【每日学点HarmonyOS Next知识】类型判断、刘海高度、隐私弹窗、滑动下一页效果、清楚缓存

轻口味2025-03-13 11:37
1、HarmonyOS instanceof判断错误？

ArkTS部分支持instanceof，可参考文档：https://developer.huawei.com/consumer/cn/doc/harmonyos-guides-V5/typescript-to-arkts-migration-guide-V5

instanceof运算符在传递的过程中可能会发生以下情况：对象的属性在传递的过程中被修改。对象的引用在传递的过程中被改变。对象的构造函数可能尚未完成执行，导致对象状态不完整。以上情况都可能导致在接收线程中使用instanceof进行类型判断时出现错误。因此，直接依赖instanceof进行类型判断不够安全。

2、HarmonyOS 下刘海的高宽获取不到？

通过 window.getWindowAvoidArea(window.AvoidAreaType.TYPE_CUTOUT) 获取刘海的高宽的时候，没有取到下刘海的数据。

获取导航栏高度，设置window.AvoidAreaType.TYPE_NAVIGATION_INDICATOR

3、HarmonyOS 有没有隐私政策弹框的demo？

可以使用Stack组件模拟实现Dialog的效果，页面跳转之后返回 可以做到 Dialog依然显示的效果

import router from '@ohos.router';

@Entry
@Component
struct First {
  @State textValue: string = 'Hello World'
  // 显隐控制设置为不占用
  @State visible: Visibility = Visibility.None
  @State path: string = "pages/Index"

  build() {
    // 使用stack可以实现假的dialog覆盖原页面上面
    Stack() {
      Row() {
        // 初始页面
        Column() {
          Text('Hello World')
            .fontSize(50)
            .fontWeight(FontWeight.Bold)
          // 触发dialog的地方
          Button('click')
            .onClick(() => {
              //用于检测点击事件是否透传到原来的页面，我测了一下是没有透传的，符合dialog规范
              console.log("hit me!")
              if (this.visible == Visibility.Visible) {
                this.visible = Visibility.None
              } else {
                this.visible = Visibility.Visible
              }
            })
            .backgroundColor(0x777474)
            .fontColor(0x000000)
        }
        .width('100%')
      }
      .height('100%')
      .backgroundColor(0x885555)

      //这里开始是构造弹窗效果主要需要修改的地方，首先是加了一个半透明灰色的蒙层效果
      Text('')
        .onClick(() => {
          if (this.visible == Visibility.Visible) {
            this.visible = Visibility.None
          } else {
            this.visible = Visibility.Visible
          }
        })
        .width('100%')
        .height('100%')// 透明度可以自己调节一下
        .opacity(0.16)
        .backgroundColor(0x000000)
        .visibility(this.visible)
      Column() {
        // 这个可以调节对话框效果，栅格布局，xs，sm，md，lg分别为四种规格
        // 下面的breakpoints是用来区别当前属于哪个类型的断点
        // gridRow里的栅格数量为总数，gridCol里的就是偏移和假Dialog所占据的栅格数
        GridRow({
          columns: {
            xs: 1,
            sm: 4,
            md: 8,
            lg: 12
          },
          breakpoints: {
            value: ["400vp", "600vp", "800vp"],
            reference: BreakpointsReference.WindowSize
          },
        }) {
          GridCol({
            span: {
              xs: 1,
              sm: 2,
              md: 4,
              lg: 8
            },
            offset: {
              xs: 0,
              sm: 1,
              md: 2,
              lg: 2
            }
          }) {
            // 这里放的就是原Dialog里的column里的东西，稍微改改应该就可以用了
            Column() {
              Text('Change text').fontSize(20).margin({ top: 10, bottom: 10 })
              TextInput({ placeholder: '', text: this.textValue }).height(60).width('90%')
                .onChange((value: string) => {
                  this.textValue = value
                })
              Text('Whether to change a text?').fontSize(16).margin({ bottom: 10 })
              Flex({ justifyContent: FlexAlign.SpaceAround }) {
                Button('cancel')
                  .onClick(() => {
                    if (this.visible == Visibility.Visible) {
                      this.visible = Visibility.None
                    } else {
                      this.visible = Visibility.Visible
                    }
                  }).backgroundColor(0xffffff).fontColor(Color.Black)
                Button('jump')
                  .onClick(() => {
                    router.pushUrl({
                      //url: 'pages/Index'
                      url: this.path
                    })
                  }).backgroundColor(0xffffff).fontColor(Color.Red)
              }.margin({ bottom: 10 })
            }
            .backgroundColor(0xffffff)
            .visibility(this.visible)
            .clip(true)
            .borderRadius(20)
          }
        }
      }.width('95%') //设置弹窗宽度
    }
  }
}
4、HarmonyOS 滑动下一页效果应该如何做？

