centos7下安装MySQL，Oracle数据库

☁️宝剑锋从磨砺出，梅花香自苦寒来

操作系统版本为CentOS 7
使⽤ MySQL Yum仓库在 Linux 上安装 MySQL

确认当前的系统版本

• 登录系统并切换⾄ root 账号，否则执⾏命令时需要⽤sudo命令，并按提⽰输⼊密码
在终端中运⾏以下命令，查看系统版本。如下所⽰，当前系统版本为 CentOS Linux release
7.9.2009

复制代码

1 [root@mini-001 ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release
2 CentOS Linux release 7.9.2009 (Core)

添加 MySQL Yum 源

访问MySQL开发者专区

https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/repo/yum

根据当前系统选择对应的发布包

TIPS:

发布包命名规则：
{mysql80}-community-release- {platform} - {version-number} .noarch.rpm
{mysql80}：MySQL版本号
{platform}：平台(系统)号，⽤来描述系统的版本
{version-number}： MySQL仓库配置RPM包的版本号
如下所⽰：
mysql80-community-release-el7-10.noarch.rpm
mysql80: MySQL版本号，默认是MySQL8.0版本
el7 : 其中el 是 Enterprise Linux的编写，7表⽰ Linux⼤版本号，⽐如el6 表⽰ Linux6, el7表⽰
Linux7, e8表⽰Linux8, el9表⽰Linux9, 'fc' 则表⽰ Fedora
el7-10：表⽰MySQL仓库配置RPM包的第10次更新
选择⽅式：
针对当前演⽰系统版本Linux7，以及我们要安装的MySQL数据库版本8.0，选择对应RPM包的最近⼀
次更新，所以下载mysql80-community-release-el7-10.noarch.rpm即可
其他版本
如果默认下载⻚⾯没有你所需要的RPM包，可以通过 http://repo.mysql.com/ 查找

