安装截图:
脚本内容:
bash
#!/bin/bash
# 自动处理运行中进程、清理数据目录并优化备份的MySQL安装脚本
# 版本设置
DEFAULT_VERSION="9.3.0"
GLIBC_VERSION="2.17"
# 颜色配置
RED='\033[0;31m'
GREEN='\033[0;32m'
YELLOW='\033[1;33m'
BLUE='\033[0;34m'
PURPLE='\033[0;35m'
CYAN='\033[0;36m'
NC='\033[0m'
# 日志配置
LOG_FILE="/var/log/mysql_install_$(date +%Y%m%d_%H%M%S).log"
exec > >(tee -a $LOG_FILE) 2>&1
MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD="123456"
# 进度条函数
progress_bar() {
local duration=$1
local width=50
local interval=2
local total_ticks=$((duration * 10))
local steps=$((total_ticks / interval))
echo -ne "${BLUE}["
for ((i=0; i<width; i++)); do echo -ne " "; done
echo -ne "] 0%${NC}\r"
for ((i=0; i<steps; i++)); do
sleep 0.$interval
local percent=$((i * 100 / steps))
local filled=$((i * width / steps))
echo -ne "${BLUE}["
for ((j=0; j<filled; j++)); do echo -ne "#"; done
for ((j=filled; j<width; j++)); do echo -ne " "; done
echo -ne "] $percent%${NC}\r"
done
echo -ne "${GREEN}["
for ((i=0; i<width; i++)); do echo -ne "#"; done
echo -ne "] 100%${NC}\n"
}
# 状态提示函数
success() { echo -e "${GREEN}[SUCCESS]${NC} $1"; }
error() { echo -e "${RED}[ERROR]${NC} $1"; }
info() { echo -e "${BLUE}[INFO]${NC} $1"; }
warning() { echo -e "${YELLOW}[WARNING]${NC} $1"; }
# 版本比较函数
version_ge() {
local v1=(${1//./ })
local v2=(${2//./ })
local len=$(( ${#v1[@]} > ${#v2[@]} ? ${#v1[@]} : ${#v2[@]} ))
for ((i=0; i<len; i++)); do
local num1=${v1[i]:-0}
local num2=${v2[i]:-0}
if (( num1 > num2 )); then return 0; fi
if (( num1 < num2 )); then return 1; fi
done
return 0
}
# 全量备份函数(添加--single-transaction参数)
full_backup() {
info "开始MySQL全量备份..."
local backup_dir="/backup/mysql/full"
local backup_file="$backup_dir/mysql_full_$(date +%Y%m%d_%H%M%S).sql.gz"
mkdir -p $backup_dir || {
error "无法创建全量备份目录 $backup_dir"
return 1
}
# 添加--single-transaction确保InnoDB数据一致性
mysqldump -uroot -p$MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD --single-transaction \
--all-databases --routines --events --triggers | gzip > $backup_file
if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then
success "MySQL全量备份成功: $backup_file"
find $backup_dir -name "mysql_full_*.sql.gz" -type f -mtime +30 -delete
return 0
else
error "MySQL全量备份失败"
return 1
fi
}
# 增量备份函数
incremental_backup() {
info "开始MySQL增量备份..."
local backup_dir="/backup/mysql/incremental"
local backup_file="$backup_dir/mysql_incr_$(date +%Y%m%d_%H%M%S).sql.gz"
mkdir -p $backup_dir || {
error "无法创建增量备份目录 $backup_dir"
return 1
}
local binlog_enabled=$(/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot -p$MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD -e "SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'log_bin';" 2>/dev/null | grep -c ON)
if [ $binlog_enabled -eq 0 ]; then
warning "未启用binlog,将启用并重启MySQL"
sed -i '/log-bin/d' /etc/my.cnf
echo "log-bin=mysql-bin" >> /etc/my.cnf
service mysql restart || { error "MySQL重启失败"; return 1; }
success "已启用binlog并重启MySQL"
full_backup
return $?
fi
local current_binlog=$(/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot -p$MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD -e "SHOW MASTER STATUS;" 2>/dev/null | grep mysql-bin | awk '{print $1}')
mysqlbinlog /data/mysql/$current_binlog | gzip > $backup_file
if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then
success "MySQL增量备份成功: $backup_file"
find $backup_dir -name "mysql_incr_*.sql.gz" -type f -mtime +7 -delete
return 0
else
error "MySQL增量备份失败"
return 1
fi
}
# 检查SELinux状态
get_selinux_status() {
if [ -f /usr/sbin/getenforce ]; then
echo $(getenforce)
else
echo "Disabled"
fi
}
# 主程序
clear
echo -e "${PURPLE}##############################################################################${NC}"
echo -e "${PURPLE}# MySQL 一键安装与备份工具 #${NC}"
echo -e "${PURPLE}##############################################################################${NC}"
echo "安装日志将同时输出到屏幕和文件: $LOG_FILE"
echo
start_time=$(date +%s)
info "MySQL安装流程启动"
# 1. 输入版本信息
echo -e "\n${CYAN}【步骤1/13】请输入要安装的MySQL版本(默认: $DEFAULT_VERSION):${NC}"
read version
version=${version:-$DEFAULT_VERSION}
info "准备安装MySQL $version"
PACKAGE_NAME="mysql-${version}-linux-glibc${GLIBC_VERSION}-x86_64.tar.xz"
info "安装包名称: $PACKAGE_NAME"
# 2. 清理旧文件
echo -e "\n${CYAN}【步骤2/13】清理旧的MySQL文件...${NC}"
find / -name mysql | xargs rm -rf || warning "清理旧文件时出现问题"
success "旧文件清理完成"
# 3. 检查并终止MySQL进程(自动处理)
echo -e "\n${CYAN}【步骤3/13】检查并处理MySQL进程...${NC}"
mysql_pids=$(ps -ef | grep mysqld | grep -v grep | awk '{print $2}')
if [ -n "$mysql_pids" ]; then
info "发现运行中的MySQL进程: $mysql_pids"
info "正在终止MySQL进程..."
