基于 JAVASSM（Java + Spring + Spring MVC + MyBatis）框架开发一个医院挂号系统

基于 JAVASSM（Java + Spring + Spring MVC + MyBatis）框架开发一个医院挂号系统是一个实用的项目。

步骤一：需求分析

明确系统需要实现的功能，比如：

用户注册和登录
查看医生列表
预约挂号
查看预约记录
取消预约
管理员管理医生信息和预约记录

步骤二：设计数据库

使用 MySQL 数据库存储系统数据。设计数据库表结构如下：

用户表（users）

id (INT, 主键, 自增)
username (VARCHAR)
password (VARCHAR)
email (VARCHAR)
phone (VARCHAR)

医生表（doctors）

id (INT, 主键, 自增)
name (VARCHAR)
department (VARCHAR)
introduction (TEXT)
schedule (TEXT)

预约表（appointments）

id (INT, 主键, 自增)
user_id (INT, 外键)
doctor_id (INT, 外键)
appointment_time (DATETIME)
status (VARCHAR)

步骤三：选择开发工具

使用 IntelliJ IDEA 或 Eclipse 作为开发环境。

步骤四：搭建项目结构

创建 Maven 项目。
添加必要的依赖项（Spring、Spring MVC、MyBatis、MySQL 驱动等）。

步骤五：配置文件

application.properties

properties 复制代码

spring.datasource.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/hospital_registration?useSSL=false&serverTimezone=UTC
spring.datasource.username=root
spring.datasource.password=root
spring.datasource.driver-class-name=com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver

mybatis.mapper-locations=classpath:mapper/*.xml

spring-mvc.xml

xml 复制代码

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">

    <context:component-scan base-package="com.hospital"/>
    <mvc:annotation-driven/>

    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
        <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/views/"/>
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
    </bean>

</beans>

mybatis-config.xml

xml 复制代码

<configuration>
    <mappers>
        <mapper resource="mapper/UserMapper.xml"/>
        <mapper resource="mapper/DoctorMapper.xml"/>
        <mapper resource="mapper/AppointmentMapper.xml"/>
    </mappers>
</configuration>

步骤六：编写实体类

User.java

java 复制代码

package com.hospital.entity;

public class User {
    private int id;
    private String username;
    private String password;
    private String email;
    private String phone;

    // Getters and Setters
}

Doctor.java

java 复制代码

package com.hospital.entity;

public class Doctor {
    private int id;
    private String name;
    private String department;
    private String introduction;
    private String schedule;

    // Getters and Setters
}

Appointment.java

java 复制代码

package com.hospital.entity;

import java.util.Date;

public class Appointment {
    private int id;
    private int userId;
    private int doctorId;
    private Date appointmentTime;
    private String status;

    // Getters and Setters
}

步骤七：编写 DAO 层

UserMapper.java

java 复制代码

package com.hospital.mapper;

import com.hospital.entity.User;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.*;

@Mapper
public interface UserMapper {
    @Select("SELECT * FROM users WHERE username = #{username} AND password = #{password}")
    User login(@Param("username") String username, @Param("password") String password);

    @Insert("INSERT INTO users(username, password, email, phone) VALUES(#{username}, #{password}, #{email}, #{phone})")
    @Options(useGeneratedKeys = true, keyProperty = "id")
    void register(User user);
}

DoctorMapper.java

java 复制代码

package com.hospital.mapper;

import com.hospital.entity.Doctor;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.*;

import java.util.List;

@Mapper
public interface DoctorMapper {
    @Select("SELECT * FROM doctors")
    List<Doctor> getAllDoctors();

    @Select("SELECT * FROM doctors WHERE id = #{id}")
    Doctor getDoctorById(int id);

    @Insert("INSERT INTO doctors(name, department, introduction, schedule) VALUES(#{name}, #{department}, #{introduction}, #{schedule})")
    @Options(useGeneratedKeys = true, keyProperty = "id")
    void addDoctor(Doctor doctor);

    @Update("UPDATE doctors SET name=#{name}, department=#{department}, introduction=#{introduction}, schedule=#{schedule} WHERE id=#{id}")
    void updateDoctor(Doctor doctor);

    @Delete("DELETE FROM doctors WHERE id=#{id}")
    void deleteDoctor(int id);
}

AppointmentMapper.java

java 复制代码

package com.hospital.mapper;

import com.hospital.entity.Appointment;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.*;

import java.util.List;

@Mapper
public interface AppointmentMapper {
    @Select("SELECT * FROM appointments WHERE user_id = #{userId}")
    List<Appointment> getAppointmentsByUserId(int userId);

    @Select("SELECT * FROM appointments WHERE id = #{id}")
    Appointment getAppointmentById(int id);

    @Insert("INSERT INTO appointments(user_id, doctor_id, appointment_time, status) VALUES(#{userId}, #{doctorId}, #{appointmentTime}, #{status})")
    @Options(useGeneratedKeys = true, keyProperty = "id")
    void addAppointment(Appointment appointment);

