这是用Python做到截图工具，不过由于使用了ctypes调用了Windows的API, 同时访问了Windows中"C:/Windows/Cursors/"中的.cur光标样式文件, 这个工具只适用于Windows环境；
如果要提升其跨平台性的话，需要考虑替换ctypes的一些专属于Windows的API 以及设置不同的.cur访问方式 ；
该模块只使用了PIL这一个第三方库，和别的使用pygame\pyautogui等模块不同，该工具着重强调轻量化，无关或没必要使用的库尽可能不使用。
目前模块尚未完成，只包含了基本的截图时调整大小，保存，翻页查看不同截图这些简单功能；后续会继续完善，但当前模块的可用性已足够，且代码经过重构，具备一定的可读性以及可拓展性。
完整代码如下，单文件，自行安装PIL模块，在Windows环境上运行。
python
import ctypes
import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import messagebox, filedialog
from PIL import ImageGrab, ImageTk
ScaleFactor = ctypes.windll.shcore.GetScaleFactorForDevice(0)
ctypes.windll.shcore.SetProcessDpiAwareness(1)
class FlatButton(tk.Label):
def __init__(
self, parent, command, enter_fg="#000000",
click_color="#25C253", *args, **kwargs
):
super().__init__(parent, *args, **kwargs)
self.__fg = fg = kwargs.get("fg", "#474747")
self.__enter_fg = enter_fg
self.__click_fg = click_color
self.command = command
self.config(cursor="hand2")
self.bind("<Enter>", lambda _: self.config(fg=enter_fg))
self.bind("<Leave>", lambda _: self.config(fg=fg))
self.bind("<Button-1>", lambda _: self.config(fg=click_color))
self.bind("<ButtonRelease-1>", self.__command)
if fg == enter_fg:
raise ValueError("enter_fg must be different from fg")
def __command(self, event):
try:
if self.cget("fg") in (self.__enter_fg, self.__click_fg):
self.command(event)
self.config(fg=self.__fg)
except tk.TclError:
# Button have been destroy.
pass
class AdjustableRect(object):
"""
The judgement seq is so important that you must care about:
(right, bottom), (left, top), (right, top), (left, bottom),
(center_x, top), (center_x, bottom), (left, center_y, ), (right, center_y)
"""
ANCHOR_SIZE = 3
ANCHOR_HOVER_DISTANCE = 20
CURSOR_FILES_NAME = ["aero_nwse_l.cur", "aero_nesw_l.cur", "aero_ns_l.cur", "aero_ew_l.cur"]
CURSOR_FILES = [f"@C:/Windows/Cursors/{cursor_file}" for cursor_file in CURSOR_FILES_NAME]
CURSORS = [
CURSOR_FILES[0], CURSOR_FILES[0], CURSOR_FILES[1], CURSOR_FILES[1],
CURSOR_FILES[2], CURSOR_FILES[2], CURSOR_FILES[3], CURSOR_FILES[3],
"fleur", "arrow"
]
def __init__(self, parent, screenshot):
self.parent: tk.Canvas = parent
self.screenshot: ScreenshotUtils = screenshot
self.__rect: int = 0
self.__anchors: list[int] = []
self.anchor_id: int = 0
def rect_coords(self) -> tuple[int, int, int, int]:
try:
return self.parent.coords(self.__rect)
except tk.TclError:
return [
min(self.screenshot.start_x, self.screenshot.end_x),
min(self.screenshot.start_y, self.screenshot.end_y),
max(self.screenshot.start_x, self.screenshot.end_x),
max(self.screenshot.start_y, self.screenshot.end_y)
]
def anchor_coords(self) -> tuple[int, int, int, int]:
left, top, right, bottom = self.rect_coords()
horizontal_middle = (left + right) // 2
vertical_middle = (top + bottom) // 2
return (
(left, top), (horizontal_middle, top), (right, top), (right, vertical_middle),
(right, bottom), (horizontal_middle, bottom), (left, bottom), (left, vertical_middle)
)
def get_anchor(self, event) -> int:
cls = self.__class__
left, top, right, bottom = self.rect_coords()
center_x, center_y = (left + right) // 2, (top + bottom) // 2
def near(actual, target):
return abs(actual - target) < cls.ANCHOR_HOVER_DISTANCE
# 务必注意这个判断顺序，这与后面rect_adjust密切相关
judgement_pos = (
(right, bottom), (left, top), (right, top), (left, bottom),
(center_x, top), (center_x, bottom), (left, center_y, ), (right, center_y)
)
for index, pos in enumerate(judgement_pos):
if near(event.x, pos[0]) and near(event.y, pos[1]):
