一、项目图
二、主机规划
| 主机 | 系统 | 安装应用 | 网络 | IP |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| client | redhat 9.5 | 无 | NAT | 192.168.72.115/24 |
| lvs-master | redhat 9.5 | ipvsadm，keepalived | NAT | 192.168.72.116/24 VIP 192.168.72.100/32 |
| lvs-backup | redhat 9.5 | ipvsadm，keepalived | NAT | 192.168.72.117/24 VIP 192.168.72.100/32 |
| rs1 | redhat 9.5 | nginx，nfs-utils | NAT | 192.168.72.118/24 |
| rs2 | redhat 9.5 | nginx，nfs-utils | NAT | 192.168.72.119/24 |
| nfs | redhat 9.5 | nfs-utils | NAT | 192.168.72.120/24 |
三、项目搭建
注意：
搭建项目前，需要将所有虚拟机的防火墙和selinux关闭
首先先修改ip地址使用nmcli命令修改和nmtui可视化修改，或者安装虚拟机时，安装了桌面的可以在虚拟机的设置里面修改。我这里就先略这个修改IP的步骤，因为本文，主要是讲述LVS高可用的具体搭建步骤，这个修改每台机子的ip只是为了更加规范。如果不想修改，也可以完成该项目，修改ip不是必须的只是为了规范项目。
每台虚拟机都需要下载相应的软件，如果没有配置本地仓库的可以先配置本地仓库，然后再进行项目搭建。在/etc/yum.repos.d下创建后缀为.repo的文件再将一下内容添加保存：
再使用mount /dev/sr0 /mnt 挂载即可
bash
[baseos]
name=BaseOS
baseurl=/mnt/BaseOS
gpgcheck=0
[appstream]
name=AppStream
baseurl=/mnt/AppStream
gpgcheck=01、配置nfs服务
（1）在nfs服务器上下载nfs服务
bash
dnf install nfs-utils -y（2）创建共享目录
bash
mkdir /nfs/share -p（3）在/etc/exports下添加如下内容
bash
[root@nfs ~]# cat /etc/exports
/nfs/share 192.168.72.118(rw,sync) 192.168.72.119(rw,sync)（4）添加web起始页页面内容，因为有两台web服务器，为了区分开，所以起始页内容有所不同
bash
[root@nfs share]# echo "rs1 index.html" > index1.html
[root@nfs share]# echo "rs2 index.html" > index2.html（5）启动nfs服务
bash
systemctl start nfs-server（6）暴露共享目录
bash
[root@nfs ~]# showmount -e 192.168.72.120
Export list for 192.168.72.120:
/nfs/share 192.168.72.119,192.168.72.1182、 配置rs
rs1
(1)安装nginx和nfs
bash
dnf install nginx nfs-utils -y(2)挂载共享目录到nginx的起始页
bash
[root@rs1 ~]# mount -t nfs 192.168.72.120:/nfs/share /usr/share/nginx/html/（3）启动nginx和nfs
bash
root@rs1 ~]# systemctl start nginx nfs-serve（4）功能测试
bash
[root@rs1 ~]# showmount -e 192.168.72.120
Export list for 192.168.72.120:
/nfs/share 192.168.72.119,192.168.72.118（5）自动挂载
使用 vim 编辑器打开/etc/fstab 将以下内容加入
bash
192.168.72.120:/nfs/share /usr/share/nginx/html/ nfs defaults 0 0使用systemctl daemon-reload重新加载
使用mount -a 重新挂载
（6）配置nginx
bash
[root@rs1 ~]# vim /etc/nginx/conf.d/rs1.conf
[root@rs1 ~]# cat /etc/nginx/conf.d/rs1.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name 192.168.72.118;
location / {
root /usr/share/nginx/html;
index index1.html;
}
}（7）功能测试
bash
[root@rs1 ~]# curl 192.168.72.118
rs1 index.htmlrs2
关闭RS1服务器，然后我们对这台服务器进行克隆，取名为 RS2，然后启动 RS2 并做如下的修改。
(1)修改ip地址以及主机名
bash
[root@rs1 ~]# hostnamectl hostname rs2
[root@rs1 ~]# nmcli c modify ens160 ipv4.addresses 192.168.72.119/24
[root@rs1 ~]# nmcli c up ens160 再将rs1启动
（2）自动挂载，将rs1上的/etc/fstab 使用scp命令拷贝到rs2中
bash
[root@rs1 ~]# scp /etc/fstab 192.168.72.119:/etc/使用systemctl daemon-reload重新加载
使用mount -a 重新挂载
（3）配置nginx
bash
[root@rs2 ~]# vim /etc/nginx/conf.d/rs2.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name 192.168.72.119;
location / {
root /usr/share/nginx/html;
index index2.html;
}
}（4）功能测试
bash
[root@rs2 ~]# systemctl restart nginx
[root@rs2 ~]# curl 192.168.72.119
rs2 index.html3、配置LVS+keepalived
（1）安装ipvsadm和keepalived
bash
dnf install ipvsadm keepalived -y（2）修改配置文件
