导入依赖
XML
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
<version>4.0.1</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
<!--Jackson-->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
<artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
<version>2.13.4</version>
</dependency>
配置SpringMVC
XML
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="https://jakarta.ee/xml/ns/jakartaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="https://jakarta.ee/xml/ns/jakartaee
https://jakarta.ee/xml/ns/jakartaee/web-app_5_0.xsd"
version="5.0">
<!--配置监听器,监听器的作用是监听Servlet容器启动时创建Spring容器-->
<listener>
<listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
</listener>
<context-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:spring.xml</param-value>
</context-param>
<!--配置DispatcherServlet,该Servlet有两个作用:-->
<!--1:对于项目的所有请求先到达该Servlet,然后由该Servlet统一分发或路由-->
<!--2: 创建Web环境下Spring容器-->
<servlet>
<servlet-name>dispatcher</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:spring-mvc.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>dispatcher</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<!--【可选】配置字符编码过滤器-->
<filter>
<filter-name>characterFilter</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>characterFilter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
</web-app>
【注意】配置DispatcherServlet时,如果不指定配置文件,SpringMVC会在WEB-INF目录下寻找以servlet-name中配置的名称加-servlet寻找配置文件,例如:servlet-name中配置了名称为dispatcher,SpringMVC会寻找名称为dispatcher-servlet.xml的配置文件,通常情况下,需要指定固定位置的固定配置文件,如上例中所示。
SpringMVC.XML
XML
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc https://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">
<context:component-scan base-package="cn.bytecollege.controller"/>
<!--配置视图解析器,可以使用prefix指定页面的前缀,例如页面存放路径,使用Suffix执行后缀,通常指定页面的扩展名-->
<bean name="viewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/"/>
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
</bean>
<!--配置消息转换,也就是说当使用@ResponBody注解时,需要此处的配置,并且需要导入Jackson依赖-->
<mvc:annotation-driven>
<mvc:message-converters>
<bean class="org.springframework.http.converter.json.MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter">
<property name="supportedMediaTypes">
<list>
<value>text/plain;charset=UTF-8</value>
<value>text/html;charset=utf-8</value>
<value>application/json</value>
</list>
</property>
</bean>
</mvc:message-converters>
</mvc:annotation-driven>
<!--
mapping:静态资源的请求路径
location:静态资源存放的本地路径
-->
<mvc:resources mapping="/static/**" location="/WEB-INF/static/"/>
</beans>
SpringMVC常用注解
@Controller
该注解标注在控制器上,表明该类可以接收请求,具体的请求由类中的方法处理。
@RequestMapping
java
package org.springframework.web.bind.annotation;
import java.lang.annotation.Documented;
import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
import java.lang.annotation.Target;
import org.springframework.core.annotation.AliasFor;
@Target({ElementType.TYPE, ElementType.METHOD})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
@Mapping
public @interface RequestMapping {
String name() default "";
//该方法或者该类的请求路径
@AliasFor("path")
String[] value() default {};
//等价于value
@AliasFor("value")
String[] path() default {};
//设置接收的请求方式,如果不配置该属性,则可以接收所有类型的请求, 如果配置,则只能接收指定类型的请求
RequestMethod[] method() default {};
//必须携带固定的参数才可以处理请求例如:name=admin
String[] params() default {};
//响应头中必须包含固定参数才可以处理请求
String[] headers() default {};
//请求数据类型是指定类型的请求可以处理
String[] consumes() default {};
//
String[] produces() default {};
}
通常,可以使用该注解的替代注解,常用的有:
-
@GetMapping
-
@PostMapping
属性 | 类型 | 是否必要 | 说明 |
---|---|---|---|
value | String[] | 否 | 用于将指定请求的地址映射到方法 |
name | String | 否 | 给映射地址指定一个别名 |
method | RequestMethod[] | 否 | 映射指定请求的方法,包括GET、POST、HEAD、OPTIONS、PUT、PATCH、DELETE、TRACE |
consumes | String[] | 否 | 指定处理请求的提交内容(Content-Type),例如:application/json |
produces | String[] | 否 | 指定返回的内容类型,返回的内容类型必须是request请求头中所包含的类型 |
params | String[] | 否 | 指定request中必须包含某些参数值时,才让该方法处理请求 |
headers | String[] | 否 | 指定request中必须包含某些指定的header值,才能让该方法处理请求 |
path | String[] | 否 | 用于将指定请求的地址映射到方法 |
@RequestMapping 不但支持标准的 URL,还支持 Ant 风格(?、*和**字符)的和带{xxx}占位符的URL。以下 URL 都是合法的。
-
/user/*/createUser∶ 匹配/user/aa/createUser、/user/bbb/createUser等 URL。
-
/user/**/createUser∶匹配/user/createUser、/user/aaa/bbb/createUser 等URL。
-
/user/createUser??∶匹配/user/createUseraa、/user/createUserbb等 URL。
-
/user/{userld}∶匹配 user/123、user/456 等URL。
-
/user/**/{userId}∶匹配 user/aa/bbb/123、user/aaa/456等 URL。
-
company/{companyld}/user/{userId}/detail∶匹配 company/123/user/456/detail 等 URL。
@RequestParam
该注解的作用是将请求参数和Controller方法参数进行绑定
java
@Target(ElementType.PARAMETER)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
public @interface RequestParam {
/**
* 将前端请求参数的名称(即请求参数的name或者key)与方法参数绑定
* Alias for {@link #name}.
