MySQL

MySQL


MySQL的源码编译

步骤

准备两台rhel7的环境

数据库的安装

官网:http://www.mysql.com

(rhel7压缩包中)libtirpc 下载并xftp上传到/root下

c 复制代码
[root@mysql-1 ~]# yum install libtirpc-devel-0.2.4-0.16.el7.x86_64.rpm -y

[root@mysql-1 ~]# tar zxf mysql-boost-5.7.44.tar.gz 

[root@mysql-1 ~]# cd mysql-5.7.44/
[root@mysql-1 mysql-5.7.44]# ls

[root@mysql-1 mysql-5.7.44]# yum install cmake -y

[root@mysql-1 mysql-5.7.44]# yum install gcc gcc-c++ -y

[root@mysql-1 mysql-5.7.44]# yum install openssl-devel -y

[root@mysql-1 mysql-5.7.44]# yum install ncurses-devel -y

(如果还有报错删除缓存文件------> rm -rf CMakeCache.txt)

开始编译

c 复制代码
[root@mysql-1 mysql-5.7.44]# cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql 
-DMYSQL_DATADIR=/data/mysql 
-DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/data/mysql/mysql.sock 
-DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 
-DWITH_EXTRA_CHARSETS=all 
-DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8mb4 
-DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8mb4_unicode_ci 
-DWITH_BOOST=/root/mysql-5.7.44/boost/boost_1_59_0/

[root@mysql-1 mysql-5.7.44]# make install

MySQL的安装及初始化

生成启动脚本

c 复制代码
[root@mysql-1 ~]# yum install initscripts -y

[root@mysql-1 ~]# cd /usr/local/mysql/

[root@mysql-1 mysql]# ls

添加用户

c 复制代码
[root@mysql-1 mysql]# useradd -s /sbin/nologin -M mysql

[root@mysql-1 mysql]# mkdir /data/mysql -p

[root@mysql-1 mysql]# chown mysql.mysql -R /data/mysql

[root@mysql-1 mysql]# ls

[root@mysql-1 mysql]# cd support-files/

[root@mysql-1 support-files]# cp mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld

[root@mysql-1 support-files]# ls

生成配置文件

[root@mysql-1 support-files]# vim /etc/my.cnf

[mysqld]

datadir=/data/mysql

socket=/data/mysql/mysql.sock

symbolic-links=0

修改环境变量

[root@mysql-1 support-files]# vim ~/.bash_profile

c 复制代码
# .bash_profile

# Get the aliases and functions
if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then
        . ~/.bashrc
fi

# User specific environment and startup programs

PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:/usr/local/mysql/bin

export PAT

[root@mysql-1 support-files]# source ~/.bash_profile

数据库初始化建立mysql基本数据

[root@mysql-1 ~]# mysqld --user mysql --initialize

生成数据库的密码

1s&Vgg:(IOdn

[root@mysql-1 ~]# vim passwd

初始化有问题:rm -rf /data/mysql/*

重新开始初始化:[root@mysql-1 ~]# mysqld --user mysql --initialize

把密码重新写入passwd里 echo ... > passwd

开机启动

[root@mysql-1 ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start

SUCCESS!

等等等等等等等等等等等等


如果有下面的问题:

c 复制代码
 [root@mysql-1 mysql]#  /etc/init.d/mysqld restart
 ERROR! MySQL server PID file could not be found!
Starting MySQL.. ERROR! The server quit without updating PID file (/data/mysql/mysql-1.hh.org.pid).

1、检查防火墙、selinux有没有关闭,可能被占用端口

systemctl status firewalld.service

systemctl stop firewalld.service

systemctl mask firewalld.service

getenforce

vim /etc/sysconfig/selinux

disabled

2、查看进程是否存在

解决方法:

[root@mysql-1 mysql]# ps -aux | grep mysqld

...mysqld

[root@mysql-1 mysql]# pkill -f mysql

[root@mysql-1 mysql]# ps -aux | grep mysqld

#重新启动

[root@mysql-1 mysql]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start

其他的看看这个:Mysql 启动报错解析:Starting MySQL... ERROR! The server quit without updating PID file (/usr/local/mysql/dat_starting mysql. error! the server quit without upd-CSDN博客


