oracle 12C 搭建Active Data Gurad(主从实时同步)

Oracle版本: Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production

操作前须知:

基于两个单机oracle 进行。

需要先自行安装完成oracle12c

修改host ，oem 为主，oracle5 为从。

192.168.2.231 oracle5

192.168.2.230 oem

主库操作:

1.关闭数据库

SQL> shutdown immediate;

2.启动数据库至mount状态

SQL>startup mount

startup mount

ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 767557632 bytes

Fixed Size 8625416 bytes

Variable Size 608174840 bytes

Database Buffers 142606336 bytes

Redo Buffers 8151040 bytes

Database mounted.

3.修改归档位置, 目录不存在，请先创建。

SQL> alter system set log_archive_dest_1='location=/u01/oracle/archive';

4.启用归档模式

SQL> alter database archivelog;

SQL> alter database open;

SQL> archive log list;

验证归档是否正常

切换在线日志，验证归档是否正常

SQL> alter system switch logfile;

6.开启强制日志

SQL> alter database force logging;

Database altered.

SQL> select force_logging from v$database;

FORCE_LOGGING

YES

查询redo log信息

select thread#,groups from v$thread;

THREAD# GROUPS

1 3

查询redo日志大小

SQL> select group#,thread#,sequence#,bytes/1024/1024 mb from v$Log;

GROUP# THREAD# SEQUENCE# MB

1 1 31 200

2 1 29 200

3 1 30 200

查询redo日志存放路径

SQL> select member from v$Logfile;

MEMBER

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo03.log

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo02.log

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo01.log

添加备用日志

根据redo日志数量,添加N+1个备用日志(3+1),大小与原redo日志大小一样,否则会报错alter database add standby logfile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/stdredo01.log' size 200M;

alter database add standby logfile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/stdredo02.log' size 200M;

alter database add standby logfile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/stdredo03.log' size 200M;

alter database add standby logfile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/stdredo04.log' size 200M;

确认备用日志添加成功

SQL> SELECT THREAD#,GROUP#,bytes/1024/1024 MB,ARCHIVED,STATUS FROM V$STANDBY_LOG;

THREAD# GROUP# MB ARC STATUS

0 4 200 YES UNASSIGNED

0 5 200 YES UNASSIGNED

0 6 200 YES UNASSIGNED

0 7 200 YES UNASSIGNED

修改监听文件(主从都要配置)

cat $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/listener.ora

LISTENER =

(DESCRIPTION_LIST =

(DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oem)(PORT = 1521))

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1521))

)

以下为新增（主从都要添加）

SID_LIST_LISTENER =

(SID_DESC =

(GLOBAL_DBNAME = orcl)

(ORACLE_HOME= /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1)

(SID_NAME = orcl)

)