# 强制终止所有MySQL进程
kill -9 $mysql_pids || {
error "终止MySQL进程失败,请手动执行: kill -9 $mysql_pids"
exit 1
}
# 确认进程已终止
sleep 2
remaining_pids=$(ps -ef | grep mysqld | grep -v grep | awk '{print $2}')
if [ -n "$remaining_pids" ]; then
error "仍有MySQL进程未终止: $remaining_pids,请手动处理"
exit 1
fi
success "所有MySQL进程已成功终止"
# 删除数据目录
info "正在删除旧数据目录: /data/mysql"
rm -rf /data/mysql || {
error "删除/data/mysql目录失败,请手动删除"
exit 1
}
success "旧数据目录已删除"
else
success "无运行中的MySQL进程"
fi
# 4. 检查系统依赖
echo -e "\n${CYAN}【步骤4/13】检查系统依赖...${NC}"
glibc_installed=$(ldd --version | grep -oE 'glibc [0-9]+\.[0-9]+' | awk '{print $2}')
if [ -n "$glibc_installed" ]; then
info "当前glibc版本: $glibc_installed,要求: $GLIBC_VERSION"
if ! version_ge "$glibc_installed" "$GLIBC_VERSION"; then
error "系统glibc版本过低(当前: $glibc_installed,需要: $GLIBC_VERSION)"
exit 1
fi
else
warning "无法检测glibc版本,跳过检查"
fi
mem_total=$(free -g | awk '/Mem:/{print $2}')
if [ -z "$mem_total" ] || [ $mem_total -lt 2 ]; then
warning "内存不足(当前: ${mem_total:-未知}GB,建议至少2GB)"
fi
success "系统依赖检查通过"
# 5. 检查SELinux状态
echo -e "\n${CYAN}【步骤5/13】检查SELinux设置...${NC}"
selinux_status=$(get_selinux_status)
info "当前SELinux状态: $selinux_status"
if [ "$selinux_status" = "Enforcing" ]; then
warning "SELinux处于强制模式,可能导致权限问题"
setenforce 0 || warning "关闭SELinux失败,请手动处理"
fi
success "SELinux检查完成"
# 6. 准备目录和用户
echo -e "\n${CYAN}【步骤6/13】准备目录和用户...${NC}"
current_dir=$(pwd)
target_dir="/opt"
if [ ! -d "$target_dir" ]; then
error "目录 $target_dir 不存在,请检查系统"
exit 1
fi
success "确认 $target_dir 目录存在"
mv $current_dir/* $target_dir || warning "部分文件移动失败(可能已存在)"
success "文件移动完成"
# 重新创建数据目录(确保干净的环境)
mkdir -p /data/mysql
groupadd mysql || warning "mysql组已存在"
useradd -r -g mysql mysql || warning "mysql用户已存在"
chown -R mysql:mysql /data/mysql
chmod 700 /data/mysql
if [ "$selinux_status" != "Disabled" ] && command -v chcon &> /dev/null; then
chcon -R -t mysqld_db_t /data/mysql 2>/dev/null || warning "SELinux上下文设置失败(可忽略)"
else
info "SELinux未启用,跳过上下文设置"
fi
success "数据目录和用户准备完成"
# 7. 解压安装包
echo -e "\n${CYAN}【步骤7/13】解压安装包...${NC}"
cd /opt
if [ ! -f "$PACKAGE_NAME" ]; then
error "安装包 $PACKAGE_NAME 不存在于/opt目录"
exit 1
fi
info "正在解压 $PACKAGE_NAME(过程省略)"
tar -xJpf $PACKAGE_NAME >> $LOG_FILE 2>&1 || { error "解压失败"; exit 1; }
success "安装包解压完成"
# 8. 移动安装目录
echo -e "\n${CYAN}【步骤8/13】移动安装目录...${NC}"
mv mysql-$version-linux-glibc${GLIBC_VERSION}-x86_64/ /usr/local/mysql || { error "移动目录失败"; exit 1; }
chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql/
success "安装目录移动完成"
# 9. 卸载冲突组件
echo -e "\n${CYAN}【步骤9/13】卸载冲突组件...${NC}"
yum remove mariadb* -y >/dev/null 2>&1 || warning "卸载冲突组件时出错"
success "冲突组件处理完成"
# 10. 配置my.cnf
echo -e "\n${CYAN}【步骤10/13】配置参数文件...${NC}"
cat <<EOF >/etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
user=mysql
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
datadir=/data/mysql
socket=/tmp/mysql.sock
log-error=/data/mysql/mysql.err
pid-file=/data/mysql/mysql.pid
server_id=1
port=3306
sort_buffer_size = 4M
join_buffer_size = 4M
read_buffer_size = 8M
read_rnd_buffer_size = 4M
tmp_table_size = 32M
max_heap_table_size = 32M
sync_binlog = 1
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1
innodb_flush_method=O_DIRECT
character-set-server=utf8mb4
innodb_file_per_table=on
max_connections=10000
binlog_format=row
log-bin=mysql-bin
gtid-mode=on
enforce-gtid-consistency=on
[mysql]
socket=/tmp/mysql.sock
prompt="\u@\h:\d>"
[client]
EOF
success "my.cnf配置完成"
