字段类型:Text v.s Keyword
● Text
- ⽤于全⽂本字段,⽂本会被 Analyzer 分词
- 默认不⽀持聚合分析及排序。需要设置 fielddata 为 true
● Keyword
- ⽤于 id,枚举及不需要分词的⽂本。例如电话号码,email地址,⼿机号码,邮政编码,性别等
- 适⽤于 Filter(精确匹配),Sorting 和 Aggregations
● 设置多字段类型
- 默认会为⽂本类型设置成 text,并且设置⼀个 keyword 的⼦字段
- 在处理⼈类语⾔时,通过增加"英⽂","拼⾳"和"标准"分词器,提⾼搜索结构
字段类型 :结构化数据
● 数值类型
- 尽量选择贴近的类型。例如可以⽤ byte,就不要⽤ long
● 枚举类型
- 设置为 keyword。即便是数字,也应该设置成 keyword,获取更加好的性能
● 其他
- ⽇期 / 布尔 / 地理信息
检索
● 如不需要检索,排序和聚合分析
Enable 设置成 false
● 如不需要检索
Index 设置成 false ,无法检索,依然能聚合
● 对需要检索的字段,可以通过如下配置,设定存储粒度
Index_options / Norms :不需要归⼀化数据时,可以关闭
聚合及排序
● 如不需要检索,排序和聚合分析
Enable 设置成 false
● 如不需要排序或者聚合分析功能
Doc_values / fielddata 设置成 false
● 更新频繁,聚合查询频繁的 keyword 类型的字段
推荐将 eager_global_ordinals 设置为 true
额外的存储
● 是否需要专⻔存储当前字段数据
Store 设置成 true,可以存储该字段的原始内容
⼀般结合 _source 的 enabled 为 false 时候使⽤
● Disable _source:节约磁盘;适⽤于指标型数据
⼀般建议先考虑增加压缩⽐
⽆法看到 _source字段,⽆法做 ReIndex,⽆法做Update
Kibana 中⽆法做 discovery
避免过多字段
● ⼀个⽂档中,最好避免⼤量的字段
- 过多的字段数不容易维护
- Mapping 信息保存在 Cluster State 中,数据量过⼤,对集群性能会有影响 (Cluster State 信息需要和所有的节点同步)
- 删除或者修改数据需要 reindex
● 默认最⼤字段数是 1000,可以设置 index.mapping.total_fields.limt 限定最⼤字段数。
● 什么原因会导致⽂档中有成百上千的字段?
Dynamic v.s Strict
● Dynamic(⽣产环境中,尽量不要打开 Dynamic)
- true - 未知字段会被⾃动加⼊
- false - 新字段不会被索引。但是会保存在 _source
- strict - 新增字段不会被索引,⽂档写⼊失败
● Strict
- 可以控制到字段级别
通过 Nested 对象保存 Key/Value 的⼀些不⾜
● 可以减少字段数量,解决 Cluster State 中保存过多 Meta 信息的问题,但是
- 导致查询语句复杂度增加
- Nested 对象,不利于在 Kibana 中实现可视化分析
实现Filter 过滤,避免正则查询。
⼤⼤提升性能
避免空值引起的聚合不准
使⽤ Null_Value 解决空值的问题
为索引的 Mapping 加⼊ Meta 信息
● Mappings 设置⾮常重要,需要从两个维度进⾏考虑
- 功能:搜索,聚合,排序
- 性能:存储的开销;内存的开销;搜索的性能
● Mappings 设置是⼀个迭代的过程
-
加⼊新的字段很容易(必要时需要 update_by_query)
-
更新删除字段不允许(需要 Reindex 重建数据)
-
最好能对 Mappings 加⼊ Meta 信息,更好的进⾏版本管理
-
可以考虑将 Mapping ⽂件上传 git 进⾏管理
Index 一本书的信息
PUT books/_doc/1
{
"title":"Mastering ElasticSearch 5.0",
"description":"Master the searching, indexing, and aggregation features in ElasticSearch Improve users' search experience with Elasticsearch's functionalities and develop your own Elasticsearch plugins",
"author":"Bharvi Dixit",
"public_date":"2017",
"cover_url":"https://images-na.ssl-images-amazon.com/images/I/51OeaMFxcML.jpg"
}#查询自动创建的Mapping
GET books/_mappingDELETE books
#优化字段类型
PUT books
{
"mappings" : {
"properties" : {
"author" : {"type" : "keyword"},
"cover_url" : {"type" : "keyword","index": false},
"description" : {"type" : "text"},
"public_date" : {"type" : "date"},
"title" : {
"type" : "text",
"fields" : {
"keyword" : {
"type" : "keyword",
"ignore_above" : 100
}
}
}
}
}
}#Cover URL index 设置成false,无法对该字段进行搜索
POST books/_search
{
"query": {
"term": {
"cover_url": {
"value": "https://images-na.ssl-images-amazon.com/images/I/51OeaMFxcML.jpg"
}
}
}
}#Cover URL index 设置成false,依然支持聚合分析
POST books/_search
{
"aggs": {
"cover": {
"terms": {
"field": "cover_url",
"size": 10
}
}
}
}DELETE books
#新增 Content字段。数据量很大。选择将Source 关闭
PUT books
{
"mappings" : {
"_source": {"enabled": false},
"properties" : {
"author" : {"type" : "keyword","store": true},
"cover_url" : {"type" : "keyword","index": false,"store": true},
"description" : {"type" : "text","store": true},
"content" : {"type" : "text","store": true},
"public_date" : {"type" : "date","store": true},
"title" : {
"type" : "text",
"fields" : {
"keyword" : {
"type" : "keyword",
"ignore_above" : 100
}
},
"store": true
}
}
}