*/
@AliasFor("name")
String value() default "";
/**
* The name of the request parameter to bind to.
* @since 4.2
*/
@AliasFor("value")
String name() default "";
/**
* Whether the parameter is required.
* <p>Defaults to {@code true}, leading to an exception being thrown
* if the parameter is missing in the request. Switch this to
* {@code false} if you prefer a {@code null} value if the parameter is
* not present in the request.
* <p>Alternatively, provide a {@link #defaultValue}, which implicitly
* sets this flag to {@code false}.
* 如果不传该参数则抛出异常
*/
boolean required() default true;
/**
* The default value to use as a fallback when the request parameter is
* not provided or has an empty value.
* <p>Supplying a default value implicitly sets {@link #required} to
* {@code false}.
*/
String defaultValue() default ValueConstants.DEFAULT_NONE;
}
@PathVariable
该注解的作用时将请求路径中的参数绑定到Controller方法参数
java
@Target(ElementType.PARAMETER)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
public @interface PathVariable {
/**
* 请求路径中参数的名称
* Alias for {@link #name}.
*/
@AliasFor("name")
String value() default "";
/**
* The name of the path variable to bind to.
* @since 4.3.3
* 作用同value
*/
@AliasFor("value")
String name() default "";
/**
* Whether the path variable is required.
* <p>Defaults to {@code true}, leading to an exception being thrown if the path
* variable is missing in the incoming request. Switch this to {@code false} if
* you prefer a {@code null} or Java 8 {@code java.util.Optional} in this case.
* e.g. on a {@code ModelAttribute} method which serves for different requests.
* @since 4.3.3
* 是否必须传递该参数,如果为null则抛出异常
*/
boolean required() default true;
}
@ResonseBody
将方法的返回值转成Json格式的字符串或者Json对象
@RequestBody
将前端发送的JSON格式的数据绑定到方法参数的对象中
@SessionAttribute
获取使用value或者name指定名称的在Session中保存的数据
@CookieValue
获取使用value或者name指定名称的在Cookie中保存的数据
Spring整合MyBatis
导入依赖
XML
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.mybatis/mybatis-spring -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis-spring</artifactId>
<version>2.0.7</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.mybatis/mybatis -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
<version>3.5.9</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/mysql/mysql-connector-java -->
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>8.0.28</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/com.alibaba/druid -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>druid</artifactId>
<version>1.2.11</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
配置Mybatis
XML
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
<!--配置扫描包,实例化标注了注解的类-->
<context:component-scan base-package="cn.bytecollege.service"/>
<!--加载数据库配置文件-->
<context:property-placeholder location="classpath:data.properties"/>
<!--配置数据源-->
<bean name="dataSource" class="com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource" init-method="init" destroy-method="close">
<property name="url" value="${url}"/>
<property name="username" value="${user}"/>
<property name="password" value="${password}"/>
<!-- 配置初始化大小、最小、最大 -->
<property name="initialSize" value="5" />
<property name="minIdle" value="10" />
<property name="maxActive" value="20" />
<!-- 配置获取连接等待超时的时间 -->
<property name="maxWait" value="6000" />
<!-- 配置间隔多久才进行一次检测,检测需要关闭的空闲连接,单位是毫秒 -->
<property name="timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis" value="2000" />
<!-- 配置一个连接在池中最小生存的时间,单位是毫秒 -->
<property name="minEvictableIdleTimeMillis" value="600000" />
<property name="maxEvictableIdleTimeMillis" value="900000" />
<property name="validationQuery" value="select 1" />
<property name="testWhileIdle" value="true" />
<property name="testOnBorrow" value="false" />
<property name="testOnReturn" value="false" />
<property name="keepAlive" value="true" />
<property name="phyMaxUseCount" value="1000" />
<!-- 配置监控统计拦截的filters -->
<property name="filters" value="stat" />
</bean>
<!--配置SqlSessionFactoryBean-->
<bean class="org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean">
<!--配置数据源-->
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
<!--配置Mybatis的配置文件-->
<property name="configLocation" value="classpath:mybatis-config.xml"/>
<!--配置Mapper映射器的位置-->
<property name="mapperLocations" value="classpath:mapper/*.xml"/>
</bean>
<!--配置Mapper接口的位置-->
<bean class="org.mybatis.spring.mapper.MapperScannerConfigurer">
<property name="basePackage" value="cn.bytecollege.mapper"></property>
</bean>
</beans>