    @Update("UPDATE appointments SET appointment_time=#{appointmentTime}, status=#{status} WHERE id=#{id}")
    void updateAppointment(Appointment appointment);

    @Delete("DELETE FROM appointments WHERE id=#{id}")
    void deleteAppointment(int id);
}

步骤八：编写 Service 层

UserService.java

java 复制代码

package com.hospital.service;

import com.hospital.entity.User;
import com.hospital.mapper.UserMapper;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

@Service
public class UserService {
    @Autowired
    private UserMapper userMapper;

    public User login(String username, String password) {
        return userMapper.login(username, password);
    }

    public void register(User user) {
        userMapper.register(user);
    }
}

DoctorService.java

java 复制代码

package com.hospital.service;

import com.hospital.entity.Doctor;
import com.hospital.mapper.DoctorMapper;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

import java.util.List;

@Service
public class DoctorService {
    @Autowired
    private DoctorMapper doctorMapper;

    public List<Doctor> getAllDoctors() {
        return doctorMapper.getAllDoctors();
    }

    public Doctor getDoctorById(int id) {
        return doctorMapper.getDoctorById(id);
    }

    public void addDoctor(Doctor doctor) {
        doctorMapper.addDoctor(doctor);
    }

    public void updateDoctor(Doctor doctor) {
        doctorMapper.updateDoctor(doctor);
    }

    public void deleteDoctor(int id) {
        doctorMapper.deleteDoctor(id);
    }
}

AppointmentService.java

java 复制代码

package com.hospital.service;

import com.hospital.entity.Appointment;
import com.hospital.mapper.AppointmentMapper;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

import java.util.List;

@Service
public class AppointmentService {
    @Autowired
    private AppointmentMapper appointmentMapper;

    public List<Appointment> getAppointmentsByUserId(int userId) {
        return appointmentMapper.getAppointmentsByUserId(userId);
    }

    public Appointment getAppointmentById(int id) {
        return appointmentMapper.getAppointmentById(id);
    }

    public void addAppointment(Appointment appointment) {
        appointmentMapper.addAppointment(appointment);
    }

    public void updateAppointment(Appointment appointment) {
        appointmentMapper.updateAppointment(appointment);
    }

    public void deleteAppointment(int id) {
        appointmentMapper.deleteAppointment(id);
    }
}

步骤九：编写 Controller 层

UserController.java

java 复制代码

package com.hospital.controller;

import com.hospital.entity.User;
import com.hospital.service.UserService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;

@Controller
public class UserController {
    @Autowired
    private UserService userService;

    @GetMapping("/login")
    public String showLoginForm() {
        return "login";
    }

    @PostMapping("/login")
    public String handleLogin(@RequestParam("username") String username, @RequestParam("password") String password, Model model) {
        User user = userService.login(username, password);
        if (user != null) {
            model.addAttribute("user", user);
            return "redirect:/doctors";
        } else {
            model.addAttribute("error", "Invalid username or password");
            return "login";
        }
    }

    @GetMapping("/register")
    public String showRegisterForm() {
        return "register";
    }

    @PostMapping("/register")
    public String handleRegister(User user) {
        userService.register(user);
        return "redirect:/login";
    }
}

DoctorController.java

java 复制代码

package com.hospital.controller;

import com.hospital.entity.Doctor;
import com.hospital.service.DoctorService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;

import java.util.List;

@Controller
public class DoctorController {
    @Autowired
    private DoctorService doctorService;

    @GetMapping("/doctors")
    public String showDoctors(Model model) {
        List<Doctor> doctors = doctorService.getAllDoctors();
        model.addAttribute("doctors", doctors);
        return "doctors";
    }

    @GetMapping("/doctor/{id}")
    public String showDoctorDetails(@RequestParam("id") int id, Model model) {
        Doctor doctor = doctorService.getDoctorById(id);
        model.addAttribute("doctor", doctor);
        return "doctorDetails";
    }

    @GetMapping("/addDoctor")
    public String showAddDoctorForm() {
        return "addDoctor";
    }

    @PostMapping("/addDoctor")
    public String handleAddDoctor(Doctor doctor) {
        doctorService.addDoctor(doctor);
        return "redirect:/doctors";
    }

    @GetMapping("/editDoctor/{id}")
    public String showEditDoctorForm(@RequestParam("id") int id, Model model) {
        Doctor doctor = doctorService.getDoctorById(id);
        model.addAttribute("doctor", doctor);
        return "editDoctor";
    }

    @PostMapping("/editDoctor")
    public String handleEditDoctor(Doctor doctor) {
        doctorService.updateDoctor(doctor);
        return "redirect:/doctors";
    }

    @GetMapping("/deleteDoctor/{id}")
    public String handleDeleteDoctor(@RequestParam("id") int id) {
        doctorService.deleteDoctor(id);
        return "redirect:/doctors";
    }
}

