前言
一个 .NET 验证框架,支持链式操作,易于理解,功能完善,组件内提供十几种常用验证器,可扩展性好,支持自定义验证器,支持本地化多语言。
项目介绍
FluentValidation 是一个开源的 .NET 库,用于验证对象的属性。
它提供了一种简单而强大的方式来定义和执行验证规则,使验证逻辑的编写和维护更加直观和便捷。
相较于传统的数据注解,FluentValidation 提供了更灵活、可扩展的验证规则定义方式。
通过流畅且易于理解的语法,它显著提升了代码的可读性和可维护性。
项目使用
FluentValidation 11 支持以下平台:
.NET Core 3.1、.NET 5、.NET 6、.NET 7、.NET 8、.NET Standard 2.0
1、安装FluentValidation
通过 NuGet 包管理器或 dotnet CLI 进行安装。
dotnet add package FluentValidation
或NuGet 包管理器
2、Program.cs
using FluentValidation;
using FluentValidation.AspNetCore;
using MicroElements.Swashbuckle.FluentValidation.AspNetCore;
var builder = WebApplication.CreateBuilder(args);
var services = builder.Services;
// Asp.Net stuff
services.AddControllers();
services.AddEndpointsApiExplorer();
// Add Swagger
services.AddSwaggerGen();
// Add FV
services.AddFluentValidationAutoValidation();
services.AddFluentValidationClientsideAdapters();
// Add FV validators
services.AddValidatorsFromAssemblyContaining<Program>();
// Add FV Rules to swagger
services.AddFluentValidationRulesToSwagger();
var app = builder.Build();
// Use Swagger
app.UseSwagger();
app.UseSwaggerUI();
app.MapControllers();
app.Run();
3、Startup.cs
public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
{
// Asp.net stuff
services.AddControllers();
// HttpContextValidatorRegistry requires access to HttpContext
services.AddHttpContextAccessor();
// Register FV validators
services.AddValidatorsFromAssemblyContaining<Startup>(lifetime: ServiceLifetime.Scoped);
// Add FV to Asp.net
services.AddFluentValidationAutoValidation();
// Add swagger
services.AddSwaggerGen(c =>
{
c.SwaggerDoc("v1", new OpenApiInfo { Title = "My API", Version = "v1" });
});
// [Optional] Add INameResolver (SystemTextJsonNameResolver will be registered by default)
// services.AddSingleton<INameResolver, CustomNameResolver>();
// Adds FluentValidationRules staff to Swagger. (Minimal configuration)
services.AddFluentValidationRulesToSwagger();
// [Optional] Configure generation options for your needs. Also can be done with services.Configure<SchemaGenerationOptions>
// services.AddFluentValidationRulesToSwagger(options =>
// {
// options.SetNotNullableIfMinLengthGreaterThenZero = true;
// options.UseAllOffForMultipleRules = true;
// });
// Adds logging
services.AddLogging(builder => builder.AddConsole());
}
public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IHostingEnvironment env)
{
app.UseRouting();
app.UseEndpoints(endpoints =>
{
endpoints.MapControllers();
});
// Adds swagger
app.UseSwagger();
// Adds swagger UI
app.UseSwaggerUI(c =>
{
c.SwaggerEndpoint("/swagger/v1/swagger.json", "My API V1");
});
}
4、版本兼容
5、支持的验证器
- INotNullValidator(NotNull)
- INotEmptyValidator(NotEmpty)
- ILengthValidator(对于字符串:Length、MinimumLength、MaximumLength、ExactLength;对于数组:MinItems、MaxItems)
- IRegularExpressionValidator(Email、Matches)
- IComparisonValidator(GreaterThan、GreaterThanOrEqual、LessThan、LessThanOrEqual)
- IBetweenValidator(InclusiveBetween、ExclusiveBetween)
6、可扩展
可以将 FluentValidationRule 注册到 ServiceCollection 中。
自定义规则名称将替换具有相同名称的默认规则。
可以通过 FluentValidationRules.CreateDefaultRules() 获取默认规则的完整列表。
默认规则列表: Required(必填) NotEmpty(非空) Length(长度) Pattern(模式) Comparison(比较) Between(区间)
new FluentValidationRule("Pattern")
{
Matches = propertyValidator => propertyValidator is IRegularExpressionValidator,
Apply = context =>
{
var regularExpressionValidator = (IRegularExpressionValidator)context.PropertyValidator;
context.Schema.Properties[context.PropertyKey].Pattern = regularExpressionValidator.Expression;
}
}
7、Swagger 模型和验证器
public class Sample
{
public string PropertyWithNoRules { get; set; }
public string NotNull { get; set; }
public string NotEmpty { get; set; }
public string EmailAddress { get; set; }
public string RegexField { get; set; }
public int ValueInRange { get; set; }
public int ValueInRangeExclusive { get; set; }
public float ValueInRangeFloat { get; set; }
public double ValueInRangeDouble { get; set; }
}
public class SampleValidator : AbstractValidator<Sample>
{
public SampleValidator()
{
RuleFor(sample => sample.NotNull).NotNull();
RuleFor(sample => sample.NotEmpty).NotEmpty();
RuleFor(sample => sample.EmailAddress).EmailAddress();
RuleFor(sample => sample.RegexField).Matches(@"(\d{4})-(\d{2})-(\d{2})");
RuleFor(sample => sample.ValueInRange).GreaterThanOrEqualTo(5).LessThanOrEqualTo(10);
RuleFor(sample => sample.ValueInRangeExclusive).GreaterThan(5).LessThan(10);
// WARNING: Swashbuckle implements minimum and maximim as int so you will loss fraction part of float and double numbers
RuleFor(sample => sample.ValueInRangeFloat).InclusiveBetween(1.1f, 5.3f);
RuleFor(sample => sample.ValueInRangeDouble).ExclusiveBetween(2.2, 7.5f);
}
}
8、包含验证器
public class CustomerValidator : AbstractValidator<Customer>
{
public CustomerValidator()
{
RuleFor(customer => customer.Surname).NotEmpty();
RuleFor(customer => customer.Forename).NotEmpty().WithMessage("Please specify a first name");
Include(new CustomerAddressValidator());
}
}
internal class CustomerAddressValidator : AbstractValidator<Customer>
{
public CustomerAddressValidator()
{
RuleFor(customer => customer.Address).Length(20, 250);
}
}
高级用法
1、异步验证
RuleForAsync(x => x.UserCode).MustAsync(async (usercode, cancellation) =>
{
var code = await _userService.IsUserNameUniqueAsync(usercode);
return code;
}).WithMessage("用户编码已存在");
2、条件验证
When(x => x.IsAdmin, () =>
{
RuleFor(x => x.Super).NotEmpty().WithMessage("管理必须是超级管理员");
});
3、自定义验证规则
RuleFor(x => x.Number).Custom((value, context) =>
{
if (value < 10 || value > 1000)
{
context.AddFailure("数字必须在10 到1000之间");
}
});
4、自定义错误消息
RuleFor(x => x.UserName).NotEmpty().WithMessage("用户名称不能为空")
.Matches(@"^\d{6}$").WithMessage("请输入有效的6位数字用户名称");
项目地址
**GitHub:**https://github.com/FluentValidation/FluentValidation
总结
FluentValidation 是一个优雅且功能强大的验证库,它在提升代码可读性和可维护性的同时,保持了高度的灵活性。
无论是简单的验证需求还是复杂的业务规则,FluentValidation 都能让我们轻松确保数据的有效性。
如果大家项目中有验证需求的,可以试一试,提高开发效率。
最后
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