Python中发送邮件的艺术：普通邮件、PDF附件与Markdown附件

用的是qq邮箱，具体获取smtp的password可以看这个文章
获取密码

Python中发送邮件的艺术：普通邮件、PDF附件与Markdown附件

在今天的博客中，我们将探讨如何使用Python的smtplib库来发送电子邮件，包括发送普通文本邮件、携带PDF文件的邮件和附带Markdown文件的邮件。这些功能在自动化报告发送、通知更新等多种场景中非常有用。

基础邮件发送

首先，我们从最基本的邮件发送功能开始。下面的Python脚本展示了如何使用smtplib发送一个简单的文本邮件：

python 复制代码

import smtplib
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart

def send_email(subject, body, to_email):
    smtp_server = 'smtp.qq.com'
    from_email = '[email protected]'
    password = 'your_password'

    message = MIMEMultipart()
    message['From'] = from_email
    message['To'] = to_email
    message['Subject'] = subject
    message.attach(MIMEText(body, 'plain'))

    with smtplib.SMTP_SSL(smtp_server) as server:
        server.login(from_email, password)
        server.sendmail(from_email, to_email, message.as_string())

send_email('Hello World', 'This is the body of the email.', '[email protected]')

这个脚本使用了SMTP_SSL来确保邮件发送过程的安全性。记得替换上面代码中的邮箱地址和密码。

发送PDF附件

接下来，让我们看看如何发送一个包含PDF附件的邮件。这在发送报告或文档时特别有用：

python 复制代码

import smtplib
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.mime.base import MIMEBase
from email import encoders
import os

def send_email(subject, body, to_email, file_path):
    smtp_server = 'smtp.qq.com'
    from_email = '[email protected]'
    password = 'your_password'

    message = MIMEMultipart()
    message['From'] = from_email
    message['To'] = to_email
    message['Subject'] = subject
    message.attach(MIMEText(body, 'plain'))

    with open(file_path, "rb") as attachment:
        part = MIMEBase('application', 'pdf')
        part.set_payload(attachment.read())
        encoders.encode_base64(part)
        part.add_header("Content-Disposition", f"attachment; filename= {os.path.basename(file_path)}")
        message.attach(part)

    with smtplib.SMTP_SSL(smtp_server) as server:
        server.login(from_email, password)
        server.sendmail(from_email, to_email, message.as_string())

send_email('Monthly Report', 'Please find attached the monthly report.', '[email protected]', 'path/to/your/report.pdf')

注意这里我们设置了附件的MIME类型为'application/pdf'来确保正确的文件格式识别。

发送Markdown附件

最后，我们来看看如何发送一个Markdown文件作为附件的邮件。这对于发送文档或笔记非常方便：

python 复制代码

import smtplib
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.mime.base = MIMEBase
from email import encoders
import os

def send_email(subject, body, to_email, file_path):
    smtp_server = 'smtp.qq.com'
    from_email = '[email protected]'
    password = 'your_password'

    message = MIMEMultipart()
    message['From'] = from_email
    message['To'] = to_email
    message['Subject'] = subject
    message.attach(MIMEText(body, 'plain'))

    with open(file_path, "rb") as attachment:
        part = MIMEBase('text', 'plain')
        part.set_payload(attachment.read())
        encoders.encode_base64(part)
        part.add_header("Content-Disposition", f"attachment; filename= {os.path.basename(file_path)}")
        message.attach(part)

    with smtplib.SMTP_SSL(smtp_server) as server:
        server.login(from_email, password)
        server.sendmail(from_email, to_email, message.as_string())

send_email('Documentation Update', 'Please review the attached documentation.', '[email protected]', 'path/to/your/document.md')

这里，我们将MIME类型设置为'text/plain'来匹配Markdown文件的纯文本性质。

以上就是如何在Python中使用smtplib发送不同类型的邮件。希望这些脚本对你有所帮助！你可以根据需要进行调整以适应不同的发送需求。