目录
备份策略:
系统环境 openEuler 22.03 (LTS-SP4)
单机备份
每天凌晨2点,指定数据库表全量备份,只保留近7次备份数据
每次的脚本执行,将会记录执行结果到日志,方便后续查看
一、创建数据备份脚本
1.1 创建脚本文件
bash
# 路径根据实际情况修改
[root@openeuler ~]# sudo vi /mnt/mysql/backup_script.sh
1.2 写入脚本内容
bash
#!/bin/bash
# MySQL配置
MYSQL_USER="root"
MYSQL_PWD="root"
MYSQL_HOST="localhost"
MYSQL_PORT="3366"
MYSQL_BIN="/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql"
MYSQLDUMP_BIN="/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqldump"
# 备份配置
BACKUP_DIR="/mnt/mysql/backup_data"
BACKUP_LOG_FILE="$BACKUP_DIR/backup.log"
DATABASES=("rmcbs" "gdzj")
MAX_BACKUPS=7
# 创建备份目录(如果不存在)
if [ ! -d "$BACKUP_DIR" ]; then
mkdir -p "$BACKUP_DIR"
fi
# 记录日志函数
log() {
local timestamp=$(date +"%Y%m%d %H:%M:%S")
echo "$timestamp $1 $2" >> "$BACKUP_LOG_FILE"
}
log "INFO" ""
log "INFO" "================== start 备份 =================="
# 检查数据库是否存在
check_db_exists() {
local db_name=$1
local query="SELECT SCHEMA_NAME FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.SCHEMATA WHERE SCHEMA_NAME = '$db_name'"
local result=$($MYSQL_BIN -h "$MYSQL_HOST" -P "$MYSQL_PORT" -u "$MYSQL_USER" -p"$MYSQL_PWD" -e "$query" 2>/dev/null | grep -c "$db_name")
[ "$result" -eq 1 ]
}
# 备份每个数据库
for db in "${DATABASES[@]}"; do
if check_db_exists "$db"; then
backup_file="$BACKUP_DIR/${db}_backup_$(date +"%Y%m%d_%H%M%S").sql"
if $MYSQLDUMP_BIN -h "$MYSQL_HOST" -P "$MYSQL_PORT" -u "$MYSQL_USER" -p"$MYSQL_PWD" "$db" > "$backup_file"; then
log "SUCCESS" "成功备份数据库 $db 到 $backup_file"
# 压缩备份文件
if gzip "$backup_file"; then
log "SUCCESS" "成功压缩数据库 $db 的备份文件"
else
log "FAILURE" "压缩数据库 $db 的备份文件失败"
fi
else
log "FAILURE" "备份数据库 $db 失败"
fi
# 清理旧备份
backup_count=$(ls -1 "$BACKUP_DIR/${db}_backup_"*.sql.gz 2>/dev/null | wc -l)
if [ $backup_count -gt $MAX_BACKUPS ]; then
files_to_delete=$((backup_count - MAX_BACKUPS))
ls -1t "$BACKUP_DIR/${db}_backup_"*.sql.gz | tail -n $files_to_delete | xargs rm -f
log "SUCCESS" "删除 $db 的 $files_to_delete 个旧备份文件"
fi
else
log "WARNING" "数据库 $db 不存在,跳过备份"
fi
done
log "INFO" "================== end 备份 =================="
log "INFO" ""
1.3 添加执行权限
bash
[root@openeuler ~]# chmod +x /mnt/mysql/backup_script.sh
1.4 配置定时任务
bash
# 编辑 crontab
[root@openeuler ~]# crontab -e
# 按【i】键进行编辑,设置环境变量,【ESC】退出编辑,【:wq】保存内容
# 写入下列内容:
# 每天凌晨2点执行备份脚本
0 2 * * * /mnt/mysql/backup_script.sh
# 每1分钟执行一次备份
# */1 * * * * /mnt/mysql/backup_script.sh
# 验证 crontab
[root@openeuler ~]# crontab -l
二、查看备份日志
bash
[root@openeuler ~]# tail -1000f /mnt/mysql/backup_data/backup.log
三、数据库数据恢复
注意:
此处命令是上一版本的数据库全量恢复,在生产环境中一定要注意,最好是手动执行按表恢复,防止数据丢失!!!以防万一!!!
bash
# 若数据库不存在则创建
[root@openeuler ~]# mysql -h localhost -P 3366 -u root -proot -e "CREATE DATABASE IF NOT EXISTS [数据库名];" 2>/dev/null
# 恢复数据库,先解压备份文件再导入
[root@openeuler ~]# zcat /mnt/mysql/backup_data/[备份名称].sql.gz | mysql -h localhost -P 3366 -u root -proot [数据库名] 2>/dev/null