Neo4j入门案例：西游记

创建一个基于《西游记》中"孙悟空"的黑神话版本的知识图谱。这个图谱将会包括《西游记》中的一些主要角色、地点、事件以及它们之间的关系。我们将创建至少10个节点和20个关系，并提供相应的Cypher语句。

数据模型定义

实体类型（节点）

1. 角色 (Character)
2. 地点 (Location)
3. 事件 (Event)
4. 武器 (Weapon)
5. 技能 (Skill)

关系类型

1. 居住于 (LivesIn)
2. 参与 (ParticipatesIn)
3. 使用 (Uses)
4. 拥有 (Has)
5. 敌对 (FoesWith)
6. 朋友 (FriendsWith)

数据准备

假设我们有如下数据：

• 角色: "孙悟空"，"唐僧"，"猪八戒"，"沙僧"，"白骨精"，"牛魔王"
• 地点: "花果山"，"五行山"，"天宫"，"火焰山"
• 事件: "取经之路"，"大闹天宫"，"三打白骨精"
• 武器: "金箍棒"，"九齿钉耙"，"降妖杖"
• 技能: "七十二变"，"筋斗云"，"定身法"

创建知识图谱

创建节点

CREATE (s1:Character {name: "孙悟空", role: "主角"})
CREATE (s2:Character {name: "唐僧", role: "师傅"})
CREATE (s3:Character {name: "猪八戒", role: "徒弟"})
CREATE (s4:Character {name: "沙僧", role: "徒弟"})
CREATE (s5:Character {name: "白骨精", role: "妖怪"})
CREATE (s6:Character {name: "牛魔王", role: "妖怪"})
CREATE (l1:Location {name: "花果山", description: "孙悟空的家乡"})
CREATE (l2:Location {name: "五行山", description: "孙悟空被压之地"})
CREATE (l3:Location {name: "天宫", description: "神仙居住的地方"})
CREATE (l4:Location {name: "火焰山", description: "牛魔王的领地"})
CREATE (e1:Event {name: "取经之路", description: "唐僧师徒四人的旅途"})
CREATE (e2:Event {name: "大闹天宫", description: "孙悟空与天庭的冲突"})
CREATE (e3:Event {name: "三打白骨精", description: "孙悟空与白骨精的战斗"})
CREATE (w1:Weapon {name: "金箍棒", description: "孙悟空的法宝"})
CREATE (w2:Weapon {name: "九齿钉耙", description: "猪八戒的武器"})
CREATE (w3:Weapon {name: "降妖杖", description: "沙僧的武器"})
CREATE (sk1:Skill {name: "七十二变", description: "孙悟空的技能"})
CREATE (sk2:Skill {name: "筋斗云", description: "孙悟空的技能"})
CREATE (sk3:Skill {name: "定身法", description: "孙悟空的技能"})

创建关系

MATCH (s1:Character), (l1:Location)
WHERE s1.name = "孙悟空" AND l1.name = "花果山"
CREATE (s1)-[:LivesIn]->(l1)

MATCH (s1:Character), (e1:Event)
WHERE s1.name = "孙悟空" AND e1.name = "取经之路"
CREATE (s1)-[:ParticipatesIn]->(e1)

MATCH (s1:Character), (e2:Event)
WHERE s1.name = "孙悟空" AND e2.name = "大闹天宫"
CREATE (s1)-[:ParticipatesIn]->(e2)

MATCH (s1:Character), (e3:Event)
WHERE s1.name = "孙悟空" AND e3.name = "三打白骨精"
CREATE (s1)-[:ParticipatesIn]->(e3)

MATCH (s1:Character), (w1:Weapon)
WHERE s1.name = "孙悟空" AND w1.name = "金箍棒"
CREATE (s1)-[:Uses]->(w1)

MATCH (s1:Character), (sk1:Skill)
WHERE s1.name = "孙悟空" AND sk1.name = "七十二变"
CREATE (s1)-[:Has]->(sk1)