重启监听文件

oracle@centos-4 admin\]$ lsnrctl reload LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 12.2.0.1.0 - Production on 24-JUL-2021 20:18:26 Copyright (c) 1991, 2016, Oracle. All rights reserved. Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=centos-4)(PORT=1521))) The command completed successfully 12. 创建服务 cat $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/tnsnames.ora LISTENER_ORCL = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle5)(PORT = 1521)) ORCL = (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle5)(PORT = 1521)) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVER = DEDICATED) (SERVICE_NAME = orcl) ) ) # 以下为新增服务(必须与db_unique_name一致) ``` ``` primary = (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oem)(PORT = 1521)) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVER = DEDICATED) (SERVICE_NAME = orcl) ) ) standby = (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle5)(PORT = 1521)) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVER = DEDICATED) (SERVICE_NAME = orcl) ) ) 13. 检查服务 \[oracle@centos-4 admin\]$ tnsping primary TNS Ping Utility for Linux: Version 12.2.0.1.0 - Production on 24-JUL-2021 20:23:15 Copyright (c) 1997, 2016, Oracle. All rights reserved. Used parameter files: /u01/oracle/product/12c/network/admin/sqlnet.ora 14. 创建pfile文件 SQL\> create pfile='$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/initcrmdb.ora' from spfile 1 15. 修改文件 ``` ``` orcl.__data_transfer_cache_size=0 orcl.__db_cache_size=620756992 orcl.__inmemory_ext_roarea=0 orcl.__inmemory_ext_rwarea=0 orcl.__java_pool_size=16777216 orcl.__large_pool_size=33554432 orcl.__oracle_base='/u01/app/oracle'#ORACLE_BASE set from environment orcl.__pga_aggregate_target=637534208 orcl.__sga_target=956301312 orcl.__shared_io_pool_size=50331648 orcl.__shared_pool_size=218103808 orcl.__streams_pool_size=0 \*.audit_file_dest='/u01/oracle/admin/crmdb/adump' \*.audit_trail='db' \*.compatible='12.2.0' \*.control_files='/u01/oracle/oradata/crmdb/control01.ctl','/u01/oracle/oradata/crmdb/control02.ctl' \*.db_block_size=8192 \*.db_name='crmdb' \*.diagnostic_dest='/u01/oracle' \*.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=crmdbXDB)' \*.local_listener='LISTENER_CRMDB' \*.memory_target=732m \*.nls_language='AMERICAN' \*.nls_territory='AMERICA' \*.open_cursors=300 \*.processes=300 \*.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE' \*.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1' # 以下为新增 \*.db_unique_name='primary' # 名称必须唯一,切要与上面12所见服务要一样 \*.log_archive_config='dg_config=(primary,standby)' \*.log_archive_dest_1='location=/u01/oracle/archive valid_for=(all_logfiles,all_roles) db_unique_name=primary' # 设置本地归档位置 # 设置远程归档日志位置及同步方式为lgwr affirm sync \*.log_archive_dest_2='service=standby valid_for=(online_logfiles,primary_role) lgwr affirm sync db_unique_name=standby' \*.log_archive_dest_state_1=enable #启用 \*.log_archive_dest_state_2=enable \*.standby_file_management='auto' #允许数据文件自动同步添加 \*.fal_server='standby' #获取归档日志的服务为从库standby \*.fal_client='primary' #获取归档日志的客户端为主库primary \*.log_file_name_convert='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/' \*.db_file_name_convert='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/' 16. 应用pfile文件 SQL\>shutdown immediate; SQL\>create spfile from pfile='$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/initorcl.ora'; SQL\>startup 17. 传输文件到从库 \[oracle@centos-4 dbs\]$ scp orapworcl oracle@centos-5:$ORACLE_HOME/dbs \[oracle@centos-4 dbs\]$ scp initorcl.ora oracle@centos-5:$ORACLE_HOME/dbs 18. 将主库模式改为 MAXIMUM AVAILABILITY # 不需要关闭数据库,默认data guard模式为 Maximize Performance SQL\>alter database set standby database to maximize availability; # 查看模式 SQL\> select database_role,protection_mode,protection_level from v$database; DATABASE_ROLE PROTECTION_MODE PROTECTION_LEVEL -------------------- --------------------------- --------------------------- PRIMARY MAXIMUM AVAILABILITY MAXIMUM AVAILABILITY 从库操作 19. 修改pfile文件 ``` ``` orcl.__data_transfer_cache_size=0 orcl.__db_cache_size=620756992 orcl.__inmemory_ext_roarea=0 orcl.__inmemory_ext_rwarea=0 orcl.__java_pool_size=16777216 orcl.__large_pool_size=33554432 orcl.__oracle_base='/u01/app/oracle'#ORACLE_BASE set from environment orcl.__pga_aggregate_target=637534208 orcl.__sga_target=956301312 orcl.__shared_io_pool_size=50331648 orcl.__shared_pool_size=218103808 orcl.__streams_pool_size=0 \*.audit_file_dest='/u01/oracle/admin/orcl/adump' \*.audit_trail='db' \*.compatible='12.2.0' \*.control_files='/u01/oracle/oradata/orcl/control01.ctl','/u01/oracle/oradata/orcl/control02.ctl' \*.db_block_size=8192 \*.db_name='orcl' \*.diagnostic_dest='/u01/oracle' \*.