小程序项目思路分享爬虫

小程序项目思路分享爬虫

具体需求：

 有这几个就行，门店名称+门店地址+门店类型，再加上省、市、县/区

门店名称：storeName

门店地址：storeAddress

程序运行：

honor_spider获取经纬度信息。

经纬度------>详细店铺接口

这是荣耀店铺接口数据，请求参数带有省/市的经纬度信息。返回响应数据是省、市下的行政区划荣耀店铺信息

https://retail.hihonor.com/isrp/sms/online/store-info/getTargetStore/hi-honor

curl

curl -H 'Host: retail.hihonor.com' -H 'appsource: wxapp' -H 'x-from: wxapp' -H 'charset: utf-8' -H 'x-appname: wxapp' -H 'user-agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; Android 13; Mi 10 Build/TKQ1.221114.001; wv) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/4.0 Chrome/116.0.0.0 Mobile Safari/537.36 XWEB/1160117 MMWEBSDK/20240301 MMWEBID/291 MicroMessenger/8.0.48.2580(0x2800303D) WeChat/arm64 Weixin NetType/WIFI Language/zh_CN ABI/arm64 MiniProgramEnv/android' -H 'x-user-token: ' -H 'content-type: application/json' -H 'x-access-token: ' -H 'referer: https://servicewechat.com/wxde6bc80b07638016/409/page-frame.html' --data-binary '{"coordinateType":"2","longitude":116.31188232421874,"latitude":40.03590304904514,"isGetTargetStore":true,"operatingStatus":1,"isCheckSpu":true,"range":50000,"enableWechatApplet":1}' --compressed 'https://retail.hihonor.com/isrp/sms/online/store-info/getTargetStore/hi-honor'

接口特点：

接口只返回省市下的店铺信息，而不返回区级及以下的店铺信息。所以要提取行政区划信息，要对店铺地址写正则表达式提取。

代码：

import requests
import json

headers = {
    "Host": "retail.hihonor.com",
    "appsource": "wxapp",
    "x-from": "wxapp",
    "charset": "utf-8",
    "x-appname": "wxapp",
    "user-agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; Android 13; Mi 10 Build/TKQ1.221114.001; wv) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/4.0 Chrome/116.0.0.0 Mobile Safari/537.36 XWEB/1160117 MMWEBSDK/20240301 MMWEBID/291 MicroMessenger/8.0.48.2580(0x2800303D) WeChat/arm64 Weixin NetType/WIFI Language/zh_CN ABI/arm64 MiniProgramEnv/android",
  
}
url = "https://retail.hihonor.com/isrp/sms/online/store-info/getTargetStore/hi-honor"
data = {
    "coordinateType": "2",
    "longitude": 114.571090,
    "latitude": 38.146190,
}
data = json.dumps(data, separators=(',', ':'))
response = requests.post(url, headers=headers, data=data)

# 解析响应数据
response_data = response.json()  # 使用.json()方法直接解析JSON响应数据

# 提取storeName和storeAddress字段
if response_data['status'] == 'success' and 'result' in response_data:
    for store in response_data['result']:
        store_name = store.get('storeName')  # 使用get方法避免KeyError
        store_address = store.get('storeAddress')  # 使用get方法避免KeyError
        print('店铺名称:', store_name)
        print('店铺地址:', store_address)
else:
    print('请求失败或响应数据格式不正确')

结果

创建scrapy：scrapy startproject miniprogram

创建爬虫：scrapy genspider honor

省市------>经纬度接口

url = 'https://apis.map.qq.com/jsapi?qt=geoc&addr={}&output=jsonp&pf=jsapi&ref=jsapi&cb=qq.maps._svcb3.geocoder0'.format(name)