数据库安全初始化

[root@mysql-1 ~]# mysql_secure_installation

[root@mysql-1 ~]# mysql -uroot -p123

mysql> SHOW DATABASES;

mysql-2一样

MySQL的主复制

主:mysql-1 172.25.254.10

副:mysql-2 172.25.254.20

mysql-1

[root@mysql-2 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf

c 复制代码
[mysqld]
datadir=/data/mysql
socket=/data/mysql/mysql.sock
symbolic-links=0
server-id=10
log-bin=mysql-bin
c 复制代码
[root@mysql-1 ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart

[root@mysql-1 ~]# mysql -uroot -p123

mysql> SELECT @@server_id;

远程用户可以登陆查询

bash 复制代码
mysql> CREATE USER hh@'%' IDENTIFIED BY '123';

mysql> GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON *.* TO hh@'%';

mysql> show master status;

mysql> show master status\G;

mysql> create database hhhoo;

mysql> create table hhhoo.userlist(
    -> username varchar(10) not null,
    -> password varchar(50) not null
    -> );

mysql> INSERT INTO hhhoo.userlist values ('hui1','123');

mysql> SELECT * FROM hhhoo.userlist;

mysql> INSERT INTO hhhoo.userlist values ('hui2','444');

mysql> SELECT * FROM hhhoo.userlist;

mysql-2(不能写入数据,只读)

bash 复制代码
[root@mysql-2 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
datadir=/data/mysql
socket=/data/mysql/mysql.sock
symbolic-links=0
server-id=20
bash 复制代码
    Slave_IO_Running: Yes	#数据传输
    Slave_SQL_Running: Yes	#数据回放
	#看到这俩就表示成功咯

MySQL主从集群的slave添加及延迟回放

克隆一个rhel7:172.25.254.30

在mysql-1上

bash 复制代码
[root@mysql-1 ~]# rsync -al /usr/local/mysql root@172.25.254.30:/usr/local

生成启动脚本

bash 复制代码
[root@mysql-3 ~]# yum install initscripts -y

[root@mysql-3 ~]# cd /usr/local/mysql/

[root@mysql-3 mysql]# ls

添加用户

bash 复制代码
[root@mysql-3 mysql]# useradd -s /sbin/nologin -M mysql

[root@mysql-3 mysql]# mkdir /data/mysql -p

[root@mysql-3 mysql]# chown mysql.mysql -R /data/mysql

[root@mysql-3 mysql]# ls

[root@mysql-3 mysql]# cd support-files/

[root@mysql-3 support-files]# cp mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld

[root@mysql-3 support-files]# ls

生成配置文件

bash 复制代码
[root@mysql-3 support-files]# vim /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
datadir=/data/mysql
socket=/data/mysql/mysql.sock
symbolic-links=0
server_id=30或者super_read_only=on
bash 复制代码
[root@mysql-3 support-files]# vim ~/.bash_profile 
# .bash_profile

# Get the aliases and functions
if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then
        . ~/.bashrc
fi

# User specific environment and startup programs

PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:/usr/local/mysql/bin

export PAT
[root@mysql-3 support-files]# source ~/.bash_profile

数据库初始化建立mysql基本数据

bash 复制代码
[root@mysql-3 ~]# mysqld --user mysql --initialize
生成数据库的密码
[root@mysql-3 ~]# ll /data/mysql
[root@mysql-3 ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start

回mysql-1

bash 复制代码
[root@mysql-1 ~]# mysqldump -uroot -p hhhoo > hhhoo.sql
Enter password:

[root@mysql-1 ~]# cat hhhoo.sql

[root@mysql-1 ~]# scp hhhoo.sql root@172.25.254.30:/mnt/

回mysql-3

bash 复制代码
[root@mysql-3 ~]# cd /mnt/

[root@mysql-3 mnt]# ls
hhhoo.sql

[root@mysql-3 mnt]# mysql -uroot -p123 -e "CREATE DATABASE hhhoo;"

[root@mysql-3 mnt]# mysql -uroot -p123 hhhoo < hhhoo.sql

[root@mysql-3 mnt]# mysql -uroot -p123

mysql> change master to master_host='172.25.254.100',master_user='hh',master_password='123',master_log_file=" mysql-bin.000003 ",master_log_pos=154;

mysql> start slave;

mysql> SHOW SLAVE STATUS\G;
            Slave_IO_Running: Connecting
            Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
Last_IO_Error: error connecting to master 'hh@172.25.254.100:3306' - retry-time: 60  retries: 2(有报错)
mysql> stop slave;

