搭建一个springColud 项目，从头开始，里面有订单，库存两个模块

德玛西亚没有明天2025-06-11 22:07

从零开始搭建 Spring Cloud 项目（订单+库存模块）

下面我将带你从零开始搭建一个完整的 Spring Cloud 项目，包含订单(order)和库存(stock)两个模块，使用 Nacos 作为注册中心和配置中心。

一、项目初始化

1. 创建父工程（Maven聚合项目）

xml 复制代码 
<!-- pom.xml -->
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    
    <groupId>com.example</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-cloud-demo</artifactId>
    <version>1.0.0</version>
    <packaging>pom</packaging>
    <name>spring-cloud-demo</name>
    
    <modules>
        <module>order-service</module>
        <module>stock-service</module>
        <module>api-commons</module>
        <module>gateway</module>
    </modules>
    
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.7.12</version>
        <relativePath/>
    </parent>
    
    <properties>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
        <spring-cloud.version>2021.0.7</spring-cloud.version>
        <spring-cloud-alibaba.version>2021.0.5.0</spring-cloud-alibaba.version>
    </properties>
    
    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <!-- Spring Cloud -->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
            <!-- Spring Cloud Alibaba -->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-alibaba-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>${spring-cloud-alibaba.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>
</project>

2. 创建公共模块（api-commons）

xml 复制代码 
<!-- api-commons/pom.xml -->
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <parent>
        <artifactId>spring-cloud-demo</artifactId>
        <groupId>com.example</groupId>
        <version>1.0.0</version>
    </parent>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <artifactId>api-commons</artifactId>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</project>

二、订单服务（order-service）

1. 创建订单模块

xml 复制代码 
<!-- order-service/pom.xml -->
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <parent>
        <artifactId>spring-cloud-demo</artifactId>
        <groupId>com.example</groupId>
        <version>1.0.0</version>
    </parent>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <artifactId>order-service</artifactId>

    <dependencies>
        <!-- Spring Boot Starter Web -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        
        <!-- Nacos Discovery -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        
        <!-- Nacos Config -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-config</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        
        <!-- OpenFeign -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        
        <!-- API Commons -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.example</groupId>
            <artifactId>api-commons</artifactId>
            <version>${project.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        
        <!-- Lombok -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</project>

2. 订单服务配置

yaml 复制代码 
# order-service/src/main/resources/bootstrap.yml
spring:
  application:
    name: order-service
  cloud:
    nacos:
      discovery:
        server-addr: 127.0.0.1:8848
      config:
        server-addr: 127.0.0.1:8848
        file-extension: yaml
        group: DEFAULT_GROUP
        namespace: public

3. 订单服务主启动类

java 复制代码 
// order-service/src/main/java/com/example/order/OrderApplication.java
package com.example.order;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;
import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.EnableFeignClients;

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableDiscoveryClient
@EnableFeignClients
public class OrderApplication {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(OrderApplication.class, args);
    }
}

4. 订单服务Controller

java 复制代码 
// order-service/src/main/java/com/example/order/controller/OrderController.java
package com.example.order.controller;

import com.example.order.feign.StockFeignService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/order")
public class OrderController {
    
    @Autowired
    private StockFeignService stockFeignService;
    
    @GetMapping("/create")
    public String createOrder() {
        // 调用库存服务扣减库存
        String result = stockFeignService.deduct();
        return "创建订单成功，" + result;
    }
}

5. Feign客户端接口

java 复制代码 
// order-service/src/main/java/com/example/order/feign/StockFeignService.java
package com.example.order.feign;

import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.FeignClient;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;

@FeignClient(name = "stock-service", path = "/stock")
public interface StockFeignService {
    
    @GetMapping("/deduct")
    String deduct();
}

三、库存服务（stock-service）

1. 创建库存模块

xml 复制代码 
<!-- stock-service/pom.xml -->
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <parent>
        <artifactId>spring-cloud-demo</artifactId>
        <groupId>com.example</groupId>
        <version>1.0.0</version>
    </parent>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <artifactId>stock-service</artifactId>

