MySQL主从
服务器信息
服务器类型 | 角色 | 主机地址 | 主机名称 |
---|---|---|---|
虚拟机 | master | 192.168.40.128 | test-1 |
虚拟机 | slave | 192.168.40.129 | test-2 |
Master 配置(192.168.40.128)
删除自动生成的配置
/var/lib/mysql/auto.cnf
bash
[root@test-1 ~]# rm -rf /var/lib/mysql/auto.cnf
[root@test-1 ~]#
主库配置
/etc/my.cnf
bash
[root@test-1 ~]# cat /etc/my.cnf
# For advice on how to change settings please see
# http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/server-configuration-defaults.html
[mysqld]
#
# Remove leading # and set to the amount of RAM for the most important data
# cache in MySQL. Start at 70% of total RAM for dedicated server, else 10%.
# innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M
#
# Remove leading # to turn on a very important data integrity option: logging
# changes to the binary log between backups.
# log_bin
#
# Remove leading # to set options mainly useful for reporting servers.
# The server defaults are faster for transactions and fast SELECTs.
# Adjust sizes as needed, experiment to find the optimal values.
# join_buffer_size = 128M
# sort_buffer_size = 2M
# read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M
datadir=/var/lib/mysql
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
symbolic-links=0
log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log
pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
# 主从配置
# 主库和从库需要不一致,分别配一个唯一的ID编号
server_id = 1
# 二进制文件存放路径,存放在根目录data文件夹下
log_bin=master-bin
# 设置需要同步的数据库
binlog_do_db=db_demo
# 忽略系统库同步
binlog_ignore_db=mysql
binlog_ignore_db=information_schema
binlog_ignore_db=performance_schema
[root@test-1 ~]#
重启MySQL服务
bash
[root@test-1 ~]# systemctl restart mysqld
[root@test-1 ~]#
[root@test-1 ~]# systemctl status mysqld
● mysqld.service - MySQL Server
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: active (running) since 二 2025-05-27 16:49:40 CST; 11s ago
Docs: man:mysqld(8)
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
Process: 3279 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid $MYSQLD_OPTS (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Process: 3258 ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/mysqld_pre_systemd (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Main PID: 3282 (mysqld)
CGroup: /system.slice/mysqld.service
└─3282 /usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
5月 27 16:49:38 test-1 systemd[1]: Starting MySQL Server...
5月 27 16:49:40 test-1 systemd[1]: Started MySQL Server.
[root@test-1 ~]#
测试是否正常

Slave 配置(192.168.40.129)
删除自动生成的配置
/var/lib/mysql/auto.cnf
bash
[root@test-2 ~]# rm -rf /var/lib/mysql/auto.cnf
[root@test-2 ~]#
从库配置
bash
[root@test-2 ~]# cat /etc/my.cnf
# For advice on how to change settings please see
# http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/server-configuration-defaults.html
[mysqld]
#
# Remove leading # and set to the amount of RAM for the most important data
# cache in MySQL. Start at 70% of total RAM for dedicated server, else 10%.
# innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M
#
# Remove leading # to turn on a very important data integrity option: logging
# changes to the binary log between backups.
# log_bin
#
# Remove leading # to set options mainly useful for reporting servers.
# The server defaults are faster for transactions and fast SELECTs.
# Adjust sizes as needed, experiment to find the optimal values.
# join_buffer_size = 128M
# sort_buffer_size = 2M
# read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M
datadir=/var/lib/mysql
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
symbolic-links=0
log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log
pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
# 主从配置
server_id=2
# 二进制文件存放路径,存放在根目录data文件夹下
log_bin=slave-bin
# 设置需要同步的数据库
replicate_wild_do_table=db_demo.%
#屏蔽系统库同步
replicate_wild_ignore_table=mysql.%
replicate_wild_ignore_table=information_schema.%
replicate_wild_ignore_table=performance_schema.%
[root@test-2 ~]#
重启MySQL服务
bash
[root@test-2 ~]# systemctl restart mysqld
[root@test-2 ~]#
[root@test-2 ~]# systemctl status mysqld
● mysqld.service - MySQL Server
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: active (running) since 二 2025-05-27 17:00:52 CST; 7s ago
Docs: man:mysqld(8)
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
Process: 3177 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid $MYSQLD_OPTS (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Process: 3155 ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/mysqld_pre_systemd (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Main PID: 3180 (mysqld)
CGroup: /system.slice/mysqld.service
└─3180 /usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
5月 27 17:00:49 test-2 systemd[1]: Starting MySQL Server...
5月 27 17:00:52 test-2 systemd[1]: Started MySQL Server.
[root@test-2 ~]#
测试是否正常

主从同步配置
查看Master状态
show master status;

主从节点均创建库 db_demo

从节点配置同步相关信息
停止从节点
stop slave;

配置复制主机的信息
bash
change master to
master_host='192.168.40.128',
master_user='root',
master_password='Root@123456',
master_log_file='master-bin.000001',
master_log_pos=154;

启动从节点
start slave;

查看从节点状态
show slave status;

说明
- Slave_IO_Running 、Slave_SQL_Running 为YES则为正常
- 若不是 YES,则可查看从节点的数据库日志
/var/log/mysqld.log
进行排查处理
主从同步验证
主库创建表 student
- 数据库:
db_demo
- 表:
student

查看从库

主库插入数据

从库查看数据