AppointmentController.java

java 复制代码

package com.hospital.controller;

import com.hospital.entity.Appointment;
import com.hospital.entity.Doctor;
import com.hospital.service.AppointmentService;
import com.hospital.service.DoctorService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;

import java.util.Date;
import java.util.List;

@Controller
public class AppointmentController {
    @Autowired
    private AppointmentService appointmentService;

    @Autowired
    private DoctorService doctorService;

    @GetMapping("/appointments")
    public String showAppointments(@RequestParam("userId") int userId, Model model) {
        List<Appointment> appointments = appointmentService.getAppointmentsByUserId(userId);
        model.addAttribute("appointments", appointments);
        return "appointments";
    }

    @GetMapping("/makeAppointment")
    public String showMakeAppointmentForm(@RequestParam("userId") int userId, Model model) {
        List<Doctor> doctors = doctorService.getAllDoctors();
        model.addAttribute("doctors", doctors);
        model.addAttribute("userId", userId);
        return "makeAppointment";
    }

    @PostMapping("/makeAppointment")
    public String handleMakeAppointment(@RequestParam("userId") int userId, @RequestParam("doctorId") int doctorId,
                                        @RequestParam("appointmentTime") String appointmentTime) {
        Appointment appointment = new Appointment();
        appointment.setUserId(userId);
        appointment.setDoctorId(doctorId);
        appointment.setAppointmentTime(new Date());
        appointment.setStatus("Pending");
        appointmentService.addAppointment(appointment);
        return "redirect:/appointments?userId=" + userId;
    }

    @GetMapping("/cancelAppointment/{id}")
    public String handleCancelAppointment(@RequestParam("id") int id, @RequestParam("userId") int userId) {
        appointmentService.deleteAppointment(id);
        return "redirect:/appointments?userId=" + userId;
    }
}

步骤十：前端页面

使用 JSP 创建前端页面。以下是简单的 JSP 示例：

jsp 复制代码

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Login</title>
</head>
<body>
<h2>Login</h2>
<form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/login" method="post">
    Username: <input type="text" name="username"><br>
    Password: <input type="password" name="password"><br>
    <input type="submit" value="Login">
</form>
<c:if test="${not empty error}">
    <p style="color: red">${error}</p>
</c:if>
</body>
</html>

doctors.jsp

jsp 复制代码

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<%@ taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" prefix="c" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Doctors</title>
</head>
<body>
<h2>Doctors</h2>
<table>
    <tr>
        <th>Name</th>
        <th>Department</th>
        <th>Introduction</th>
        <th>Schedule</th>
        <th>Action</th>
    </tr>
    <c:forEach items="${doctors}" var="doctor">
        <tr>
            <td>${doctor.name}</td>
            <td>${doctor.department}</td>
            <td>${doctor.introduction}</td>
            <td>${doctor.schedule}</td>
            <td>
                <a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/doctor/${doctor.id}">View</a>
                <a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/editDoctor/${doctor.id}">Edit</a>
                <a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/deleteDoctor/${doctor.id}">Delete</a>
            </td>
        </tr>
    </c:forEach>
</table>
<a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/addDoctor">Add New Doctor</a>
</body>
</html>

makeAppointment.jsp

jsp 复制代码

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<%@ taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" prefix="c" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Make Appointment</title>
</head>
<body>
<h2>Make Appointment</h2>
<form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/makeAppointment" method="post">
    <input type="hidden" name="userId" value="${userId}">
    Doctor:
    <select name="doctorId">
        <c:forEach items="${doctors}" var="doctor">
            <option value="${doctor.id}">${doctor.name} (${doctor.department})</option>
        </c:forEach>
    </select><br>
    Appointment Time: <input type="datetime-local" name="appointmentTime"><br>
    <input type="submit" value="Make Appointment">
</form>
</body>
</html>

步骤十一：测试与调试

对每个功能进行详细测试，确保所有功能都能正常工作。

基于 JAVASSM（Java + Spring + Spring MVC + MyBatis）框架开发一个医院挂号系统

步骤一：需求分析

步骤二：设计数据库

用户表（users）

医生表（doctors）

预约表（appointments）

步骤三：选择开发工具

步骤四：搭建项目结构

步骤五：配置文件

application.properties

spring-mvc.xml

mybatis-config.xml

步骤六：编写实体类

User.java

Doctor.java

Appointment.java

步骤七：编写 DAO 层

UserMapper.java

DoctorMapper.java

AppointmentMapper.java

步骤八：编写 Service 层

UserService.java

DoctorService.java

AppointmentService.java

步骤九：编写 Controller 层

UserController.java

DoctorController.java

AppointmentController.java

步骤十：前端页面

login.jsp

doctors.jsp

makeAppointment.jsp

步骤十一：测试与调试

步骤十二：部署与发布