参考代码：

@Entry
@Component
struct NovelPage {
  @Provide('fontSize') @Watch('onFontSizeChange') fontSize: number = Constants.INIT_FONT_SIZE;
  @Provide('bgColorIndex') @Watch('onBgColorChanged') bgColorIndex: BGColorType = BGColorType.WHITE;
  @Provide('bgColor') bgColor: string = BG_COLOR_ARRAY[BGColorType.WHITE];
  @Provide('offsetX') offsetX: number = 0
  @Provide('offsetY') offsetY: number = 0;
  @Provide('screenH') screenH: number = 0;
  @Provide('screenW') screenW: number = 0;
  @Provide('sumRow') sumRow: number = 0;
  @Provide('rowWord') rowWord: number = 0;
  @Provide('rotateAngleOne') rotateAngleOne: number = Constants.INIT_ROTATE_ANGLE_ONE;
  @Provide('rotateAngleTwo') rotateAngleTwo: number = 0.0;
  @Provide('curPosition') curPosition: number = 0;
  @Provide('turnStyle') turnStyle: FlipPageType = FlipPageType.SLIDE_FLIP_PAGE;
  @Provide('currentPageNum') @Watch('onFlush') currentPageNum: number = 1;
  @Provide('pageWordSum') pageWordSum: number = 0;
  @Provide('light') light: number = Constants.INIT_SCREEN_LIGHT;
  @Provide('isSystemLight') isSystemLight: boolean = false;
  @Provide('rowGap') rowGap: number = Constants.INIT_ROW_GAP;
  @State currentStartIndex: number = 0;
  @State isShow: boolean = false;
  @State isFontChanged: boolean = false;

  aboutToAppear(): void {
    this.screenW = px2vp(display.getDefaultDisplaySync().width);
    this.screenH = px2vp(display.getDefaultDisplaySync().height - (AppStorage.get('avoidHeight') as number));
    this.sumRow = Math.floor((this.screenH) / (this.fontSize + this.rowGap));
    this.rowWord = Math.floor((this.screenW - Constants.SCREEN_MARGIN_LEFT * 2) / this.fontSize);
    this.simulatePageContent();
    this.changeSystemBarStatue();
  }

  onFontSizeChange() {
    this.sumRow = Math.floor((this.screenH) / (this.fontSize + this.rowGap));
    this.rowWord = Math.floor((this.screenW - Constants.SCREEN_MARGIN_LEFT * 2) / this.fontSize);
    let pageWordSum = this.sumRow * this.rowWord;

    if (this.currentStartIndex > pageWordSum) {
      this.currentPageNum = Math.floor(this.currentStartIndex / (pageWordSum)) +
        (this.currentStartIndex > 1 && this.currentStartIndex % pageWordSum > 0 ? 2 : 1);
    } else if (this.currentStartIndex > 0) {
      this.currentPageNum = 2;
    } else {
      Logger.info('currentStartIndex = ' + this.currentStartIndex);
    }
    this.isFontChanged = true;
    this.simulatePageContent();
  }

  changeSystemBarStatue(): void {
    window.getLastWindow(getContext(this), (err, data) => {
      const errCode = err.code;
      if (errCode) {
        return;
      }
      let SystemBarProperties: window.SystemBarProperties = {
        statusBarColor: BG_COLOR_ARRAY[this.bgColorIndex],
        navigationBarColor: BG_COLOR_ARRAY[this.bgColorIndex],
        navigationBarContentColor: Constants.TRANSPARENT
      };
      try {
        data.setWindowSystemBarProperties(SystemBarProperties, (err: BusinessError) => {
          const errCode: number = err.code;
          if (errCode) {
            Logger.error('Failed to set the system bar properties. Cause: ' + JSON.stringify(err));
            return;
          }
          data.setWindowBackgroundColor(BG_COLOR_ARRAY[this.bgColorIndex]);
        });
      } catch (exception) {
        Logger.error('Failed to set the system bar properties. Cause: ' + JSON.stringify(exception));
      }
    });
  }