return index
if left < event.x < right and top < event.y < bottom:
return 8
return -1
def create_anchors(self):
cls = self.__class__
for coord in self.anchor_coords():
anchor = self.parent.create_rectangle(
coord[0]-cls.ANCHOR_SIZE, coord[1]-cls.ANCHOR_SIZE,
coord[0]+cls.ANCHOR_SIZE, coord[1]+cls.ANCHOR_SIZE,
fill="#1AAE1A", outline="#1AAE1A"
)
self.__anchors.append(anchor)
def move_anchors(self):
cls = self.__class__
for anchor, coord in zip(self.__anchors, self.anchor_coords()):
self.parent.coords(
anchor, coord[0]-cls.ANCHOR_SIZE, coord[1]-2,
coord[0]+cls.ANCHOR_SIZE, coord[1]+cls.ANCHOR_SIZE
)
def on_press(self, event):
self.screenshot.start_x = event.x
self.screenshot.start_y = event.y
self.__rect= self.parent.create_rectangle(self.screenshot.start_x, self.screenshot.start_y, self.screenshot.start_x, self.screenshot.start_y, outline='#1AAE1A', width=2)
self.create_anchors()
def on_release(self, _):
self.screenshot.start_x, self.screenshot.start_y,\
self.screenshot.end_x, self.screenshot.end_y = self.rect_coords()
def on_hover(self, event):
self.anchor_id = self.get_anchor(event)
cursor = self.CURSORS[self.anchor_id]
self.parent.config(cursor=cursor)
def move_rect(self, event):
offset_x = event.x - self.screenshot.move_start_x
offset_y = event.y - self.screenshot.move_start_y
self.screenshot.start_x += offset_x
self.screenshot.start_y += offset_y
self.screenshot.end_x += offset_x
self.screenshot.end_y += offset_y
self.screenshot.move_start_x = event.x
self.screenshot.move_start_y = event.y
self.parent.coords(self.__rect, self.screenshot.start_x, self.screenshot.start_y, self.screenshot.end_x, self.screenshot.end_y)
self.move_anchors()
def rect_adjust(self, event):
if self.anchor_id == 8:
return self.move_rect(event)
if self.anchor_id == 0:
self.screenshot.end_x, self.screenshot.end_y = event.x, event.y
elif self.anchor_id == 1:
self.screenshot.start_x, self.screenshot.start_y = event.x, event.y
elif self.anchor_id == 2:
self.screenshot.end_x, self.screenshot.start_y = event.x, event.y
elif self.anchor_id == 3:
self.screenshot.start_x, self.screenshot.end_y = event.x, event.y
elif self.anchor_id == 4:
self.screenshot.start_y = event.y
elif self.anchor_id == 5:
self.screenshot.end_y = event.y
elif self.anchor_id == 6:
self.screenshot.start_x = event.x
elif self.anchor_id == 7:
self.screenshot.end_x = event.x
else:
return
self.parent.coords(self.__rect, self.screenshot.start_x, self.screenshot.start_y, self.screenshot.end_x, self.screenshot.end_y)
self.move_anchors()
class ScreenshotUtils(object):
"""
截图的关键是坐标；这个类管理着图片的引用和截图坐标；
"""
def TkS(value) -> int:
return int(ScaleFactor/100*value)
ZOOM: int = 4
ZOOM_WIDTH: float = TkS(28.75)
ZOOM_SCREEN_SIZE: int = int(ZOOM_WIDTH*ZOOM)
MAGNIFIER_OFFSET: int = 36
AJUST_BAR_WIDTH: int = TkS(100)
# 截图相关变量
def __init__(self):
self.start_x = self.start_y = self.end_x = self.end_y = 0
self.move_start_x = self.move_start_y = self.move_end_x = self.move_end_y = 0
self.current_image = None
self.pixel_reader = None
self.final_images = list()
# 这种是只移动但不改变大小和内容的控件，只需移动无需重绘
self.screenshot_move_widget = list()
# 这种是移动和改变大小的控件，需要实时重绘
self.screenshot_redraw_widget = list()
@staticmethod
def TkS(value) -> int:
return int(ScaleFactor/100*value)
@classmethod
def move_widget_coords(cls, x, y) -> list[tuple[int, int, int, int]]:
# 按照主框架，水平线，垂直线的顺序返回坐标
magnifier_x = x+cls.MAGNIFIER_OFFSET
magnifier_y = y+cls.MAGNIFIER_OFFSET
main_frame_coord = (
