MySQL--备份恢复

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
| world              |
| yizuo              |
+--------------------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> use yizuo
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A

Database changed
mysql> show tables;
+-----------------+
| Tables_in_yizuo |
+-----------------+
| city            |
+-----------------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)

mysql> select * from city;
+----+--------+----------+------------+--------------+
| id | name   | province | population | district     |
+----+--------+----------+------------+--------------+
|  2 | 盘锦   | 辽宁     | 109万      | 兴隆台区     |
|  4 | 盘锦   | 辽宁     | 109万      | 兴隆台区     |
+----+--------+----------+------------+--------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql>

2.全备

mysqldump -uroot -A --master-data=2 --single-transaction -R -E --triggers --max-allowed-packet=128M**|gzip** > /opt/full_$`date +%F`.sql**.gz**

3.全备后产生了新的数据变化

复制代码

mysql> use yizuo
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A

Database changed
mysql> CREATE TABLE `city_bak` (
    ->   `id` int NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT '编号',
    ->   `name` varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '城市名',
    ->   `province` varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL,
    ->   `population` varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '人口',
    ->   `district` varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '街区',
    ->   PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
    ->   KEY `idx_name` (`name`),
    ->   KEY `idx_nn` (`name`(5)) /*!80000 INVISIBLE */
    -> ) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=4 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)

mysql> show tables;
+-----------------+
| Tables_in_yizuo |
+-----------------+
| city            |
| city_bak        |
+-----------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> insert into city_bak(id,name,province,population,district) values(2,'盘锦','辽宁','109万','兴隆台区');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)

4.搞破坏，删库

drop database yizuo;

5.恢复数据

1）全备文件解压缩：gunzip full_\$2024-05-25.sql.gz

2）检查全备文件：

3）截取binlog日志

mysqlbinlog --skip-gtids --include-gtids='518de310-1806-11ef-b5d7-000c2912a662:18-19' binlog.000010 >/opt/bin18-19.sql

4）恢复全备数据和二进制日志数据

set sql_log_bin=0;

source /opt/full_$2024-05-25.sql;

source /opt/bin18-19.sql

set sql_log_bin=1;

四、物理备份工具--Percona-Xtrabackup

1.使用场景

100G-TB级别数据量，一般采用xbk

优点：备份、恢复速度更快

缺点：二进制文件方式，不便于查看，可读性差，压缩比低，浪费空间

2.下载安装

1）安装依赖包

复制代码

wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-7.repo
yum -y install perl perl-devel libaio libaio-devel perl-Time-HiRes perl-DBD-MySQL libev

2）下载软件并安装

复制代码

wget https://www.percona.com/downloads/XtraBackup/Percona-XtraBackup-2.4.12/binary/redhat/7/x86_64/percona-xtrabackup-24-2.4.12-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

https://www.percona.com/downloads/XtraBackup/Percona-XtraBackup-2.4.4/binary/redhat/6/x86_64/percona-xtrabackup-24-2.4.4-1.el6.x86_64.rpm

yum -y install percona-xtrabackup-24-2.4.4-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

注：安装错版本了，参考官网文件，不同的mysql版本对应不同的xtrabackup版本：

卸载旧版本：rpm安装方式的卸载