  onBgColorChanged() {
    this.changeSystemBarStatue();
  }

  onFlush() {
    Logger.info('currentPageNum=' + this.currentPageNum + ', isFontChanged=' + this.isFontChanged);
    if (this.isFontChanged && this.currentPageNum === 1) {
      this.isFontChanged = false;
      this.currentStartIndex = 0;
    }
  }

  simulatePageContent() {
    this.offsetY = 0;
    this.rotateAngleTwo = 0.0;
    this.rotateAngleOne = Constants.INIT_ROTATE_ANGLE_ONE;
  }

  private clickAnimateTo(isLeft: Boolean) {
    if (this.turnStyle === FlipPageType.SLIDE_FLIP_PAGE) {
      animateTo({
        duration: Constants.SLIDE_DURATION,
        curve: Curve.EaseOut,
        onFinish: () => {
          if (this.offsetX > 0) {
            this.currentPageNum > 0 ? this.currentPageNum - 1 : this.currentPageNum;
            this.currentStartIndex -= this.sumRow * this.rowWord;
          }
          if (this.offsetX < 0) {
            this.currentPageNum += 1;
            this.currentStartIndex += this.sumRow * this.rowWord;
          }
          Logger.info(this.currentStartIndex.toString());
          this.offsetX = 0;
          this.simulatePageContent();
        }
      }, () => {
        if (isLeft) {
          this.offsetX = this.screenW;
        } else {
          this.offsetX = -this.screenW;
        }
      })
    }
  }

  build() {
    Row() {

      if (this.turnStyle === FlipPageType.SLIDE_FLIP_PAGE) {
        SlideFlipView({
          currentStartIndex: this.currentStartIndex
        })
      }

    }

    .width(Constants.FULL_PERCENT)
    .height(Constants.FULL_PERCENT)
    .bindSheet(
      $$this.isShow,
      this.myBuilder(),
      {
        height: SheetSize.FIT_CONTENT,
        detents: [Constants.SHEET_HEIGHT, Constants.SHEET_HEIGHT + 1],
        showClose: true,
        dragBar: true,
        title: { title: Constants.SHEET_TITLE },
        backgroundColor: Constants.SHEET_BACKGROUND_COLOR
      }
    )
    .backgroundColor(this.bgColor)
  }

  @Builder
  myBuilder() {


  }
}

@Component
export default struct Reader {
  @Consume('bgColor') @Watch('onPageChange') bgColor: string;
  @Consume('fontSize') @Watch('onPageChange') fontSize: number;
  @Consume('turnStyle') turnStyle: FlipPageType;
  @Consume('screenW') screenW: number;
  @Consume('screenH') screenH: number;
  @Consume('rowGap') rowGap: number;
  @Consume('sumRow') sumRow: number
  @Consume('rowWord') rowWord: number;
  @Prop @Watch('onPageChange') startIndex: number = 0;
  private settings: RenderingContextSettings = new RenderingContextSettings(true);
  private context: CanvasRenderingContext2D = new CanvasRenderingContext2D(this.settings);
  private wordWidth: number = 0;
  private wordHeight: number = 0;

  aboutToAppear(): void {
    this.drawText(this.startIndex);
  }

  onPageChange() {
    this.drawText(this.startIndex);
  }

  drawText(startIndex: number) {
    this.wordWidth = this.fontSize;
    this.wordHeight = this.fontSize;
    this.context.fillStyle = this.bgColor;
    this.context.fillRect(0, 0, this.screenW, this.screenH);
    this.context.fillStyle = Color.Black;
    this.context.font = vp2px(this.fontSize) + Constants.CANVAS_FONT_SET;
    if (startIndex < 0) {
      startIndex = 0;
    }

    let gap = ((this.screenW - Constants.SCREEN_MARGIN_LEFT * 2) - this.wordWidth * this.rowWord) / (this.rowWord - 1);
    let realRowGap = (this.screenH - this.sumRow * (this.wordHeight + this.rowGap)) / (this.sumRow - 1);
    let currentX = Constants.SCREEN_MARGIN_LEFT;
    let currentY = this.wordHeight;
    for (let i = startIndex;; i++) {
      if (currentX + this.wordWidth > this.screenW - (Constants.SCREEN_MARGIN_LEFT - 1)) {
        currentX = Constants.SCREEN_MARGIN_LEFT;
        currentY = currentY + this.rowGap + this.wordHeight + realRowGap;
        if (currentY > this.screenH) {
          break;
        }
      }
      this.context.fillText(Constants.TEXT.charAt(i % Constants.TEXT.length), currentX, currentY);
      currentX += this.wordWidth + gap;
    }
  }

  build() {
    Flex({ direction: FlexDirection.Row, alignItems: ItemAlign.Start, justifyContent: FlexAlign.Start }) {
      Column() {
        Canvas(this.context)
          .width(Constants.FULL_PERCENT)
          .height(Constants.FULL_PERCENT)
          .onReady(() => {
            this.drawText(this.startIndex);
          })
      }
      .width(Constants.FULL_PERCENT)
    }
    .height(Constants.FULL_PERCENT)
  }
}