magnifier_x, magnifier_y,
magnifier_x+cls.ZOOM_SCREEN_SIZE,
magnifier_y+cls.ZOOM_SCREEN_SIZE
)
horrontal_line_coord = (
magnifier_x, magnifier_y+cls.ZOOM_SCREEN_SIZE // 2,
magnifier_x+cls.ZOOM_SCREEN_SIZE,
magnifier_y+cls.ZOOM_SCREEN_SIZE // 2
)
vertical_line_coord = (
magnifier_x+cls.ZOOM_SCREEN_SIZE // 2, magnifier_y,
magnifier_x+cls.ZOOM_SCREEN_SIZE // 2,
magnifier_y+cls.ZOOM_SCREEN_SIZE
)
coords = [main_frame_coord, horrontal_line_coord, vertical_line_coord]
return coords
def redraw_widget_coords(self, x, y) -> list[tuple]:
# 按照"长 × 宽"、"放大镜图像"、"POS标签"、"RGB标签"的顺序返回坐标
offset = self.__class__.MAGNIFIER_OFFSET
width_height_info = (min(self.start_x, self.end_x), min(self.start_y, self.end_y) - 40)
magnifier_coord = (x + offset, y + offset)
pos_info = (x + offset, y + offset+self.__class__.ZOOM_SCREEN_SIZE + 10)
rgb_info = (x + offset, y + offset+self.__class__.ZOOM_SCREEN_SIZE + 47)
coords = [width_height_info, magnifier_coord, pos_info, rgb_info]
return coords
class MainUI(tk.Tk):
def __init__(self):
super().__init__()
self.screenshot = ScreenshotUtils()
self.set_window()
self.menu_bar: tk.Frame = self.set_menubar()
self.cut_btn: tk.Label = self.set_cut_btn()
self.save_btn: tk.Label = self.set_save_btn()
self.turn_left_btn: tk.Label = self.set_turn_left_btn()
self.turn_right_btn: tk.Label = self.set_turn_right_btn()
self.show_image_canvas: tk.Canvas = self.set_show_image_canvas()
self.adjust_rect: AdjustableRect = None
self.pos_label: tk.Label = None
self.rgb_label: tk.Label = None
self.adjust_bar: tk.Frame = None
def set_window(self):
self.title("截图工具")
self.geometry(f"{self.screenshot.TkS(240)}x{self.screenshot.TkS(30)}")
def set_menubar(self) -> tk.Frame:
menubar = tk.Frame(self, bg="#FFFFFF", height=30)
menubar.pack(fill=tk.X)
return menubar
def set_cut_btn(self) -> tk.Label:
btn_cut = FlatButton(
self.menu_bar, self.start_capture, text="✂",
bg="#FFFFFF", font=("Segoe UI Emoji", 18),
)
btn_cut.pack(side=tk.LEFT, padx=5)
return btn_cut
def set_save_btn(self) -> tk.Label:
btn_save = FlatButton(
self.menu_bar, self.save_image, text="💾",
bg="#FFFFFF", font=("Segoe UI Emoji", 18),
)
btn_save.pack(side=tk.LEFT, padx=5)
return btn_save
def set_turn_left_btn(self) -> tk.Label:
turn_left_btn = FlatButton(
self.menu_bar, self.turn_page, text="\u25C0",
bg="#FFFFFF", font=("Segoe UI Emoji", 18),
)
turn_left_btn.pack(side=tk.LEFT, padx=5)
return turn_left_btn
def set_turn_right_btn(self) -> tk.Label:
turn_page_btn = FlatButton(
self.menu_bar, self.turn_page, text="\u25B6",
bg="#FFFFFF", font=("Segoe UI Emoji", 18),
)
turn_page_btn.pack(side=tk.LEFT, padx=5)
return turn_page_btn
def set_cancel_btn(self, parent) -> tk.Label:
cancel_btn = FlatButton(
parent, self.clear_capture_info, text="×", bg="#FFFFFF",
enter_fg="#DB1A21",fg="#CC181F", font=("微软雅黑", 18)
)
cancel_btn.pack(side=tk.RIGHT, padx=5)
return cancel_btn
def set_confirm_btn(self, parent) -> tk.Label:
confirm_btn = FlatButton(
parent, self.confirm_capture, fg="#23B34C", text="√",
enter_fg="#27C956", bg="#FFFFFF", font=("微软雅黑", 18)
)
return confirm_btn
def set_show_image_canvas(self) -> tk.Canvas:
canvas = tk.Canvas(self, bg="white")
return canvas
def set_adjust_bar(self) -> tk.Frame:
self.adjust_bar = tk.Frame(self.full_screenshot_canvas, bg="#FFFFFF", height=50)
cancel_btn = self.set_cancel_btn(self.adjust_bar)
confirm_btn = self.set_confirm_btn(self.adjust_bar)
cancel_btn.pack(side=tk.RIGHT, padx=5)
confirm_btn.pack(side=tk.RIGHT, padx=10)