MATCH (s1:Character), (sk2:Skill)
WHERE s1.name = "孙悟空" AND sk2.name = "筋斗云"
CREATE (s1)-[:Has]->(sk2)

MATCH (s1:Character), (sk3:Skill)
WHERE s1.name = "孙悟空" AND sk3.name = "定身法"
CREATE (s1)-[:Has]->(sk3)

MATCH (s2:Character), (l2:Location)
WHERE s2.name = "唐僧" AND l2.name = "五行山"
CREATE (s2)-[:LivesIn]->(l2)

MATCH (s2:Character), (e1:Event)
WHERE s2.name = "唐僧" AND e1.name = "取经之路"
CREATE (s2)-[:ParticipatesIn]->(e1)

MATCH (s3:Character), (l1:Location)
WHERE s3.name = "猪八戒" AND l1.name = "花果山"
CREATE (s3)-[:LivesIn]->(l1)

MATCH (s3:Character), (e1:Event)
WHERE s3.name = "猪八戒" AND e1.name = "取经之路"
CREATE (s3)-[:ParticipatesIn]->(e1)

MATCH (s3:Character), (w2:Weapon)
WHERE s3.name = "猪八戒" AND w2.name = "九齿钉耙"
CREATE (s3)-[:Uses]->(w2)

MATCH (s4:Character), (l1:Location)
WHERE s4.name = "沙僧" AND l1.name = "花果山"
CREATE (s4)-[:LivesIn]->(l1)

MATCH (s4:Character), (e1:Event)
WHERE s4.name = "沙僧" AND e1.name = "取经之路"
CREATE (s4)-[:ParticipatesIn]->(e1)

MATCH (s4:Character), (w3:Weapon)
WHERE s4.name = "沙僧" AND w3.name = "降妖杖"
CREATE (s4)-[:Uses]->(w3)

MATCH (s5:Character), (l4:Location)
WHERE s5.name = "白骨精" AND l4.name = "火焰山"
CREATE (s5)-[:LivesIn]->(l4)

MATCH (s5:Character), (e3:Event)
WHERE s5.name = "白骨精" AND e3.name = "三打白骨精"
CREATE (s5)-[:ParticipatesIn]->(e3)

MATCH (s6:Character), (l4:Location)
WHERE s6.name = "牛魔王" AND l4.name = "火焰山"
CREATE (s6)-[:LivesIn]->(l4)

MATCH (s1:Character), (s5:Character)
WHERE s1.name = "孙悟空" AND s5.name = "白骨精"
CREATE (s1)-[:FoesWith]->(s5)

MATCH (s1:Character), (s2:Character)
WHERE s1.name = "孙悟空" AND s2.name = "唐僧"
CREATE (s1)-[:FriendsWith]->(s2)

查询及推理

查询示例

• 查找所有居住在花果山的角色

  MATCH (c:Character)-[r:LivesIn]->(l:Location) WHERE l.name = "花果山"
  RETURN c.name

找出孙悟空拥有的所有技能
*

  MATCH (s1:Character)-[r:Has]->(sk:Skill) WHERE s1.name = "孙悟空"
  RETURN sk.name

分析参与了"取经之路"事件的所有角色及其武器
*

  MATCH (c:Character)-[r:ParticipatesIn]->(e:Event)<-[r2:Uses]-(w:Weapon) WHERE e.name = "取经之路"
  RETURN c.name, w.name

推理示例

• 寻找所有与孙悟空敌对的角色及其居住地点

  MATCH (s1:Character)-[r:FoesWith]->(s2:Character)-[r2:LivesIn]->(l:Location) WHERE s1.name = "孙悟空"
  RETURN s2.name, l.name

找出参与了"大闹天宫"事件的角色以及他们拥有的技能
*

  MATCH (c:Character)-[r:ParticipatesIn]->(e:Event)<-[r2:Has]-(sk:Skill) WHERE e.name = "大闹天宫"
  RETURN c.name, sk.name