Docker 入门篇（七）-- Docker 安装 nginx

引言

1. Docker 系列文章

• Docker 入门篇（一）-- 简介与安装教程（Windows和Linux）

2. Docker官方镜像 https://hub.docker.com/

一、安装 nginx

1.安装环境

• Linux 环境：centos 7
• docker 版本：26.1.0
• nginx版本：latest

2. 离线镜像准备

（1）外网环境 拉取 nginx镜像

#安装最新版本
docker pull nginx:latest

（2）导出镜像压缩文件

docker save nginx:latest -o D:\developsoft\docker\DockerDesktopWSL\data\images\nginx.tar

3. 上传 镜像压缩文件到 服务器

本文将 nginx.tar 放在 /root 目录下

4. 离线镜像文件导入

#导入镜像
docker load -i /root/nginx.tar
#查询镜像
docker images

5.创建并运行容器 nginx-container

docker run --name nginx-container -d -p 80:80 nginx

参数说明：

docker run #运行 Docker 容器的命令。

--name nginx-container #为容器指定名称为 nginx-container。

-d #参数表示以"后台模式"运行容器。

-p 80:80#用于将容器的端口映射到宿主机，使得可以通过宿主机的80 端口访问

6. 复制容器的的配置文件到宿主机器 (配置文件映射)

1. 创建nginx中数据存放文件夹

mkdir -p /home/docker_data/nginx # -p 参数 自动创建不存在的目录

2. 复制容器的的配置文件到宿主机

docker cp nginx-container:/etc/nginx /home/docker_data/nginx/conf
docker cp nginx-container:/usr/share/nginx/html /home/docker_data/nginx/html
docker cp nginx-container:/var/log/nginx /home/docker_data/nginx/logs

7.修改配置文件 nginx.conf

注意修改 静态资源路径为 /usr/share/nginx/html

location / {
            root   /usr/share/nginx/html;
            index  index.html index.htm;
        }
location = /50x.html {
            root   /usr/share/nginx/html;
        }        

完整 nginx 默认配置如下：

#user  nobody;
worker_processes  1;

#error_log  logs/error.log;
#error_log  logs/error.log  notice;
#error_log  logs/error.log  info;

#pid        logs/nginx.pid;


events {
    worker_connections  1024;
}


http {
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;

    #log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
    #                  '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
    #                  '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

    #access_log  logs/access.log  main;

    sendfile        on;
    #tcp_nopush     on;

    #keepalive_timeout  0;
    keepalive_timeout  65;

    #gzip  on;

    server {
        listen       80;
        server_name  localhost;

        #charset koi8-r;

        #access_log  logs/host.access.log  main;

        location / {
            root   /usr/share/nginx/html;
            index  index.html index.htm;
        }

        #error_page  404              /404.html;

        # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
        #
        error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
            root   /usr/share/nginx/html;
        }

        # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
        #
        #location ~ \.php$ {
        #    proxy_pass   http://127.0.0.1;
        #}

        # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
        #
        #location ~ \.php$ {
        #    root           html;
        #    fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
        #    fastcgi_index  index.php;
        #    fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
        #    include        fastcgi_params;
        #}

        # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
        # concurs with nginx's one
        #
        #location ~ /\.ht {
        #    deny  all;
        #}
    }


    # another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration
    #
    #server {
    #    listen       8000;
    #    listen       somename:8080;
    #    server_name  somename  alias  another.alias;

    #    location / {
    #        root   html;
    #        index  index.html index.htm;
    #    }
    #}


    # HTTPS server
    #
    #server {
    #    listen       443 ssl;
    #    server_name  localhost;

    #    ssl_certificate      cert.pem;
    #    ssl_certificate_key  cert.key;

    #    ssl_session_cache    shared:SSL:1m;
    #    ssl_session_timeout  5m;

    #    ssl_ciphers  HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
    #    ssl_prefer_server_ciphers  on;

    #    location / {
    #        root   html;
    #        index  index.html index.htm;
    #    }
    #}

}

8. 查看测试页面

在 /home/docker_data/nginx/html 查看是否存在 index.html 和 50x.html 文件，如果不存在，则添加测试页面

index.html 内容如下

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Welcome to nginx!</title>
<style>
    body {
        width: 35em;
        margin: 0 auto;
        font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif;
    }
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Welcome to nginx!</h1>
<p>If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and
working. Further configuration is required.</p>

<p>For online documentation and support please refer to
<a href="http://nginx.org/">nginx.org</a>.<br/>
Commercial support is available at
<a href="http://nginx.com/">nginx.com</a>.</p>

<p><em>Thank you for using nginx.</em></p>
</body>
</html>

50x.html 内容如下

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Error</title>
<style>
    body {
        width: 35em;
        margin: 0 auto;
        font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif;
    }
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>An error occurred.</h1>
<p>Sorry, the page you are looking for is currently unavailable.<br/>
Please try again later.</p>
<p>If you are the system administrator of this resource then you should check
the <a href="http://nginx.org/r/error_log">error log</a> for details.</p>
<p><em>Faithfully yours, nginx.</em></p>
</body>
</html>

9.删除nginx容器，并通过复制出的配置文件重新启动

# 停止 docker 容器
docker stop nginx
# 删除 docker 容器
docker rm -f nginx

以复制出的配置文件重新启动

docker run --restart=always --name=nginx-container -p 80:80\
 -v /home/docker_data/nginx/conf:/etc/nginx \
 -v /home/docker_data/nginx/html:/usr/share/nginx/html \
 -v /home/docker_data/nginx/logs:/var/log/nginx \
 -d nginx

查看 容器 运行状态

docker ps 

10. 进入容器查看配置命令

1. 使用 docker exec 命令加上 -it 选项（-i 代表交互模式，-t 分配一个伪终端）以及你想要执行的命令（在这种情况下是 bash）来进入容器。

docker exec -it nginx-container bash

2. 如果你的容器没有名称，但你知道它的ID（比如 abcd12345678），你也可以使用ID来代替名称：

docker exec -it abcd12345678 bash

11.访问测试

浏览器访问地址：http://127.0.0.1:80