@Component
export struct SlideFlipView {
  @Consume('offsetX') offsetX: number;
  @Consume('sumRow') sumRow: number;
  @Consume('rowWord') rowWord: number;
  @Consume('screenW') screenW: number;
  @Consume('currentPageNum') currentPageNum: number;
  @Link currentStartIndex: number;
  private isFirst: boolean = false;

  build() {
    Stack() {
      Reader({ startIndex: this.currentStartIndex + this.sumRow * this.rowWord })
        .translate({ x: this.offsetX >= 0 ? this.screenW : this.screenW + this.offsetX, y: 0, z: 0 })

      Reader({ startIndex: this.currentStartIndex })
        .translate({ x: this.offsetX, y: 0, z: 0 })
        .width(this.screenW)

      Reader({ startIndex: this.currentStartIndex - this.sumRow * this.rowWord })
        .translate({ x: this.offsetX >= 0 ? -this.screenW + this.offsetX : -this.screenW, y: 0, z: 0 })
    }
    .gesture(
      PanGesture()
        .onActionUpdate((event?: GestureEvent) => {
          if (!event) {
            return;
          }
          if (this.currentPageNum <= 1 && event.offsetX > 0) {
            this.isFirst = true;
            return;
          }

          this.offsetX = event.offsetX;
        })
        .onActionEnd(() => {
          animateTo({
            duration: Constants.FLIP_DURATION,
            curve: Curve.EaseOut,
            onFinish: () => {
              if (this.offsetX > 0) {
                this.currentPageNum -= 1;
                if (this.currentStartIndex !== 0) {
                  this.currentStartIndex -= this.sumRow * this.rowWord;
                }
              }
              if (this.offsetX < 0) {
                this.currentPageNum += 1;
                this.currentStartIndex += this.sumRow * this.rowWord;
              }
              if (this.isFirst) {
                promptAction.showToast({
                  message: Constants.MSG_FLIP_OVER,
                  duration: Constants.PROMPT_DURATION
                });
                this.isFirst = false;
              }
              this.offsetX = 0;
            }
          }, () => {
            if (this.offsetX > 0) {
              this.offsetX = this.screenW;
            }
            if (this.offsetX < 0) {
              this.offsetX = -this.screenW;
            }
          })
        })
    )
  }
}
5、HarmonyOS 清除缓存功能？

app中有清除缓存的需求功能，清除缓存和计算app内缓存大小需要怎么实现。

查询缓存用storageStatistics.getCurrentBundleStats()接口，清除文件缓存，需要调用context的cacheDir获取缓存，然后调用系统文件fs接口，判断是文件或者文件夹，再分别消除缓存https://developer.huawei.com/consumer/cn/doc/harmonyos-references-V5/js-apis-file-storage-statistics-V5#storagestatisticsgetcurrentbundlestats9 清理：

import fs from '@ohos.file.fs';
let cacheDir = context.cacheDir;
@Entry
@Component
struct Clear_cache {
  clearCache() {
    // let cacheDir = getContext(this).cacheDir
    // fs.rmdirSync(cacheDir)
    // console.log("delete !!!")

    fs.listFile(cacheDir).then((filenames) => {
      for (let i = 0;i < filenames.length; i++) {
        // let dirPath = cacheDir+filenames[i]
        let dirPath = ${cacheDir}/${filenames[i]}
        // 判断是否文件夹
        let isDirectory
        try {
          isDirectory = fs.statSync(dirPath).isDirectory()
        }
        catch (e) {
          console.log(e)
        }

        if (isDirectory) {
          fs.rmdirSync(dirPath)
        } else {
          fs.unlink(dirPath).then(() => {
            console.info("remove file succeed");
          }).catch((err) => {
            console.info("remove file failed with error message: " + err.message + ", error code: " + err.code);
          });
        }
      }

    })
  }
}
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