目录
[一、playbook 剧本安装nginx](#一、playbook 剧本安装nginx)
一、playbook 剧本安装nginx
[root@m0 ~]# mkdir /etc/ansible/playbook
[root@m0 ~]# vim /etc/ansible/playbook/nginx.yml
---
- hosts: group02
remote_user: root
tasks:
- name: 卸载httpd
yum: name=httpd state=absent
- name: 安装epel
yum: name=epel-release state=present
- name: 安装nginx
yum: name=nginx state=present
- name: 修改资源文件
shell: echo 'i am nginx,port is 80' > /usr/share/nginx/html/index.html
- name: 修改端口
command: sed -i '/listen/s/80/8080/g' /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
notify:
- restart nginx
- name: 启动服务
service: name=nginx state=started enabled=yes
handlers:
- name: restart nginx
service: name=nginx state=restarted
[root@m0 ~]# ansible-playbook /etc/ansible/playbook/nginx.yml 二、roles(难点)
1、roles介绍
roles(⻆⾊): 就是通过分别将variables, tasks及handlers等放置于单独的⽬录中,并可以便捷地调⽤它们的⼀种机制。
假设我们要写⼀个playbook来安装管理lamp环境，那么这个playbook就会写很⻓。所以我们希望把这个很⼤的⽂件分成多个功能拆分, 分成apache管理,php管理,mysql管理，然后在需要使⽤的时候直接调⽤就可以了，以免重复写。就类似编程⾥的模块化的概念，以达到代码复⽤的效果。
2、创建roles的目录结构
files：⽤来存放由copy模块或script模块调⽤的⽂件。
tasks：⾄少有⼀个main.yml⽂件，定义各tasks。
handlers:有⼀个main.yml⽂件，定义各handlers。
templates：⽤来存放jinjia2模板。
vars：有⼀个main.yml⽂件，定义变量。
meta：有⼀个main.yml⽂件，定义此⻆⾊的特殊设定及其依赖关系。
注意: 在每个⻆⾊的⽬录中分别创建files,tasks,handlers,templates,vars和meta⽬录，⽤不到的⽬录可以创建为空⽬录.
3、案例
root@m0 \~\]# cd /etc/ansible/roles/ \[root@m0 roles\]# ls \[root@m0 roles\]# mkdir nginx \[root@m0 roles\]# ls nginx \[root@m0 roles\]# cd nginx/ \[root@m0 nginx\]# mkdir files \[root@m0 nginx\]# mkdir tasks \[root@m0 nginx\]# mkdir handlers \[root@m0 nginx\]# mkdir templates \[root@m0 nginx\]# mkdir vars \[root@m0 nginx\]# mkdir meta \[root@m0 nginx\]# tree . ├── files ├── handlers ├── meta ├── tasks ├── templates └── vars \[root@m0 nginx\]# touch handlers/main.yml \[root@m0 nginx\]# touch tasks/main.yml \[root@m0 nginx\]# touch vars/main.yml \[root@m0 nginx\]# touch meta/main.yml \[root@m0 nginx\]# tree . ├── files ├── handlers │ └── main.yml ├── meta │ └── main.yml ├── tasks │ └── main.yml ├── templates └── vars └── main.yml \[root@m0 \~\]# vim /etc/ansible/playbook/test002.yml --- - hosts: s remote_user: root roles: - nginx \[root@m0 \~\]# ansible-playbook /etc/ansible/playbook/test002.yml \[root@m0 \~\]# ansible s -m yum -a 'name=nginx state=absent' \[root@m0 \~\]# vim /etc/ansible/roles/nginx/tasks/main.yml --- - name: 卸载httpd yum: name=httpd state=absent - name: 卸载nginx yum: name=nginx state=absent - name: 安装nginx yum: name=nginx state=present - name: 启动服务 service: name=nginx state=started enabled=yes ... \[root@m0 \~\]# ansible-playbook /etc/ansible/playbook/test002.yml \[root@m0 \~\]# vim /etc/ansible/playbook/test002.yml --- - hosts: s remote_user: root roles: - nginx - mysql \[root@m0 \~\]# cp /etc/ansible/roles/nginx/ /etc/ansible/roles/mysql -r \[root@m0 \~\]# ansible-playbook /etc/ansible/playbook/test002.yml
4、练习:
1.创建roles⽬录及⽂件,并确认⽬录结构
root@m0 \~\]# cd /etc/ansible/roles/ \[root@m0 roles\]# tree . └── httpd ├── files ├── handlers │ └── main.yml ├── meta │ └── main.yml ├── tasks │ └── main.yml ├── templates └── vars └── main.yml **2.准备httpd服务器的主⻚⽂件,php测试⻚和配置⽂件等** \[root@m0 \~\]# yum -y install httpd \[root@m0 roles\]# echo "\" \> /etc/ansible/roles/httpd/files/test.php \[root@m0 roles\]# echo "test main page" \> /etc/ansible/roles/httpd/files/index.html \[root@m0 roles\]# cp /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf /etc/ansible/roles/httpd/files/ **3.编写httpd⻆⾊的main.yml⽂件** \[root@m0 roles\]# vim /etc/ansible/roles/httpd/tasks/main.yml --- - name: 安装httpd yum: name=httpd,httpd-devel state=present - name: 同步httpd配置文件 copy: src=/etc/ansible/roles/httpd/files/httpd.conf dest=/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf notify: restart httpd - name: 同步主页文件 copy: src=/etc/ansible/roles/httpd/files/index.html dest=/var/www/html/index.html - name: 同步php测试页 copy: src=/etc/ansible/roles/httpd/files/test.php dest=/var/www/html/test.php - name: 启动httpd并开机自启动 service: name=httpd state=started enabled=yes **4.编写httpd⻆⾊⾥的handler** \[root@m0 ansible\]# vim /etc/ansible/roles/httpd/handlers/main.yml --- - name: restart httpd service: name=httpd state=restarted **5.将两台主机添加到组** \[root@m0 \~\]# vim /etc/ansible/hosts s1 ansible_ssh_host=192.168.1.68 ansible_ssh_port=22 ansible_ssh_user=root ansible_ssh_pass=q s2 ansible_ssh_host=192.168.1.69 ansible_ssh_port=22 ansible_ssh_user=root ansible_ssh_pass=q \[s
s1
s2
6.编写httpd的playbook⽂件调⽤前⾯定义好的⻆⾊
root@m0 roles\]# vim /etc/ansible/playbook/httpd.yaml --- - hosts: s remote_user: root roles: - httpd **7.执行playbook文件** \[root@m0 roles\]# ansible-playbook /etc/ansible/playbook/httpd.yaml //执行