请求参数是省市名称，返回的数据是经纬度信息，这里我调用的是开源的腾讯地图api接口。

爬取直辖市
        province_data = {'北京市': 'CN-11', '天津市': 'CN-12', '河北省': 'CN-13', '山西省': 'CN-14',
                         '内蒙古自治区': 'CN-15', '辽宁省': 'CN-21', '吉林省': 'CN-22', '黑龙江省': 'CN-23',
                         '上海市': 'CN-31', '江苏省': 'CN-32', '浙江省': 'CN-33', '安徽省': 'CN-34', '福建省': 'CN-35',
                         '江西省': 'CN-36', '山东省': 'CN-37', '河南省': 'CN-41', '湖北省': 'CN-42', '湖南省': 'CN-43',
                         '广东省': 'CN-44', '广西壮族自治区': 'CN-45', '海南省': 'CN-46', '重庆市': 'CN-50',
                         '四川省': 'CN-51', '贵州省': 'CN-52', '云南省': 'CN-53', '西藏自治区': 'CN-54',
                         '陕西省': 'CN-61', '甘肃省': 'CN-62', '青海省': 'CN-63', '宁夏回族自治区': 'CN-64',
                         '新疆维吾尔自治区': 'CN-65'}

请求测试逻辑

# import requests
# import json
# import re
#
# # 假设您已经定义了get_proxies方法，如果没有，您可以将proxies参数从下面的请求中移除
# def get_proxies():
#     # 返回代理服务器的配置，例如：
#     
#     # 如果您不使用代理，可以返回None或者直接在请求中移除proxies参数
#     return None
#
# # 坐标
# def zb(name):  # name是区名
#     print('爬取坐标')
#     url = 'https://apis.map.qq.com/jsapi?qt=geoc&addr={}&output=jsonp&pf=jsapi&ref=jsapi&cb=qq.maps._svcb3.geocoder0'.format(name)
#     headers = {
#         "user-agent": '
#     }
#     try:
#         response = requests.get(url=url, headers=headers, proxies=get_proxies(), timeout=7)
#         html = response.text
#         if html[-1] != ';':
#             html = html + ';'
#
#         html = html.replace('\n', '').replace('\t', '').replace('\r', '')
#         html = re.findall('\({(.*?)\);', html)[0]
#         html = json.loads('{' + html)
#         return html
#     except Exception as e:
#         print('获取坐标错误', name, '重试！')
#         print(e)
#         return zb(name)
#
# # 测试代码
# if __name__ == "__main__":
#     test_name = "北京市"  # 测试用的区名，可以更换为其他区名。用provinceName
#     result = zb(test_name)
#     print(json.dumps(result, indent=4, ensure_ascii=False))  

import requests
import json
import re
from connRedis import OPRedis

# 假设您已经定义了get_proxies方法，如果没有，您可以将proxies参数从下面的请求中移除
# def get_proxies():
#如需调用，自行配置，这里我删除了。
#        proxies = {
        "http": "http://%(user)s:%(pwd)s@%(proxy)s/" % {"user": tid, "pwd": password, "proxy": proxy_ip},
        "https": "http://%(user)s:%(pwd)s@%(proxy)s/" % {"user": tid, "pwd": password, "proxy": proxy_ip}
    }

    return proxies

# 坐标
def zb(name):  # name是区名
    print('爬取坐标')
    url = 'https://apis.map.qq.com/jsapi?qt=geoc&addr={}&output=jsonp&pf=jsapi&ref=jsapi&cb=qq.maps._svcb3.geocoder0'.format(name)
    headers = {
        "user-agent": 
    }
    try:
        response = requests.get(url=url, headers=headers, proxies=get_proxies(), timeout=7)
        html = response.text
        if html[-1] != ';':
            html = html + ';'

        html = html.replace('\n', '').replace('\t', '').replace('\r', '')
        jsonp_str = re.findall('\((.*?)\);', html)[0]  # 提取JSONP响应中的JSON部分
        json_data = json.loads(jsonp_str)  # 将JSON字符串转换为字典
        pointx = json_data['detail']['pointx']
        pointy = json_data['detail']['pointy']
        return {'pointx': pointx, 'pointy': pointy}  # 返回经纬度的值
    except Exception as e:
        print('获取坐标错误', name, '重试！')
        print(e)
        return zb(name)