def set_magnifier_frame(self, event) -> None:
initial_coord = (0, 0, 0, 0)
main_frame_id = self.full_screenshot_canvas.create_rectangle(*initial_coord, outline='#1AAE1A', width=1)
horrontal_line = self.full_screenshot_canvas.create_line(*initial_coord, fill="#1AAE1A", width=2)
vertical_line = self.full_screenshot_canvas.create_line(*initial_coord, fill="#1AAE1A", width=2)
self.screenshot.screenshot_move_widget = [main_frame_id, horrontal_line, vertical_line]
event.x = event.x + event.widget.winfo_rootx()
event.y = event.y + event.widget.winfo_rooty()
self.update_magnifier(event)
def set_full_screenshot_canvas(self, parent) -> tk.Canvas:
img = ImageGrab.grab()
self.screenshot.current_image = img
self.screenshot.pixel_reader = img.convert("RGB")
photo = ImageTk.PhotoImage(img)
full_screenshot_canvas = tk.Canvas(parent, bg="white")
full_screenshot_canvas.create_image(0, 0, anchor=tk.NW, image=photo)
full_screenshot_canvas.image = photo
full_screenshot_canvas.pack(fill=tk.BOTH, expand=True)
return full_screenshot_canvas
def set_pos_rgb_label(self, parent) -> tk.Label:
label = tk.Label(parent, bg="#000000", font=("微软雅黑", 8), fg="#ffffff")
return label
class ScreenshotTool(MainUI):
def __init__(self):
super().__init__()
self.page_index = 0
def start_capture(self, event):
self.attributes('-alpha', 0)
self.update()
self.capture_win = tk.Toplevel()
self.capture_win.geometry(f"{self.winfo_screenwidth()}x{self.winfo_screenheight()}+0+0")
self.capture_win.overrideredirect(True)
self.full_screenshot_canvas = self.set_full_screenshot_canvas(self.capture_win)
self.pos_label = self.set_pos_rgb_label(self.full_screenshot_canvas)
self.rgb_label = self.set_pos_rgb_label(self.full_screenshot_canvas)
self.adjust_rect = AdjustableRect(self.full_screenshot_canvas, self.screenshot)
self.set_magnifier_frame(event)
self.set_adjust_bar()
self.full_screenshot_canvas.bind("<Button-1>", self.on_press)
self.full_screenshot_canvas.bind("<Motion>", self.update_magnifier)
self.full_screenshot_canvas.bind("<ButtonRelease-1>", self.on_release)
def on_press(self, event):
self.adjust_rect.on_press(event)
self.full_screenshot_canvas.unbind("<Motion>")
self.full_screenshot_canvas.bind("<Motion>", self.on_drag)
def on_drag(self, event):
self.adjust_rect.rect_adjust(event)
self.update_magnifier(event)
def on_release(self, event, resize=True):
self.unbind_all()
self.adjust_rect.on_release(event)
self.full_screenshot_canvas.config(cursor=self.adjust_rect.CURSOR_FILES[0])
self.full_screenshot_canvas.bind("<Button-1>", self.start_move)
self.full_screenshot_canvas.bind("<Motion>", self.adjust_rect.on_hover)
self.adjust_bar.place(x=self.screenshot.end_x - 300, y=self.screenshot.end_y + 10, width=300)
if resize:
self.screenshot.end_x, self.screenshot.end_y = event.x, event.y
def unbind_all(self):
events = ("<Button-1>", "<Motion>", "<ButtonRelease-1>")
for event in events:
self.full_screenshot_canvas.unbind(event)
def update_magnifier(self, event):
x, y = event.x, event.y
size = ScreenshotUtils.ZOOM_WIDTH
img = self.screenshot.current_image.crop((x - size//2, y - size//2, x + size//2, y + size//2))
img = img.resize((ScreenshotUtils.ZOOM_SCREEN_SIZE, ScreenshotUtils.ZOOM_SCREEN_SIZE))
photo = ImageTk.PhotoImage(img)
self.full_screenshot_canvas.image2 = photo
w, h = abs(self.screenshot.end_x - self.screenshot.start_x), abs(self.screenshot.end_y - self.screenshot.start_y)
for redraw_widget in self.screenshot.screenshot_redraw_widget:
self.full_screenshot_canvas.delete(redraw_widget)
self.screenshot.screenshot_redraw_widget.clear()
redraw_widget_coords = self.screenshot.redraw_widget_coords(x, y)
width_height_info, magnifier_coord, pos_info, rgb_info = redraw_widget_coords
wh_info_widget = self.full_screenshot_canvas.create_text(*width_height_info, anchor=tk.NW, fill="white", text=f"{w} × {h}")
zoom_img = self.full_screenshot_canvas.create_image(*magnifier_coord, anchor=tk.NW, image=photo)
self.pos_label.config(text=f"POS: ({x}, {y})")
self.rgb_label.config(text=f"RGB: {self.screenshot.pixel_reader.getpixel((x, y))}")
self.pos_label.place(x=pos_info[0], y=pos_info[1])
self.rgb_label.place(x=rgb_info[0], y=rgb_info[1])
self.screenshot.screenshot_redraw_widget = [wh_info_widget, zoom_img]
self.update_magnifier_frame(x, y)
def update_magnifier_frame(self, x: int, y: int) -> None:
coords = self.screenshot.move_widget_coords(x, y)
for widget, coord in zip(self.screenshot.screenshot_move_widget, coords):
self.full_screenshot_canvas.coords(widget, *coord)
self.full_screenshot_canvas.tag_raise(widget)
def start_move(self, event):
self.screenshot.move_start_x = event.x
self.screenshot.move_start_y = event.y
self.adjust_bar.place_forget()
self.pos_label.place_forget()
self.rgb_label.place_forget()
for widget in self.screenshot.screenshot_redraw_widget:
self.full_screenshot_canvas.delete(widget)
for widget in self.screenshot.screenshot_move_widget:
self.full_screenshot_canvas.tag_lower(widget)
self.full_screenshot_canvas.bind("<B1-Motion>", self.adjust_rect.rect_adjust)
self.full_screenshot_canvas.bind("<ButtonRelease-1>", lambda e: self.on_release(e, False))
def clear_capture_info(self, _):
self.capture_win.destroy()
self.full_screenshot_canvas.destroy()
self.attributes('-alpha', 1)
self.screenshot.screenshot_move_widget.clear()
def confirm_capture(self, event):
self.clear_capture_info(event)
x1, y1, x2, y2 = self.adjust_rect.rect_coords()
image = self.screenshot.current_image.crop((x1, y1, x2, y2))
result = self.show_image(image)
self.screenshot.final_images.append(result)
self.page_index = len(self.screenshot.final_images) - 1
self.attributes('-topmost', 1)
def show_image(self, image):
self.geometry(f"{max(image.width, ScreenshotUtils.TkS(240))}x{image.height+self.menu_bar.winfo_height()}")
photo = ImageTk.PhotoImage(image)
self.show_image_canvas.config(width=image.width, height=image.height)
self.show_image_canvas.delete("all")
self.show_image_canvas.create_image(0, 0, anchor=tk.NW, image=photo)
self.show_image_canvas.image = photo
self.show_image_canvas.pack()
return image
def save_image(self, _):
try:
image = self.screenshot.final_images[self.page_index]
filename = filedialog.asksaveasfilename(
defaultextension=".png",
filetypes=[("PNG files", "*.png"), ("JPEG files", "*.jpg")],
initialfile=f"{image.width}x{image.height}.png"
)
if not filename:
return
image.save(filename)
except IndexError:
messagebox.showerror("保存失败", "未检测到截取图像")
def turn_page(self, event):
if len(self.screenshot.final_images) == 0:
return messagebox.showinfo("提示", "暂无图片可切换!")
if event.widget == self.turn_left_btn:
if self.page_index == 0:
return messagebox.showinfo("提示", "已经是第一张图片!")
self.page_index -= 1
else:
if self.page_index == len(self.screenshot.final_images) - 1:
return messagebox.showinfo("提示", "已经是最后一张图片!")
self.page_index += 1
self.show_image(self.screenshot.final_images[self.page_index])
if __name__ == "__main__":
app = ScreenshotTool()
app.mainloop()