下载后上传到Linux服务器

TIPS: 安装 rz 插件以⽀持拖拽上传

root@mini-001 \~\]# yum -y install lrzsz • 上传完成后查看是否成功 [root@centos-001 ~]# ll -rwxrw-rw-. 1 root root 11472 Aug 25 01:12 mysql80-community-release-el7- 10.noarch.rpm ## 安装发布包 • 在终端执⾏： yum -y install mysql80-community-release-el7-10.noarch.rpm [root@centos-001 ~]# yum -y install mysql80-community-release-el7-10.noarch.rpm Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks Examining mysql80-community-release-el7-10.noarch.rpm: mysql80-community release-el7-10.noarch Marking mysql80-community-release-el7-10.noarch.rpm to be installed Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package mysql80-community-release.noarch 0:el7-10 will be installed --> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved =============================================================================== =============================================================================== =============================== Package Arch Version Repository Size =============================================================================== =============================================================================== =============================== Installing: mysql80-community-release noarch el7-10 /mysql80-community-release-el7-10.noarch 12 k Transaction Summary =============================================================================== =============================================================================== =============================== Install 1 Package Total size: 12 k Installed size: 12 k Downloading packages: Running transaction check Running transaction test Transaction test succeeded Running transaction Installing : mysql80-community-release-el7-10.noarch 1/1 Verifying : mysql80-community-release-el7-10.noarch 1/1 Installed: mysql80-community-release.noarch 0:el7-10 Complete! • 通过以下命令检查是否已成功添加 MySQL Yum 源 在终端执⾏： yum repolist enabled \| grep mysql.\*-community [root@centos-001 ~]# yum repolist enabled | grep mysql.*-community mysql-connectors-community/x86_64 MySQL Connectors Community 227 mysql-tools-community/x86_64 MySQL Tools Community 100 mysql80-community/x86_64 MySQL 8.0 Community Server 426 # 说明已安装 1 2 3 4 选择发布系列 • 在终端执⾏ yum repolist all \| grep mysql • mysql80-community/x86_64、mysql-connectors-community/x86_64、mysql-tools community/x86_64 为启⽤状态 [root@centos-001 ~]# yum repolist all | grep mysql mysql-cluster-7.5-community/x86_64 MySQL Cluste disabled mysql-cluster-7.5-community-source MySQL Cluste disabled mysql-cluster-7.6-community/x86_64 MySQL Cluste disabled mysql-cluster-7.6-community-source MySQL Cluste disabled mysql-cluster-8.0-community/x86_64 MySQL Cluste disabled mysql-cluster-8.0-community-debuginfo/x86_64 MySQL Cluste disabled mysql-cluster-8.0-community-source MySQL Cluste disabled mysql-cluster-innovation-community/x86_64 MySQL Cluste disabled mysql-cluster-innovation-community-debuginfo/x86_64 MySQL Cluste disabled mysql-cluster-innovation-community-source MySQL Cluste disabled mysql-connectors-community/x86_64 MySQL Connec enabled: 227 #启⽤ mysql-connectors-community-debuginfo/x86_64 MySQL Connec disabled mysql-connectors-community-source MySQL Connec disabled mysql-innovation-community/x86_64 MySQL Innova disabled mysql-innovation-community-debuginfo/x86_64 MySQL Innova disabled mysql-innovation-community-source MySQL Innova disabled mysql-tools-community/x86_64 MySQL Tools enabled: 100 #启⽤ mysql-tools-community-debuginfo/x86_64 MySQL Tools disabled mysql-tools-community-source MySQL Tools disabled mysql-tools-innovation-community/x86_64 MySQL Tools disabled mysql-tools-innovation-community-debuginfo/x86_64 MySQL Tools disabled mysql-tools-innovation-community-source MySQL Tools disabled mysql-tools-preview/x86_64 MySQL Tools disabled mysql-tools-preview-source MySQL Tools disabled mysql57-community/x86_64 MySQL 5.7 Co disabled mysql57-community-source MySQL 5.7 Co disabled mysql80-community/x86_64 MySQL 8.0 Co enabled: 426 #启⽤ mysql80-community-debuginfo/x86_64 MySQL 8.0 Co disabled mysql80-community-source MySQL 8.0 Co disabled ## 安装 MySQL • 在终端执⾏： yum install mysql-community-server 安装过程提⽰是否继续，选y即可 将安装 MySQL 服务器包 ( mysql-community-server ) 以及运⾏服务器所需的组件，包括: 客⼾端包 ( mysql-community-client ) 客⼾端和服务器常⻅错误消息和字符集 ( mysql-community-common ) 共享客⼾端库 ( mysql-community-libs ) . [root@centos-001 ~]# yum install mysql-community-server # ....省略 6/6 Installed: # 服务器程序 mysql-community-server.x86_64 0:8.0.34-1.el7 Dependency Installed: # 相关依赖 mysql-community-client.x86_64 0:8.0.34-1.el7 mysql-community-client-plugins.x86_64 0:8.0.34-1.el7 mysql-community-common.x86_64 0:8.0.34-1.el7 mysql-community-icu-data-files.x86_64 0:8.0.34-1.el7 mysql-community-libs.x86_64 0:8.0.34-1.el7 Complete! ## 启动 MySQL 服务器 • 在终端执⾏： systemctl start mysqld 1 \[root@centos-001 \~\]# systemctl start mysqld ## 查看MySQL 服务状态 • 在终端执⾏： systemctl status mysqld [root@centos-001 ~]# systemctl status mysqld ● mysqld.service - MySQL Server Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled) Active: active (running) since Tue 2023-08-29 00:39:04 PDT; 2min 6s ago Docs: man:mysqld(8) http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html Process: 4080 ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/mysqld_pre_systemd (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS) Main PID: 4107 (mysqld) Status: "Server is operational" Tasks: 37 CGroup: /system.slice/mysqld.service └─4107 /usr/sbin/mysqld Aug 29 00:39:00 centos-001 systemd[1]: Starting MySQL Server... Aug 29 00:39:04 centos-001 systemd[1]: Started MySQL Server. • 可以使⽤ systemctl \[stop\| start\| restart\| status\] mysqld, 命令对MySQL服务进⾏\[停⽌\| 启动\|重 启\|查看服务状态\]操作 ## 开启⾃启动 • 在终端执⾏： systemctl enable mysqld [root@centos-001 ~]# systemctl enable mysqld #设置⾃启动 [root@centos-001 ~]# systemctl list-unit-files|grep mysqld #查看状态 mysqld.service enabled ## 登录MySQL ⾸次安装成功，MySQL把root⽤⼾的默认密码保存在错误⽇志中 • 可以通过在终端执⾏： grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log 进⾏查看 [root@centos-001 log]# grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log 2023-08-25T08:32:10.905479Z 6 [Note] [MY-010454] [Server] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: IRDMJQ_.v566 #这个就是默认⽣成的密码 1 2 • 使⽤密码进⾏登录 [root@centos-001 log]# mysql -uroot -p Enter password: Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 10 Server version: 8.0.34 MySQL Community Server - GPL Copyright (c) 2000, 2023, Oracle and/or its affiliates. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql> ## 修改密码 TIPS: validate_password 组件是默认安装的，实现的默认密码策略，要求密码⾄少包含1个⼤写字 ⺟、1个⼩写字⺟、1个数字和1个特殊字符，密码总⻓度⾄少为8个字符。 ## 默认密码策略 密码策略分为 LOW 、 MEDIUM (默认)和 STRONG ，分别⽤0，1(默认)，2表⽰。 0表⽰只校验密码⻓度，⻓度最⼩为8，所以以后要设置简单密码时还需要修改密码的⻓度限制。 他们分别⽤两个系统变量validate-password.policy和validate_password.length表⽰ 在MySQL 客⼾端运⾏以下命令查看当前设置 mysql> show variables like 'validate_password.policy'; #查看当前密码策略 +--------------------------+--------+ | Variable_name | Value | +--------------------------+--------+ | validate_password.policy | MEDIUM | # 中等 1 2 3 4 5 +--------------------------+--------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> show variables like 'validate_password.length'; #查看当前密码⻓度限制 +--------------------------+-------+ | Variable_name | Value | +--------------------------+-------+ | validate_password.length | 8 | # 最⼩为8个字符 +--------------------------+-------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) ## 设置简单密码 如果我们要在开发环境设置如123456的简单密码那么就要修改默认密码策略， 我们只需要设置validate-password.policy和validate_password.length对应的值即可。 • 在终端执⾏以下命令： mysql> set global validate_password.policy=0; #策略设置为LOW Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> set global validate_password.length=4; #密码⻓度最少为4位(系统限制不能⼩于4 位) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) • 重新查看系统变量的值： mysql> show variables like 'validate_password.policy'; +--------------------------+-------+ | Variable_name | Value | +--------------------------+-------+ | validate_password.policy | LOW | # LOW级 +--------------------------+-------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> show variables like 'validate_password.length'; +--------------------------+-------+ | Variable_name | Value | +--------------------------+-------+ | validate_password.length | 4 | # 最⼩⻓度为4 +--------------------------+-------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) • 设置新密码 mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '123456'; ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'Qs1!Ed3#'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)