# 测试代码
if __name__ == "__main__":
    test_name = "正定县"  # 测试用的区名，可以更换为其他区名
    coordinates = zb(test_name)
    print('经度:', coordinates['pointx'])
    print('纬度:', coordinates['pointy'])

返回数据

import requests
import json


headers = {
    "Host": "retail.hihonor.com",
    "appsource": "wxapp",
    "x-from": "wxapp",
    "charset": "utf-8",
    "x-appname": "wxapp",
    "user-agent": 
    "x-user-token": "",
    "content-type": "application/json",
    "x-access-token": "",
    "referer": "https://servicewechat.com/wxde6bc80b07638016/409/page-frame.html"
}
url = "https://retail.hihonor.com/isrp/sms/online/store-info/getTargetStore/hi-honor"
data = {
    "coordinateType": "2",
    "longitude": 116.231280,
    "latitude": 40.220770,
    "isGetTargetStore": True,
    "operatingStatus": 1,
    "isCheckSpu": True,
    "range": 50000,
    "enableWechatApplet": 1
}
data = json.dumps(data, separators=(',', ':'))
response = requests.post(url, headers=headers, data=data)

print(response.text)
print(response)

帮我提取出这段代码中的

问题

1.获取某些省，位置坐标报错

只能获取市级单位的经纬坐标

可见从头开始做测试的重要性，切忌想当然！！

2.代理不稳定，要重复请求

石家庄市

省------>市接口

"https://ccpce-cn.consumer.huawei.com/ccpcmd/services/dispatch/secured/CCPC/EN/ccpc/queryRegionList/1000"

这个接口比较特殊，是在华为消费者官网上找到的接口，通过这个接口。可以直接将省下面的市名列表获取到。这样就不用单独建数据库表了，直接调用就好了。这里注明来源，防止之后失效。

代码

# 获取下一级,省->市->区/县->
def get_next_level(code, level):#返回的是市级的数据,不要区县
    headers = {
        "Accept": "*/*",
        "Accept-Language": "zh-CN,zh;q=0.9,en-US;q=0.8,en;q=0.7",
        "Connection": "keep-alive",
        "Referer": "https://consumer.huawei.com/",
        "Sec-Fetch-Dest": "script",
        "Sec-Fetch-Mode": "no-cors",
        "Sec-Fetch-Site": "same-site",
        "User-Agent": 
        "sec-ch-ua": "^\\^Not",
        "sec-ch-ua-mobile": "?0",
        "sec-ch-ua-platform": "^\\^Windows^^"
    }

    cookies = {
    }
    url = "https://ccpce-cn.consumer.huawei.com/ccpcmd/services/dispatch/secured/CCPC/EN/ccpc/queryRegionList/1000"
    params = {
        "jsonp": "jQuery36205836021093286132_{}".format(int(time.time() * 1000)),  # 使用当前时间戳,
        "countryCode": "CN",
        "lang": "zh-cn",
        "parent_alpha_2_code": code,
        "scopeGrade": level,
        "curpage": "1",
        "pagesize": "1000",
        "_": int(time.time() * 1000)
    }

    # 初始化重试次数
    max_retries = 3
    attempts = 0

    while attempts < max_retries:
        try:
            response = requests.get(url=url, headers=headers, cookies=cookies, params=params, proxies=get_proxies(), timeout=7)
            html = response.text
            # print(html)
            # 确保返回的JavaScript响应以分号结尾
            if html[-1] != ';':
                html = html + ';'
            # 使用正则表达式提取JSONP响应中的JSON数据
            html = re.findall('\({(.*?)\);', html)[0]
            # 将提取的JSON字符串转换为Python字典
            html = json.loads('{' + html)
            # 初始化一个空列表，用于存储解析后的数据
            datas = []
            # 遍历响应数据中的list部分，将每一项数据添加到datas列表中
            for data in html['responseData']['list']:
                datas.append(data)
                # print('打印响应数据')
                # print('----------------------------------------')
                # print(datas)
            # 返回解析后的数据列表
            return datas
        except Exception as e:
            print('获取下一级错误', code, '返回空数组！')
            print('异常类型:', type(e).__name__)
            print('异常信息:', e)

