在 Blazor 中使用 Chart.js 快速创建数据可视化图表

前言

BlazorChartjs 是一个在 Blazor 中使用 Chart.js 的库（支持Blazor WebAssembly和Blazor Server两种模式），它提供了简单易用的组件来帮助开发者快速集成数据可视化图表到他们的 Blazor 应用程序中。本文我们将一起来学习一下在 Blazor 中使用 Chart.js 快速创建数据可视化图表。

Blazor是什么？

Blazor是一种新兴的Web应用程序框架，具有很大的潜力和发展前景。Blazor是在.NET和Razor上构建的用户界面框架，它采用了最新的Web技术和.NET框架优势，可以使用C# 编程语言编写Web 应用程序，它不仅可以提高开发效率，还可以提供更好的用户体验和更好的可维护性。

详细介绍可以看这篇文章：全面的ASP.NET Core Blazor简介和快速入门

创建Blazor WebAssembly应用

创建名为ChartjsExercise的Blazor WebAssembly应用：

安装NuGet

安装PSC.Blazor.Components.Chartjs包：

添加以下脚本

打开index.html文件，在页面末尾添加以下脚本：

<script src="_content/PSC.Blazor.Components.Chartjs/lib/Chart.js/chart.js"></script>
<script src="_content/PSC.Blazor.Components.Chartjs/Chart.js" type="module"></script>

引入组件

打开你的_Imports.razor文件并添加以下内容：

@using PSC.Blazor.Components.Chartjs
@using PSC.Blazor.Components.Chartjs.Enums
@using PSC.Blazor.Components.Chartjs.Models
@using PSC.Blazor.Components.Chartjs.Models.Common
@using PSC.Blazor.Components.Chartjs.Models.Bar
@using PSC.Blazor.Components.Chartjs.Models.Bubble
@using PSC.Blazor.Components.Chartjs.Models.Doughnut
@using PSC.Blazor.Components.Chartjs.Models.Line
@using PSC.Blazor.Components.Chartjs.Models.Pie
@using PSC.Blazor.Components.Chartjs.Models.Polar
@using PSC.Blazor.Components.Chartjs.Models.Radar
@using PSC.Blazor.Components.Chartjs.Models.Scatter

柱状图

创建BarSimple.razor组件：

razor页面代码

@page "/BarSimple"
@using ChartjsExercise.Model
<h3>柱状图</h3>

<Chart Config="_config" @ref="_chart" Height="500px"></Chart>

@code {
    private BarChartConfig? _config;
    private Chart? _chart;

    protected override async Task OnInitializedAsync()
    {
        _config = new BarChartConfig()
            {
                Options = new Options()
                {
                    Responsive = true,
                    MaintainAspectRatio = false,
                    Plugins = new Plugins()
                    {
                        Legend = new Legend()
                        {
                            Align = Align.Center,
                            Display = true,
                            Position = LegendPosition.Right
                        }
                    },
                    Scales = new Dictionary<string, Axis>()
                {
                    {
                        Scales.XAxisId, new Axis()
                        {
                            Stacked = true,
                            Ticks = new Ticks()
                            {
                                MaxRotation = 0,
                                MinRotation = 0
                            }
                        }
                    },
                    {
                        Scales.YAxisId, new Axis()
                        {
                            Stacked = true
                        }
                    }
                }
                }
            };

        _config.Data.Labels = BarSimpleData.SimpleBarText;
        _config.Data.Datasets.Add(new BarDataset()
            {
                Label = "Value",
                Data = BarSimpleData.SimpleBar.Select(l => l.Value).ToList(),
                BackgroundColor = Colors.Palette1,
                BorderColor = Colors.PaletteBorder1,
                BorderWidth = 1
            });
    }
}

BarSimpleData

    public class BarSimpleData
    {
        public static List<string> SimpleBarText = new List<string>() { "一月", "二月", "三月", "四月", "五月", "六月", "七月" };
        public static List<DataItem> SimpleBar = new List<DataItem>()
        {
            new DataItem() { Name = "一月", Value = 65 },
            new DataItem() { Name = "二月", Value = 59 },
            new DataItem() { Name = "三月", Value = 80 },
            new DataItem() { Name = "四月", Value = 81 },
            new DataItem() { Name = "五月", Value = 56 },
            new DataItem() { Name = "六月", Value = 55 },
            new DataItem() { Name = "七月", Value = 40 }
        };
    }