# 11. 初始化数据库
echo -e "\n${CYAN}【步骤11/13】初始化数据库...${NC}"
echo -e "${YELLOW}初始化可能需要几分钟,请耐心等待...${NC}"
cd /usr/local/mysql/bin
if [ ! -f "./mysqld" ]; then
error "未找到mysqld二进制文件,解压可能不完整"
exit 1
fi
./mysqld --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --basedir=/usr/local/mysql/ --datadir=/data/mysql/ --user=mysql --initialize
if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then
success "数据库初始化完成"
else
error "数据库初始化失败!详细错误信息:"
echo "----------------------------------------"
cat /data/mysql/mysql.err | grep -i error
echo "----------------------------------------"
error "请根据以上错误信息排查问题后重试"
exit 1
fi
# 12. 配置服务与环境变量
echo -e "\n${CYAN}【步骤12/13】配置服务与环境变量...${NC}"
cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql
chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysql
export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin:/usr/local/mysql/lib
echo 'export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin:/usr/local/mysql/lib' >> /etc/profile
source /etc/profile || warning "刷新环境变量失败,已手动添加"
if ! command -v mysql &> /dev/null; then
error "mysql命令仍不可用,请检查安装目录:/usr/local/mysql/bin"
exit 1
fi
success "服务与环境变量配置完成"
# 13. 启动服务
echo -e "\n${CYAN}【步骤13/13】启动服务...${NC}"
echo -e "${YELLOW}启动服务中...${NC}"
progress_bar 10
service mysql start || {
warning "首次启动失败,尝试第二次启动..."
sleep 3
service mysql start || {
error "服务启动失败!查看详细日志:/data/mysql/mysql.err"
exit 1
}
}
success "MySQL服务启动成功"
# 后续配置 - 处理密码过期
echo -e "\n${CYAN}【额外配置】设置root用户认证方式...${NC}"
MYSQL_OLDPASSWORD=$(awk '/A temporary password/{print $NF}' /data/mysql/mysql.err)
if [ -z "$MYSQL_OLDPASSWORD" ]; then
error "无法获取临时密码,请查看日志:/data/mysql/mysql.err"
exit 1
fi
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql --connect-expired-password -uroot -p"$MYSQL_OLDPASSWORD" -e "ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '$MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD'; flush privileges;" || {
error "修改密码失败,请手动执行:"
echo "/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql --connect-expired-password -uroot -p'$MYSQL_OLDPASSWORD'"
echo "ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '$MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD'; flush privileges;"
exit 1
}
# 允许远程访问
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql --connect-expired-password -uroot -p"$MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD" -e "update mysql.user set host ='%' where user ='root'; flush privileges;"
success "密码和远程访问配置完成"
# 配置开机启动
chkconfig --add mysql
chkconfig mysql on || warning "开机启动配置可能失败"
# 安装完成
end_time=$(date +%s)
execution_time=$((end_time - start_time))
echo -e "\n${GREEN}##############################################################################${NC}"
echo -e "${GREEN}# MySQL 安装成功! #${NC}"
echo -e "${GREEN}# 版本: $version #${NC}"
echo -e "${GREEN}# 安装路径: /usr/local/mysql #${NC}"
echo -e "${GREEN}# 数据路径: /data/mysql #${NC}"
echo -e "${GREEN}# 初始密码: $MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD #${NC}"
echo -e "${GREEN}# 安装耗时: ${execution_time} 秒 #${NC}"
echo -e "${GREEN}# 日志文件: $LOG_FILE #${NC}"
echo -e "${GREEN}##############################################################################${NC}\n"
# 初始全量备份
full_backup
echo -e "${CYAN}备份命令:${NC}"
echo -e "${YELLOW} 全量备份: $0 full_backup${NC}"
echo -e "${YELLOW} 增量备份: $0 incremental_backup${NC}"
if [ "$1" = "full_backup" ]; then
full_backup
elif [ "$1" = "incremental_backup" ]; then
incremental_backup
fi