有的表
# table black regex
canal.instance.filter.black.regex=mysql\\.slave_.*
# table field filter(format: schema1.tableName1:field1/field2,schema2.tableName2:field1/field2)
#canal.instance.filter.field=test1.t_product:id/subject/keywords,test2.t_company:id/name/contact/ch
# table field black filter(format: schema1.tableName1:field1/field2,schema2.tableName2:field1/field2)
#canal.instance.filter.black.field=test1.t_product:subject/product_image,test2.t_company:id/name/contact/ch

# mq config
canal.mq.topic=example             # 将数据发送到example这个主题里面
# dynamic topic route by schema or table regex
#canal.mq.dynamicTopic=mytest1.user,topic2:mytest2\\..*,.*\\..*
canal.mq.partition=0
# hash partition config
#canal.mq.enableDynamicQueuePartition=false
#canal.mq.partitionsNum=3
#canal.mq.dynamicTopicPartitionNum=test.*:4,mycanal:6
#canal.mq.partitionHash=test.table:id^name,.*\\..*
#
# multi stream for polardbx
canal.instance.multi.stream.on=false
#################################################
shell 复制代码 
vim canal/conf/script
vim instance.properties
#################################################
## mysql serverId , v1.0.26+ will autoGen
# canal.instance.mysql.slaveId=0

# enable gtid use true/false
canal.instance.gtidon=false

# position info
canal.instance.master.address=192.168.7.129:3306   # 数据库的ip和端口
canal.instance.master.journal.name=
canal.instance.master.position=
canal.instance.master.timestamp=
canal.instance.master.gtid=

# rds oss binlog
canal.instance.rds.accesskey=
canal.instance.rds.secretkey=
canal.instance.rds.instanceId=

# table meta tsdb info
canal.instance.tsdb.enable=true
#canal.instance.tsdb.url=jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/canal_tsdb
#canal.instance.tsdb.dbUsername=canal
#canal.instance.tsdb.dbPassword=canal

#canal.instance.standby.address =
#canal.instance.standby.journal.name =
#canal.instance.standby.position =
#canal.instance.standby.timestamp =
#canal.instance.standby.gtid=

# username/password
canal.instance.dbUsername=canal                # 数据库的用户名
canal.instance.dbPassword=docker211102         # 数据库的密码
canal.instance.connectionCharset = UTF-8
# enable druid Decrypt database password
canal.instance.enableDruid=false
#canal.instance.pwdPublicKey=MFwwDQYJKoZIhvcNAQEBBQADSwAwSAJBALK4BUxdDltRRE5/zXpVEVPUgunvscYFtEip3pmLlhrWpacX7y7GCMo2/JM6LeHmiiNdH1FWgGCpUfircSwlWKUCAwEAAQ==

# table regex
canal.instance.filter.regex=canal-demo\\..*   # 监控cancl-demo这个库下面的所有表
# table black regex
canal.instance.filter.black.regex=mysql\\.slave_.*
# table field filter(format: schema1.tableName1:field1/field2,schema2.tableName2:field1/field2)
#canal.instance.filter.field=test1.t_product:id/subject/keywords,test2.t_company:id/name/contact/ch
# table field black filter(format: schema1.tableName1:field1/field2,schema2.tableName2:field1/field2)
#canal.instance.filter.black.field=test1.t_product:subject/product_image,test2.t_company:id/name/contact/ch

# mq config
canal.mq.topic=script          # 将数据发送到script这个主题里面
# dynamic topic route by schema or table regex
#canal.mq.dynamicTopic=mytest1.user,topic2:mytest2\\..*,.*\\..*
canal.mq.partition=0
# hash partition config
#canal.mq.enableDynamicQueuePartition=false
#canal.mq.partitionsNum=3
#canal.mq.dynamicTopicPartitionNum=test.*:4,mycanal:6
#canal.mq.partitionHash=test.table:id^name,.*\\..*
#
# multi stream for polardbx
canal.instance.multi.stream.on=false
#################################################
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