【Spring Boot 3】【Web】返回图片
背景
软件开发是一门实践性科学,对大多数人来说,学习一种新技术不是一开始就去深究其原理,而是先从做出一个可工作的DEMO入手。但在我个人学习和工作经历中,每次学习新技术总是要花费或多或少的时间、检索不止一篇资料才能得出一个可工作的DEMO,这占用了我大量的时间精力。因此本文旨在通过一篇文章即能还原出可工作的、甚至可用于生产的DEMO,期望初学者能尽快地迈过0到1的这一步骤,并在此基础上不断深化对相关知识的理解。
为达以上目的,本文会将开发环境、工程目录结构、开发步骤及源码尽量全面地展现出来,文字描述能简则简,能用代码注释的绝不在正文中再啰嗦一遍,正文仅对必要且关键的信息做重点描述。
介绍
本文介绍开发 Spring Boot Web 应用时如何返回图片给前端显示。
开发环境
分类 | 名称 | 版本 |
---|---|---|
操作系统 | Windows | Windows 11 |
JDK | Oracle JDK | 21.0.1 |
IDE | IntelliJ IDEA | 2023.3.7 |
构建工具 | Apache Maven | 3.9.9 |
开发步骤及源码
1> 创建Maven工程,添加依赖。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<parent>
<groupId>com.jiyongliang</groupId>
<artifactId>springboot3-web</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1</version>
</parent>
<artifactId>springboot3-web-media</artifactId>
<properties>
<java.version>21</java.version>
<maven.compiler.source>21</maven.compiler.source>
<maven.compiler.target>21</maven.compiler.target>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<spring-boot.version>3.3.3</spring-boot.version>
<lombok.version>1.18.34</lombok.version>
</properties>
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>${spring-boot.version}</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
<version>${lombok.version}</version>
<scope>compile</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<pluginManagement>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</pluginManagement>
</build>
</project>
2> 定义SpringBoot应用启动类。
package com.jiyongliang.springboot;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
@SpringBootApplication
public class SpringBoot3WebMediaApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(SpringBoot3WebMediaApplication.class, args);
}
}
3> 创建测试用图片资源,目录:src/main/resources/images
。
4> 创建返回图片的 Controller。
package com.jiyongliang.springboot.controller;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.core.io.FileSystemResource;
import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;
import org.springframework.http.MediaType;
import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;
import org.springframework.util.ResourceUtils;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.nio.file.Files;
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/image")
@Slf4j
public class ImageController {
/**
* http://localhost:8080/image/jpg/WARCRAFT.jpg
*/
@GetMapping("/jpg/{imageName}")
public ResponseEntity<FileSystemResource> jpg(@PathVariable(name = "imageName") String imageName) {
return getImageAsResource(imageName, MediaType.IMAGE_JPEG);
}
/**
* http://localhost:8080/image/png/wukong.png
*/
@GetMapping("/png/{imageName}")
public ResponseEntity<byte[]> png(@PathVariable(name = "imageName") String imageName) {
return getImageAsByteArray(imageName, MediaType.IMAGE_PNG);
}
private ResponseEntity<FileSystemResource> getImageAsResource(String imageName, MediaType mediaType) {
try {
File file = ResourceUtils.getFile("classpath:images/" + imageName);
FileSystemResource resource = new FileSystemResource(file);
return ResponseEntity.ok()
.contentLength(file.length())
.contentType(mediaType)
.body(resource);
} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
log.error("File[{}] is not existed", imageName);
return ResponseEntity.status(HttpStatus.BAD_REQUEST).build();
}
}
private ResponseEntity<byte[]> getImageAsByteArray(String imageName, MediaType mediaType) {
try {
File file = ResourceUtils.getFile("classpath:images/" + imageName);
byte[] imageBytes = Files.readAllBytes(file.toPath());
return ResponseEntity.ok()
.contentLength(imageBytes.length)
.contentType(mediaType)
.body(imageBytes);
} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
log.error("File[{}] is not existed", imageName);
return ResponseEntity.status(HttpStatus.BAD_REQUEST).build();
} catch (IOException e) {
log.error("Unexpected server error: {}", e.getMessage());
return ResponseEntity.status(HttpStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR).build();
}
}
}
5> 启动应用,使用浏览器测试。