            # 如果尝试次数达到最大重试次数，则返回空数组
            if attempts == max_retries:
                print('已达到最大尝试次数，返回空数组！')
                return []
            # 短暂休眠后再次尝试
            time.sleep(2)


# if __name__ == '__main__':
#         data = get_next_level("CN-36","city")#逻辑是如果是省调用这个接口
# 主函数
if __name__ == '__main__':
    # 遍历province_data中的每个省份
    for province_name, province_code in province_data.items():
        # 如果省份名称以"市"结尾，跳过直辖市，因为直辖市不需要获取下级市
        if province_name.endswith('市'):
            continue
        # 获取省份下的市级数据
        city_data = get_next_level(province_code, "city")
        # 市数量计数
        city_count = len(city_data)
        # # 初始化市名列表
        # city_names = [city['regionName'] for city in city_data]
        # city_names = [item['multi_lang_name'] for item in city_data['responseData']['list']]

        city_names = [item['multi_lang_name'] for item in city_data]# 打印省份名称，市的个数和市名列表
        print(f'省份名称: {province_name}')
        print(f'市的个数: {city_count}')
        print(f'包含的市名列表: {city_names}')
        print('----------------------------------------')

结果

代码优化：

写成了面向对象，有需要的可以后台call我。

之后如果客户有其他小程序的需求，还需要用scrapy框架进行分布式爬取数据

封装成scrapy框架

scrapy genspider honor consumer.huawei.com

实例：Scrapy框架请求逻辑

import scrapy
import json
import re
import time
from connRedis import OPRedis

class RegionSpider(scrapy.Spider):
    name = 'region_spider'
    allowed_domains = ['consumer.huawei.com']
    province_data = {
        # ... 省略其他省份数据 ...
        '江西省': 'CN-36',
        # ... 省略其他省份数据 ...
    }

    def start_requests(self):
        for province_name, province_code in self.province_data.items():
            if province_name.endswith('市'):
                continue
            yield scrapy.Request(
                url=self.get_url(province_code, "city"),
                callback=self.parse_city,
                meta={'province_name': province_name, 'province_code': province_code},
                cookies=self.get_cookies(),
                headers=self.get_headers()
            )

    def parse_city(self, response):
        province_name = response.meta['province_name']
        province_code = response.meta['province_code']
        try:
            jsonp_string = response.text
            json_string = re.findall(r'\((.*?)\);', jsonp_string)[0]
            data = json.loads(json_string)
            city_data = data['responseData']['list']
            city_count = len(city_data)
            city_names = [item['multi_lang_name'] for item in city_data]
            print(f'省份名称: {province_name}')
            print(f'市的个数: {city_count}')
            print(f'包含的市名列表: {city_names}')
        except Exception as e:
            self.logger.error(f'解析错误: {e}, 省份代码: {province_code}')

    def get_url(self, code, level):
        timestamp = int(time.time() * 1000)
        return f"https://ccpce-cn.consumer.huawei.com/ccpcmd/services/dispatch/secured/CCPC/EN/ccpc/queryRegionList/1000?jsonp=jQuery36205836021093286132_{timestamp}&countryCode=CN&lang=zh-cn&parent_alpha_2_code={code}&scopeGrade={level}&curpage=1&pagesize=1000&_={timestamp}"

    def get_cookies(self):
        return {
            # ... 省略其他cookies ...
            "JSESSIONID": "F78B38998A33F9B74DE0077819BF987E603F6C1FC1AC1005",
            # ... 省略其他cookies ...
        }

    def get_headers(self):
        return {
          
            "Accept": "*/*",
            "User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/121.0.0.0 Safari/537.36",
  
        }

代码用法

Scrapy爬虫类中，start_requests方法生成初始请求，parse_city方法解析响应并打印结果。get_url、get_cookies、get_headers和get_proxies方法用于构建请求的URL、Cookies、Headers和代理。

在这里connRedis的模块和OPRedis的类是代理中间件。