展示效果

饼图

创建PieSimple.razor组件：

razor页面代码

@page "/PieSimple"
@using ChartjsExercise.Model
<h3>饼图</h3>

<Chart Config="_config" @ref="_chart" Height="500px"></Chart>

@code {
    private PieChartConfig? _config;
    private Chart? _chart;

    protected override async Task OnInitializedAsync()
    {
        _config = new PieChartConfig()
            {
                Options = new PieOptions()
                {
                    Responsive = true,
                    MaintainAspectRatio = false
                }
            };

        _config.Data.Labels = PieSimpleData.SimplePieText;
        _config.Data.Datasets.Add(new PieDataset()
            {
                Label = "数据集",
                Data = PieSimpleData.SimplePie.ToList(),
                BackgroundColor = Colors.PaletteBorder1,
                HoverOffset = 4
            });
    }
}

PieSimpleData

    public class PieSimpleData
    {
        public static List<string> SimplePieText = new List<string>() { "一月", "二月", "三月", "四月" };
        public static List<decimal?> SimplePie = new List<decimal?>() { 300, 50, 100, 20 };
    }

展示效果

折线图

创建LineSimple.razor组件：

razor页面代码

@page "/LineSimple"
@using ChartjsExercise.Model

<h3>折线图</h3>

<Chart Config="_config" @ref="_chart" Height="500px"></Chart>

@code {
    private LineChartConfig? _config;
    private Chart? _chart;

    protected override async Task OnInitializedAsync()
    {
        _config = new LineChartConfig()
        {
        };

        _config.Data.Labels = LineSimpleData.SimpleLineText;
        _config.Data.Datasets.Add(new LineDataset()
            {
                Label = "数据集",
                Data = LineSimpleData.SimpleLine.ToList(),
                BorderColor = Colors.PaletteBorder1.FirstOrDefault(),
                Tension = 0.1M,
                Fill = false,
                PointRadius = 15,
                PointStyle = PointStyle.Cross
            });
    }

    private void AddValue()
    {
        Random rd = new Random();
        _chart.AddData(new List<string?>() { "August" }, 0, new List<decimal?>() { rd.Next(0, 200) });
    }
}

LineSimpleData

    public class LineSimpleData
    {
        public static List<string> SimpleLineText = new List<string>() { "一月", "二月", "三月", "四月", "五月", "六月", "七月" };
        public static List<decimal?> SimpleLine = new List<decimal?>() { 65, 59, 80, 81, 86, 55, 40 };
        public static List<decimal?> SimpleLine2 = new List<decimal?>() { 33, 25, 35, 51, 54, 76, 60 };
        public static List<decimal?> SimpleLine3 = new List<decimal?>() { 53, 91, 39, 61, 39, 87, 23 };
    }

展示效果

配置菜单导航栏

在组件NavMenu.razor中配置：

<div class="top-row ps-3 navbar navbar-dark">
    <div class="container-fluid">
        <a class="navbar-brand" href="">ChartjsExercise</a>
        <button title="Navigation menu" class="navbar-toggler" @onclick="ToggleNavMenu">
            <span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span>
        </button>
    </div>
</div>

<div class="@NavMenuCssClass nav-scrollable" @onclick="ToggleNavMenu">
    <nav class="flex-column">
        <div class="nav-item px-3">
            <NavLink class="nav-link" href="" Match="NavLinkMatch.All">
                <span class="bi bi-house-door-fill-nav-menu" aria-hidden="true"></span> Home
            </NavLink>
        </div>
        <div class="nav-item px-3">
            <NavLink class="nav-link" href="BarSimple">
                <span class="bi bi-plus-square-fill-nav-menu" aria-hidden="true"></span>柱状图
            </NavLink>
        </div>
        <div class="nav-item px-3">
            <NavLink class="nav-link" href="PieSimple">
                <span class="bi bi-plus-square-fill-nav-menu" aria-hidden="true"></span>饼图
            </NavLink>
        </div>
        <div class="nav-item px-3">
            <NavLink class="nav-link" href="LineSimple">
                <span class="bi bi-plus-square-fill-nav-menu" aria-hidden="true"></span>折线图
            </NavLink>
        </div>
    </nav>
</div>

@code {
    private bool collapseNavMenu = true;

    private string? NavMenuCssClass => collapseNavMenu ? "collapse" : null;

    private void ToggleNavMenu()
    {
        collapseNavMenu = !collapseNavMenu;
    }
}

更多图表效果截图

• 更多图表效果展示可以查看官网示例地址：chartjs.puresourcecode.com

项目源码地址

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• GitHub开源地址：github.com/erossini/Bl...
• ChartjsExercise文章示例：github.com/YSGStudyHar...

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