[root@mysql-2 ~]# mysql -uhh -p123 -h 172.25.254.10(看看用户名能不能连上)

mysql> change master to master_host='172.25.254.10',master_user='hh',master_password='123',master_log_file=" mysql-bin.000004",master_log_pos=154;

解决报错:

Slave_IO_Running: No

Slave_SQL_Running: Yes

Last_IO_Error: Got fatal error 1236 from master when reading data from binary log: 'Could not find first log file name

bash 复制代码
mysql> stop slave;

去master上查看状态

bash 复制代码
mysql> show master status\G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
             File: mysql-bin.000003			#一样的
         Position: 154
     Binlog_Do_DB: 
 Binlog_Ignore_DB: 
Executed_Gtid_Set: 
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

ERROR: 
No query specified

刷新一下日志:

bash 复制代码
mysql> flush logs;
mysql> show master status\G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
             File: mysql-bin.000004			#copy
         Position: 154						#copy
     Binlog_Do_DB: 
 Binlog_Ignore_DB: 
Executed_Gtid_Set: 
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

在slave中写上

bash 复制代码
mysql> CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000004',MASTER_LOG_POS=154;(更新后的)

mysql> start slave;

mysql> SHOW SLAVE STATUS\G;

over


延迟复制:

延迟复制时用来控制sql线程的,和i/o线程无关

bash 复制代码
mysql> SHOW SLAVE STATUS\G;
SQL_Delay: 0			#数据延迟
修改:
mysql> STOP SLAVE SQL_THREAD;

mysql> change master to master_delay=60;

mysql> start slave sql_thread;

mysql> SHOW SLAVE STATUS\G;

  SQL_Delay: 60

完成!

在master把hui1删除

bash 复制代码
mysql> delete from hhhoo.userlist where username='hui1';

mysql> select * from hhhoo.userlist;

#hui1没了

回slave看hui1还在,等60s后hui1没了;

为什么要延迟复制?防止出错找不回数据;

慢查询日志

执行SQL很慢的查询,SQL语句就是需要优化的

慢查询被记录在慢查询日志里

如果需要优化SQL语句,就可以开启这个功能

在master上做

bash 复制代码
mysql> SHOW variables like "slow%";(查看)

mysql> SET GLOBAL slow_query_log=on;

mysql>  SHOW variables like "slow%";

mysql> SHOW VARIABLES like "long%";

设定慢查询的时间值

bash 复制代码
mysql> SET long_query_time=4;

测试:

bash 复制代码
mysql> select sleep (10);

[root@mysql-node1 ~]# cat /data/mysql/mysql-node1-slow.log

mysql的并行复制

默认情况下slave中使用的是sql单线程回放

在slave2中写

bash 复制代码
[root@mysql-2 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
datadir=/data/mysql
socket=/data/mysql/mysql.sock
symbolic-links=0
server-id=20
gtid_mode=ON
enforce-gtid-consistency=ON
slave-parallel-type=LOGICAL_CLOCK
slave-parallel-workers=16
master_info_repository=TABLE
relay_log_recovery=ON

重启

bash 复制代码
[root@mysql-2 ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart 

MySQL组从复制原理

slave会开启两个线程

I/O线程:用于处理与外部系统之间的信息交互,如输入输出操作

SQL线程:用于执行并发任务的线程,允许它在多个处理器上同时执行任务,从而提高性能和资源利用率

master:

dump线程:用于实现数据库之间的数据复制同步

主从架构采用的是异步机制

master更新完成后直接发送二进制日志到slave,但是slaves是否真正保存了数据master端不会检测

master端直接保存二进制日志到磁盘

当master端到slave端的网络出现问题时或者master端直接挂掉,二进制日志可能根本没有到达slave

master出现问题slave端接管master,这个过程中数据就丢失了

这样的问题出现就无法达到数据的强一致性,零数据丢失

MySQL的gitd日志模式

在master端的写入时多用户读写,在slave端的复制时单线程日志回放,所以slave端一定会延迟

master端

bash 复制代码
[root@mysql-1 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
datadir=/data/mysql
socket=/data/mysql/mysql.sock
symbolic-links=0
server-id=10
log-bin=mysql-bin
gtid_mode=ON
enforce-gtid-consistency=ON
[root@mysql-1 ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart

登陆mysql上查看进程show master status\G;

bash 复制代码
[root@mysql-node1 ~]# mysqlbinlog -vv /data/mysql/mysql-bin.0000?进程号

在slave上

bash 复制代码
[root@mysql-3 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
datadir=/data/mysql
socket=/data/mysql/mysql.sock
symbolic-links=0
server_id=30
gtid_mode=ON
enforce-gtid-consistency=ON
[root@mysql-3 ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart

slave2:

bash 复制代码
[root@mysql-2 ~]# mysql -uroot -p123

mysql> stop slave;

`mysql> change master to
    -> master_host='172.25.254.10',
    -> master_user='hh',
    -> master_password='123',
    -> master_auto_position=1;`

mysql> start slave;

mysql> SHOW SLAVE STATUS\G;

slave3:一样的

bash 复制代码
[root@mysql-3 ~]# mysql -uroot -p123

mysql> stop slave;

`mysql> change master to
    -> master_host='172.25.254.10',
    -> master_user='hh',
    -> master_password='123',
    -> master_auto_position=1;`

mysql> start slave;

mysql> SHOW SLAVE STATUS\G;

MySQL的半同步复制

在master上写:

bash 复制代码
[root@mysql-1 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
datadir=/data/mysql
socket=/data/mysql/mysql.sock
symbolic-links=0
server-id=10
log-bin=mysql-bin
gtid_mode=ON
enforce-gtid-consistency=ON
rpl_semi_sync_master_enabled=1

登陆mysql安装插件

bash 复制代码
mysql> INSTALL PLUGIN rpl_semi_sync_master SONAME 'semisync_master.so';

mysql> SELECT PLUGIN_NAME, PLUGIN_STATUS
    -> FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.PLUGINS
    -> WHERE PLUGIN_NAME LIKE '%semi%';

mysql> SET GLOBAL rpl_semi_sync_master_enabled = 1;

mysql> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'rpl_semi_sync%';

mysql> SHOW STATUS LIKE 'Rpl_semi_sync%';

在slave2.3上

bash 复制代码
root@mysql-2 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf

[mysqld]
datadir=/data/mysql
socket=/data/mysql/mysql.sock
symbolic-links=0
server-id=20
gtid_mode=ON
enforce-gtid-consistency=ON
rpl_semi_sync_master_enabled=1

登陆数据库安装插件

bash 复制代码
mysql> INSTALL PLUGIN rpl_semi_sync_master SONAME 'semisync_master.so';

mysql> SET GLOBAL rpl_semi_sync_master_enabled = 1;

[root@mysql-2 ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart

如果服务是off

重启I/O线程:

bash 复制代码
mysql> STOP SLAVE IO_THREAD; 

 mysql> START SLAVE IO_THREAD;

查看有没有开了

bash 复制代码
mysql> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'rpl_semi_sync%';

测试:

#在slave端

bash 复制代码
[root@mysql-node2 ~]# mysql -p123

mysql> STOP SLAVE IO_THREAD;

[root@mysql-node3 ~]# mysql -p123

mysql> STOP SLAVE IO_THREAD;

#在master端插入数据

bash 复制代码
mysql> insert into lee.userlist values ('user5','555');

Query OK, 1 row affected (10.00 sec) #10秒超时

解决:

在slave端开启

bash 复制代码
mysql> start SLAVE IO_THREAD;

MySQL组复制功能的实现

组复制流程

组复制分为:

单组:单写模式 group 内只有一台节点可写可读,其他节点只可以读。当主服务器失败时,会自动选择新的主服务器。

多组:组内的所有机器都是 primary 节点,同时可以进行读写操作,并且数据是最终一致的。

为了避免出错,在所有节点中从新生成数据库数据

bash 复制代码
[root@mysql-1 ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld stop
Shutting down MySQL........... SUCCESS! 

[root@mysql-2 ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld stop

[root@mysql-3 ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld stop

把数据也删掉(企业记得备份)