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=orclXDB)' \*.local_listener='LISTENER_ORCL' \*.memory_target=732m \*.nls_language='AMERICAN' \*.nls_territory='AMERICA' \*.open_cursors=300 \*.processes=300 \*.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE' \*.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1' #修改以下内容 \*.db_unique_name='standby' \*.log_archive_config='dg_config=(primary,standby)' \*.log_archive_dest_1='location=/u01/oracle/archive valid_for=(all_logfiles,all_roles) db_unique_name=standby' \*.log_archive_dest_2='service=primary valid_for=(online_logfiles,primary_role) lgwr affirm sync db_unique_name=primary' \*.log_archive_dest_state_1=enable \*.log_archive_dest_state_2=enable \*.standby_file_management='auto' \*.fal_server='primary' \*.fal_client='standby' \*.log_file_name_convert='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/' \*.db_file_name_convert='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/' 20. 应用pfile文件 SQL\>shutdown immediate; SQL\>create spfile from pfile='$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/initorcl.ora'; # 启动为nomout模式 SQL\>startup nomount 21. 在备库上同步数据 \[oracle@centos-5 \~\]$ rman target sys/oracle@primary auxiliary sys/oracle12C@standby Recovery Manager: Release 12.2.0.1.0 - Production on Sat Jul 24 20:44:15 2021 Copyright (c) 1982, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. connected to target database: ORCL (DBID=4187303499) connected to auxiliary database: ORCL(DBID=4187303499) # 执行同步 RMAN\>duplicate target database for standby from active database nofilenamecheck; 22. 开启从库 # 执行完同步后,数据库状态会有 nomount--\> mount SQL\>alter database open; 23. 开启实时同步 # 开启实时同步 alter database recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect from session; # 关闭实时同步 alter database recover managed standby database cancel; 24.检查 SQL\> select open_mode,log_mode,open_mode ,database_role from v$database; OPEN_MODE LOG_MODE OPEN_MODE DATABASE_ROLE -------------------- -------------- -------------------------- ------------------- READ ONLY WITH APPLY ARCHIVELOG READ ONLY WITH APPLY PHYSICAL STANDBY # open_mode 为READ ONLY WITH APPLY,没有开启实时同步状态为 READ ONLY 25. 测试 在主库测试创建表及插入数据,查看从库是否同步 自行创建一个模式，执行以下sql ，查看同步情况 CREATE TABLE employees ( employee_id NUMBER(6) PRIMARY KEY, first_name VARCHAR2(50) NOT NULL, last_name VARCHAR2(50) NOT NULL, email VARCHAR2(100) UNIQUE, hire_date DATE DEFAULT SYSDATE, salary NUMBER(8, 2), department_id NUMBER(6) ); INSERT INTO employees (employee_id, first_name, last_name, email, hire_date, salary, department_id) VALUES (1, 'John', 'Doe', 'john.doe@example.com', SYSDATE, 60000.00, 1); INSERT INTO employees (employee_id, first_name, last_name, email, hire_date, salary, department_id) VALUES (2, 'Jane', 'Smith', 'jane.smith@example.com', SYSDATE, 65000.00, 2); INSERT INTO employees (employee_id, first_name, last_name, email, hire_date, salary, department_id) VALUES (3, 'Michael', 'Johnson', 'michael.johnson@example.com', SYSDATE, 70000.00, 1); INSERT INTO employees (employee_id, first_name, last_name, email, hire_date, salary, department_id) VALUES (4, 'Emily', 'Davis', 'emily.davis@example.com', SYSDATE, 72000.00, 3); INSERT INTO employees (employee_id, first_name, last_name, email, hire_date, salary, department_id) VALUES (5, 'David', 'Brown', 'david.brown@example.com', SYSDATE, 58000.00, 2); INSERT INTO employees (employee_id, first_name, last_name, email, hire_date, salary, department_id) VALUES (6, 'Sarah', 'Wilson', 'sarah.wilson@example.com', SYSDATE, 62000.00, 3); INSERT INTO employees (employee_id, first_name, last_name, email, hire_date, salary, department_id) VALUES (7, 'James', 'Taylor', 'james.taylor@example.com', SYSDATE, 64000.00, 1); INSERT INTO employees (employee_id, first_name, last_name, email, hire_date, salary, department_id) VALUES (8, 'Laura', 'Anderson', 'laura.anderson@example.com', SYSDATE, 58000.00, 2); INSERT INTO employees (employee_id, first_name, last_name, email, hire_date, salary, department_id) VALUES (9, 'Robert', 'Thomas', 'robert.thomas@example.com', SYSDATE, 69000.00, 3); INSERT INTO employees (employee_id, first_name, last_name, email, hire_date, salary, department_id) VALUES (10, 'Linda', 'Jackson', 'linda.jackson@example.com', SYSDATE, 61000.00, 1);

oracle 12c adg 部署

切换在线日志，验证归档是否正常

查询redo日志大小

查询redo日志存放路径

根据redo日志数量,添加N+1个备用日志(3+1),大小与原redo日志大小一样,否则会报错alter database add standby logfile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/stdredo01.log' size 200M;

以下为新增 （主从都要添加）

以下为新增（主从都要添加）