}Index 一本书的信息,包含Content
PUT books/_doc/1
{
"title":"Mastering ElasticSearch 5.0",
"description":"Master the searching, indexing, and aggregation features in ElasticSearch Improve users' search experience with Elasticsearch's functionalities and develop your own Elasticsearch plugins",
"content":"The content of the book......Indexing data, aggregation, searching. something else. something in the way............",
"author":"Bharvi Dixit",
"public_date":"2017",
"cover_url":"https://images-na.ssl-images-amazon.com/images/I/51OeaMFxcML.jpg"
}#查询结果中,Source不包含数据
POST books/_search
{}#搜索,通过store 字段显示数据,同时高亮显示 conent的内容
POST books/_search
{
"stored_fields": ["title","author","public_date"],
"query": {
"match": {
"content": "searching"
}
},"highlight": { "fields": { "content":{} } }
}
Cookie Service
##索引数据,dynamic mapping 会不断加入新增字段
PUT cookie_service/_doc/1
{
"url":"www.google.com",
"cookies":{
"username":"tom",
"age":32
}
}PUT cookie_service/_doc/2
{
"url":"www.amazon.com",
"cookies":{
"login":"2019-01-01",
"email":"xyz@abc.com"
}
}DELETE cookie_service
#使用 Nested 对象,增加key/value
PUT cookie_service
{
"mappings": {
"properties": {
"cookies": {
"type": "nested",
"properties": {
"name": {
"type": "keyword"
},
"dateValue": {
"type": "date"
},
"keywordValue": {
"type": "keyword"
},
"IntValue": {
"type": "integer"
}
}
},
"url": {
"type": "text",
"fields": {
"keyword": {
"type": "keyword",
"ignore_above": 256
}
}
}
}
}
}##写入数据,使用key和合适类型的value字段
PUT cookie_service/_doc/1
{
"url":"www.google.com",
"cookies":[
{
"name":"username",
"keywordValue":"tom"
},
{
"name":"age",
"intValue":32} ]
}
PUT cookie_service/_doc/2
{
"url":"www.amazon.com",
"cookies":[
{
"name":"login",
"dateValue":"2019-01-01"
},
{
"name":"email",
"IntValue":32} ]
}
Nested 查询,通过bool查询进行过滤
POST cookie_service/_search
{
"query": {
"nested": {
"path": "cookies",
"query": {
"bool": {
"filter": [
{
"term": {
"cookies.name": "age"
}},
{
"range":{
"cookies.intValue":{
"gte":30
}
}
}
]
}
}
}
}
}在Mapping中加入元信息,便于管理
PUT softwares/
{
"mappings": {
"_meta": {
"software_version_mapping": "1.0"
}
}
}GET softwares/_mapping
PUT softwares/_doc/1
{
"software_version":"7.1.0"
}DELETE softwares
优化,使用inner object
PUT softwares/
{
"mappings": {
"_meta": {
"software_version_mapping": "1.1"
},
"properties": {
"version": {
"properties": {
"display_name": {
"type": "keyword"
},
"hot_fix": {
"type": "byte"
},
"marjor": {
"type": "byte"
},
"minor": {
"type": "byte"
}
}
}
}
}
}#通过 Inner Object 写入多个文档
PUT softwares/_doc/1
{
"version":{
"display_name":"7.1.0",
"marjor":7,
"minor":1,
"hot_fix":0
}}
PUT softwares/_doc/2
{
"version":{
"display_name":"7.2.0",
"marjor":7,
"minor":2,
"hot_fix":0
}
}PUT softwares/_doc/3
{
"version":{
"display_name":"7.2.1",
"marjor":7,
"minor":2,
"hot_fix":1
}
}通过 bool 查询,
POST softwares/_search
{
"query": {
"bool": {
"filter": [
{
"match":{
"version.marjor":7
}
},
{
"match":{
"version.minor":2
}
}] } }
}
DELETE ratings
Not Null 解决聚合的问题
PUT ratings
{
"mappings": {
"properties": {
"rating": {
"type": "float",
"null_value": 1.0
}
}
}
}PUT ratings/_doc/1
{
"rating":5
}PUT ratings/_doc/2
{
"rating":null
}POST ratings/_search
POST ratings/_search
{
"size": 0,
"aggs": {
"avg": {
"avg": {
"field": "rating"
}
}
}
}POST ratings/_search
{
"query": {
"term": {
"rating": {
"value": 1
}
}
}
}