bash 复制代码
[root@mysql-1 ~]# rm -fr /data/mysql/*

[root@mysql-2 ~]# rm -fr /data/mysql/*

[root@mysql-3 ~]# rm -fr /data/mysql/*

在master里写

bash 复制代码
[root@mysql-1 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
datadir=/data/mysql
socket=/data/mysql/mysql.sock
symbolic-links=0
server-id=10
log-bin=mysql-bin
gtid_mode=ON
enforce-gtid-consistency=ON
disabled_storage_engines="MyISAM,BLACKHOLE,FEDERATED,ARCHIVE,MEMORY"
master_info_repository=TABLE
relay_log_info_repository=TABLE
binlog_checksum=NONE
log_slave_updates=ON
log_bin=binlog
binlog_format=ROW
plugin_load_add='group_replication.so'
transaction_write_set_extraction=XXHASH64
group_replication_group_name="aaaaaaaa-aaaa-aaaa-aaaa-aaaaaaaaaaaa"
group_replication_start_on_boot=off
group_replication_local_address="172.25.254.10:33061"
group_replication_group_seeds="172.25.254.10:33061,172.25.254.20:33061,172.25.254.30:33061"
group_replication_ip_whitelist="172.25.254.0/24,127.0.0.1/8"
group_replication_bootstrap_group=off
group_replication_single_primary_mode=OFF
group_replication_enforce_update_everywhere_checks=ON
group_replication_allow_local_disjoint_gtids_join=1
bash 复制代码
[root@mysql-1 ~]# mysqld --user=mysql --initialize

 password is generated for root@localhost:   DhflEwCuu7.)

[root@mysql-1 ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start

登陆MySQL

bash 复制代码
[root@mysql-1 ~]# mysql -uroot -p'DhflEwCuu7.)'

改密码

bash 复制代码
mysql> alter user root@localhost identified by '123';

日志信息关闭

bash 复制代码
mysql> SET SQL_LOG_BIN=0;

mysql> CREATE USER hhhoo@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'hh';

mysql> grant replication slave on *.* TO hhhoo@'%';

打开日志功能

bash 复制代码
mysql> SET SQL_LOG_BIN=1;

mysql>CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_USER='hhhoo', MASTER_PASSWORD='123' FOR CHANNEL'group_replication_recovery';

mysql> SET GLOBAL group_replication_bootstrap_group=ON;

mysql> START GROUP_REPLICATION;

mysql> SET GLOBAL group_replication_bootstrap_group=OFF;

mysql> show databases;

mysql> SELECT * FROM performance_schema.replication_group_members;

做解析(3个MySQL都做)

bash 复制代码
vim /etc/hosts

127.0.0.1   localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1         localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
172.25.254.30	mysql-3.hh.org
172.25.254.20	mysql-2.hh.org
172.25.254.10	mysql-1.hh.org

复制文件:

bash 复制代码
[root@mysql-1 ~]# scp /etc/my.cnf root@172.25.254.20:/etc/my.cnf

[root@mysql-1 ~]# scp /etc/my.cnf root@172.25.254.30:/etc/my.cnf

slave2

bash 复制代码
[root@mysql-2 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
datadir=/data/mysql
socket=/data/mysql/mysql.sock
symbolic-links=0
server-id=20
log-bin=mysql-bin
gtid_mode=ON
enforce-gtid-consistency=ON
disabled_storage_engines="MyISAM,BLACKHOLE,FEDERATED,ARCHIVE,MEMORY"
master_info_repository=TABLE
relay_log_info_repository=TABLE
binlog_checksum=NONE
log_slave_updates=ON
log_bin=binlog
binlog_format=ROW
plugin_load_add='group_replication.so'
transaction_write_set_extraction=XXHASH64
group_replication_group_name="aaaaaaaa-aaaa-aaaa-aaaa-aaaaaaaaaaaa"
group_replication_start_on_boot=off
group_replication_local_address="172.25.254.20:33061"
group_replication_group_seeds="172.25.254.10:33061,172.25.254.20:33061,172.25.254.30:33061"
group_replication_ip_whitelist="172.25.254.0/24,127.0.0.1/8"
group_replication_bootstrap_group=off
group_replication_single_primary_mode=OFF
group_replication_enforce_update_everywhere_checks=ON
group_replication_allow_local_disjoint_gtids_join=1
bash 复制代码
[root@mysql-2 ~]# rm -fr /data/mysql/*

[root@mysql-2 ~]# mysqld --user=mysql --initialize

[root@mysql-2 ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start

[root@mysql-2 ~]# mysql -uroot -p'=,f3%mLVtRNu'

mysql> alter user root@localhost identified by '123';

mysql> SET SQL_LOG_BIN=0;

mysql> CREATE USER hhhoo@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'hh';

mysql> GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON *.* TO hhhoo@'%';

mysql>  FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

mysql> SET SQL_LOG_BIN=1;

mysql> CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_USER='hhhoo', MASTER_PASSWORD='123' FOR CHANNEL'group_replication_recovery';

mysql> START GROUP_REPLICATION;

mysql>  SELECT * FROM performance_schema.replication_group_members;
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