    <dependencies>
        <!-- Spring Boot Starter Web -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        
        <!-- Nacos Discovery -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        
        <!-- API Commons -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.example</groupId>
            <artifactId>api-commons</artifactId>
            <version>${project.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        
        <!-- Lombok -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</project>

2. 库存服务配置

yaml 复制代码 
# stock-service/src/main/resources/bootstrap.yml
spring:
  application:
    name: stock-service
  cloud:
    nacos:
      discovery:
        server-addr: 127.0.0.1:8848
      config:
        server-addr: 127.0.0.1:8848
        file-extension: yaml
        group: DEFAULT_GROUP
        namespace: public

3. 库存服务主启动类

java 复制代码 
// stock-service/src/main/java/com/example/stock/StockApplication.java
package com.example.stock;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableDiscoveryClient
public class StockApplication {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(StockApplication.class, args);
    }
}

4. 库存服务Controller

java 复制代码 
// stock-service/src/main/java/com/example/stock/controller/StockController.java
package com.example.stock.controller;

import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/stock")
public class StockController {
    
    @GetMapping("/deduct")
    public String deduct() {
        System.out.println("库存扣减成功");
        return "库存扣减成功";
    }
}

四、API网关（gateway）

1. 创建网关模块

xml 复制代码 
<!-- gateway/pom.xml -->
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <parent>
        <artifactId>spring-cloud-demo</artifactId>
        <groupId>com.example</groupId>
        <version>1.0.0</version>
    </parent>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <artifactId>gateway</artifactId>

    <dependencies>
        <!-- Spring Cloud Gateway -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-gateway</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        
        <!-- Nacos Discovery -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        
        <!-- Lombok -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</project>

2. 网关配置

yaml 复制代码 
# gateway/src/main/resources/bootstrap.yml
spring:
  application:
    name: gateway
  cloud:
    nacos:
      discovery:
        server-addr: 127.0.0.1:8848
    gateway:
      discovery:
        locator:
          enabled: true # 开启从注册中心动态创建路由的功能
          lower-case-service-id: true # 使用小写服务名
      routes:
        - id: order-service
          uri: lb://order-service
          predicates:
            - Path=/order/**
        - id: stock-service
          uri: lb://stock-service
          predicates:
            - Path=/stock/**
server:
  port: 8080

3. 网关主启动类

java 复制代码 
// gateway/src/main/java/com/example/gateway/GatewayApplication.java
package com.example.gateway;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableDiscoveryClient
public class GatewayApplication {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(GatewayApplication.class, args);
    }
}

五、测试项目

  1. 启动Nacos服务（确保已安装并运行）
  2. 依次启动：
    • stock-service
    • order-service
    • gateway
  3. 访问测试：

六、项目结构说明

复制代码 
spring-cloud-demo
├── api-commons          # 公共模块
├── order-service        # 订单服务
│   ├── src
│   │   ├── main
│   │   │   ├── java
│   │   │   │   └── com
│   │   │   │       └── example
│   │   │   │           └── order
│   │   │   └── resources
│   │   └── test
│   └── pom.xml
├── stock-service        # 库存服务
│   ├── src
│   │   ├── main
│   │   │   ├── java
│   │   │   │   └── com
│   │   │   │       └── example
│   │   │   │           └── stock
│   │   │   └── resources
│   │   └── test
│   └── pom.xml
├── gateway              # API网关
│   ├── src
│   │   ├── main
│   │   │   ├── java
│   │   │   │   └── com
│   │   │   │       └── example
│   │   │   │           └── gateway
│   │   │   └── resources
│   │   └── test
│   └── pom.xml
└── pom.xml              # 父工程POM

七、扩展功能建议

  1. 添加分布式事务：使用Seata处理订单创建和库存扣减的分布式事务
  2. 添加熔断降级：使用Sentinel实现服务熔断
  3. 添加链路追踪：使用Sleuth+Zipkin实现分布式链路追踪
  4. 添加配置中心：使用Nacos Config管理配置
  5. 添加鉴权：使用Spring Security或OAuth2实现API鉴权

这个项目已经包含了Spring Cloud的核心组件：服务注册与发现(Nacos)、服务调用(Feign)、API网关(Gateway)。你可以基于此继续扩展完善。

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