使用vim 编辑器打开/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
bash
[root@lvs-master ~]# vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
[root@lvs-master ~]# cat /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
global_defs {
router_id LVS_MASTER
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state MASTER
interface ens160
virtual_router_id 51
priority 100
advert_int 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 1111
}
virtual_ipaddress {
192.168.250.100
}
}
virtual_server 192.168.250.100 80 {
delay_loop 6
lb_algo wrr
lb_kind DR
persistence_timeout 0
protocol TCP
real_server 192.168.250.118 80 {
weight 3
TCP_CHECK {
connect_timeout 3
retry 3
delay_before_retry 3
}
}
real_server 192.168.250.119 80 {
weight 1
TCP_CHECK {
connect_timeout 3
retry 3
delay_before_retry 3
}
}
}使用scp命令将lvs-master上的配置文件拷贝到lvs-backup上
bash
scp /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf root@192.168.250.117:/etc（3）在lvs-backup上需改配置文件如下
bash
[root@lvs-backup ~]# vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
[root@lvs-backup ~]# cat /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
global_defs {
router_id LVS_BACKUP
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state BACKUP
interface ens160
virtual_router_id 51
priority 80
advert_int 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 1111
}
virtual_ipaddress {
192.168.250.100
}
}
virtual_server 192.168.250.100 80 {
delay_loop 6
lb_algo wrr
lb_kind DR
persistence_timeout 0
protocol TCP
real_server 192.168.250.118 80 {
weight 3
TCP_CHECK {
connect_timeout 3
retry 3
delay_before_retry 3
}
}
real_server 192.168.250.119 80 {
weight 1
TCP_CHECK {
connect_timeout 3
retry 3
delay_before_retry 3
}
}
}（4）启动ipvsadm服务
bash
ipvsadm-save > /etc/sysconfig/ipvsadm
systemctl start ipvsadm（5）启动keepalived服务查看LVS规则是否添加
bash
[root@lvs-master ~]# systemctl start keepalived
[root@lvs-master ~]# ipvsadm -Ln
IP Virtual Server version 1.2.1 (size=4096)
Prot LocalAddress:Port Scheduler Flags
-> RemoteAddress:Port Forward Weight ActiveConn InActConn
TCP 192.168.72.100:80 wrr
-> 192.168.72.118:80 Route 1 0 0
-> 192.168.72.119:80 Route 1 0 0 （6）在rs1在rs2上加上虚拟ip
bash
ifconfig lo 192.168.72.100 netmask 255.255.255.255 up（7）在rs上配置核心参数
bash
[root@rs1 ~]# vim /etc/sysctl.conf
net.ipv4.conf.all.arp_ignore = 1
net.ipv4.conf.lo.arp_ignore = 1
net.ipv4.conf.all.arp_announce = 2
net.ipv4.conf.lo.arp_announce = 2
[root@rs1 ~]# sysctl -p
net.ipv4.conf.all.arp_ignore = 1
net.ipv4.conf.lo.arp_ignore = 1
net.ipv4.conf.all.arp_announce = 2
net.ipv4.conf.lo.arp_announce = 2
bash
[root@rs2 ~]# vim /etc/sysctl.conf
net.ipv4.conf.all.arp_ignore = 1
net.ipv4.conf.lo.arp_ignore = 1
net.ipv4.conf.all.arp_announce = 2
net.ipv4.conf.lo.arp_announce = 2
[root@rs2 ~]# sysctl -p
net.ipv4.conf.all.arp_ignore = 1
net.ipv4.conf.lo.arp_ignore = 1
net.ipv4.conf.all.arp_announce = 2
net.ipv4.conf.lo.arp_announce = 24、测试
bash
[root@client ~]# curl 192.168.72.100
rs1 index.html
[root@client ~]# curl 192.168.72.100
rs2 index.html测试成功！！！项目搭建完成
6、总结
（1）需要在rs服务器上配置核心参数
（2）启动ipvsadm服务时需要先ipvsadm-save > /etc/sysconfig/ipvsadm 再启动
（3）需要在rs上添加虚拟ip